• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.63 no.4
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• pp.132-142
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• 2013

This study has evaluated the physiological reaction to wearing brassiere as well as the sensations that the wearer feels in order to understand the effect of brassiere use on the human body. Six healthy women in their twenties were used as subjects and the experiment measured the difference in their S.C.L, Skin Temperature, B.V.P and Pulse. The measurements were made in the following conditions: Women not wearing any brassiere, women wearing sports brassiere, and the women wearing wire brassiere. The results showed significant differences in the following areas. 1. S.C.L was found to be the highest when they didn't wear any brassiere, followed by when they wore wire-brassiere and then sports brassiere. 2. The Skin Temperature was found to be the highest when they wore wire-brassiere, followed by when they wore sports brassiere and when they didn't wear any of them. In particular, when they wore sports brassiere, the B.V.P was found to be the highest when they wore none of them, fir skin temperature dropped as time passed. 3.ollowed by when they wore sports brassiere and then wire brassiere. When they wore sports brassiere, they had irregular blood-flow. 4. Pulse was found to be the highest when they didn't wear any of them, followed by when they wore sports brassiere and then wire brassiere. 5. Those who didn't wear any brassiere felt the most chill, followed by those wearing wire brassiere and then sports brassiere. The moisture level was found to be the highest when they wore sports brassiere, followed by when they wore wire brassiere and then when they wore none of them. Comfort level was found to be the best with no brassiere, followed by wire brassiere and then sports brassiere.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.603-610
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to determine how spandex pants affect impact force and muscle activities in the lower extremity. Seven pairs of surface electrodes were attached to the right-hand side of the body. Paired t-test was performed to test if significant difference exist between two conditions(p< .05). The average IEMG activities in the TA, BF, and GM during the landing phase reduced significantly with spandex pants compared to regular pants. All peak IEMG activities except the RF in wearing spandex pants group were significantly greater than the corresponding values in wearing regular pants one. The greater muscle activity recorded in wearing spandex pants can be attributed to the greater motor unit recruitment needed to decelerate and stabilized their bodies. Impact force and loading rate were not significantly decreased with wearing spandex pants. Since the spandex pants used in this study were not custom-fit based on girth of each participants thigh and shank, compression and elasticity for the pants could not be optimized.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of two shoe size conditions on foot pressure, ground reaction force (GRF), and lower extremity muscle fatigue. Seven healthy men participated. They randomly performed walking and running in two different conditions: proper shoe size and 10 mm greater than proper shoe size. Peak foot pressure, and vertical, anterior and mediolateral force components were recorded with the Parotec system and Kisler force platform. To assess fatigue, the participants performed treadmill running for twenty-five minutes twice, each time wearing a different shoe size. Surface electromyography was used to confirm localized muscle fatigue using power spectral analysis of four muscles (tibialis anterior, gastrocnemius medialis, rectus femoris, and biceps femoris). The results were as follows: 1) In walking conditions, there was a significantly higher peak pressure in the 10 mm greater than proper shoe size insole sensor 1, 2, 14, and 18 (p<.05). 2) In running conditions, there was a significantly higher peak pressure in the 10 mm greater than proper shoe size insole sensor 5, 14, and 15 (p<.05). 3) In walking conditions, there was a significantly higher first maximal vertical GRF in the 10 mm greater than proper shoe size (p<.05). 4) In running conditions, no GRF components were significantly different between each shoe size condition (p>.05). 5) Muscle fatigue indexes of the tibialis anterior and rectus femoris were significantly increased in the 10 mm greater than proper shoe size condition. These results indicate that wearing shoes that are too large could further exacerbate the problems of increased foot pressure, vertical GRF, and muscle fatigue.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.113-120
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• 2018

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to investigate the characteristics of a specific functional shoe in terms of the range of motion (ROM) of ankle and foot joints during walking when compared to a standardized shoe. METHODS: Kinematic ROM data pertaining to ankle, tarsometatarsal, and metatarsophalangeal joints were collected from twenty-six healthy individuals during walking using a ten-camera motion analysis system. Kinematic ROM of each joint in three planes was obtained over ten walking trials consisting of two different shoe conditions. Visual3D motion analysis was finally used to coordinate the kinematic data. All kinematic ROM data were interpolated using a cubic spline algorithm and low-pass filtered with a cutoff frequency of 6 Hz for smoothing. RESULTS: The overall ROM of the ankle joint in the sagittal and coronal planes when wearing the specific functional shoe was significantly decreased in both ankles during walking when compared to wearing a standard shoe (p<.05). Significantly more flexibility was observed when wearing the specific functional shoe in the tarsometatarsal and metatarsophalangeal joints compared to a standard shoe (p<.05). CONCLUSION: Although clinical application of the specific functional shoe has shown clear positive effects on knee and ankle moments, the results of this study provide important background information regarding the kinematic mechanisms of these effects.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.33-42
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• 2018

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics of the Flex-OA shoe, a specific functional shoe, in terms of the range of motion (ROM) of hip and knee joint during walking when compared to a standardized shoe. Methods : Twenty-six healthy adults (18 males, 6 females) participated in this study. Subjects performed 8 walking trials consisting of two different shoe conditions to evaluate the hip and knee ROM using a three-dimensional motion capture system. Visual 3D motion analysis software was finally used to coordinate the kinematic data. Result : The total ROM and maximal abduction range of the hip joint in the coronal planes when wearing the Flex-OA shoe were significantly increased during walking compared to wearing a standard shoe (p<.05). On the other hand, significantly increased ROM was observed in the sagittal plane when wearing the Flex-OA shoe in the knee joints compared to a standard shoe (p<.05). Conclusion : Although clinical application of the specific functional shoe has known clearly positive effects on knee moments, the results of this study could provide important clues to explain the background of these effects in terms of the hip and knee joints when applying a specific functional shoe.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.391-401
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• 2017

This study was conducted to evaluate the relationships between exposure level to pyrethroid pesticide and wearing of protective equipment in 194 Chung-nam orchard male farmers. The urinary metabolites of pyrethroid pesticides, including Cis, Trans, DBCA, and 3-PBA, were analyzed by GC/MSD. As a result of this study, the detection rate and exposure level of 3-PBA was the highest among pyrethroid metabolites discovered by orchard farmers. As a result of analyzing the actual conditions of wearing protective equipment by the subjects of this study, the rate of agricultural farmers who wore four pieces of protective equipment compared to agricultural farmers wearing a single piece of protective clothing was as high as 35.1%. Pyrethroid exposure levels were low when farmers wore more personal protective equipment (PPE). In conclusion, training with regards to pesticide hazards and protective equipment for farmers who spray pesticides will help reduce pesticide exposure levels.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.285-295
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• 2015

To identify optimized thermal properties of mold brassiere cup for improved thermal comfort during summer, we compared the thermal resistance and the water vapor permeability of Polyurethane (PU) foam, 3D spacer fabric and the two combined materials of the PU foam and the 3D spacer fabric. Four experimental mold brassieres were made of the materials for wearing test. Six women in their twenties evaluated the wearing sensation in the hot and humid environment. The changes in microclimate temperature and humidity while wearing test brassiere cups were measured. Results indicate that thermal resistance increased as more PU foam were combined, while the water vapor permeability was higher as the content of the 3D spacer fabric increased at thickness of 18mm and over. However, in the wear test, the PU foam brassiere was the most preferred in all ambient conditions due to its soft, flexible and smooth texture, despite its high thermal resistance and low water vapor permeability. This indicates that the textures of mold foams are more dominant properties than thermal properties for mold foams in determining the wear comfort of mold brassieres.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.59-67
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• 2019

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to analyze the dynamic range of motion (ROM) of pelvic and translation of center of mass (COM) when wearing different shoe insole lifts according to leg length discrepancy (LLD) during free speed gait. Methods : Thirty-five healthy adults were participated in this study. Kinematic data were collected using a Vicon motion capture system. Reflective and cluster 40 markers attached to participants lower extremities and were asked to walk in a 6 m gait way under three different shoe lift conditions (without any insole, 1 cm insole, and 2 cm insole). The pelvic ROM and COM translation in three planes were sorted using a Nexus software, and a Visual3D motion analysis software was used to coordinate all kinematic data. Results : There were significantly increased maximal pelvic elevation and total pelvic range in coronal plane when wearing a standard shoe with 2 cm insole lift during gait (p<.05). When wearing a standard shoe with 2 cm insole lift, the total range of the pelvic segment were significantly different in all three motion planes (p<.05). Conclusion : Although LLD of less than 2 cm develops abnormal movement pattern of the pelvis and may cause of musculoskeletal diseases such as low back pain, hip and knee joint osteoarthritis, therefore intensive various physical therapy interventions for LLD are needed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.514-525
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• 2013

Korea International Trade Association (KITA) statistics show that the import of circular-knitted clothes has suddenly increased since 2000; they have increased by 24.5% each year for 2000-2004 and by 8.2% for 2005-2009. In addition, a Korea Apparel Industry Association survey showed that more than 50% of young people in their 20s and more than 40% of mid-aged people in their 30s-40s wore T-shirts (the most frequently worn and/or regarded as the most comfortable item among knit clothes). This portion is expected to increase in the future; however, insufficient research has been conducted on the characteristics of product development and production, knit T-shirt pattern development (Park, 2011), and consumer purchase patterns and behavior for knit clothes. The evaluation criteria for knit clothes generally vary depending on the demographic characteristics of consumers (Kotler & Armstrong, 2006). This study conducted a wearing trends survey for circular-knitted T-shirts and fit satisfaction based on 318 male and female consumers in their 20s-30s. The results provide information on the basic materials required to produce circular-knitted T-shirts.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.919-928
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was conducted to improve middle school students' satisfaction on their uniform to provide basic information for the wearing condition. on their comfortable uniform. Survey was conducted on 532 boys' and girls' middle school students in Iksan City. This study analyzed the purchasing factors and modification, fitting evaluation, and satisfaction of comfortable uniform aspect of students. It was the questionnaire consisted of 18 questions in total. The results are as follows : First, boys' middle school students preferred 'activity' among the purchasing factors. Girls' middle school students preferred 'design' and 'activity' among the purchasing factors. Second, in purchasing types, boys' students bought the type of cooperative purchasing and the type of the school uniform special shop in girls' students. Third, 51.0% of the students interviewed have experienced to modify their uniforms. Since the non fashionable design and non suitable uniform length caused the students to modify their uniform. Also students did not satisfy the color and design in their comfortable uniforms. Thus school uniform maker should make that consider movement, color, design, functional elements and changing students' aesthetic sense.