• Computers and Concrete
• /
• 제19권5호
• /
• pp.579-588
• /
• 2017

Creep and shrinkage are the main types of volume change with time in concrete. These changes cause deflection, cracking and stresses that affect durability, serviceability, long-term reliability and structural integrity of civil engineering infrastructure. Although laboratory test may be undertaken to determine the deformation properties of concrete, these are time-consuming, often expensive and generally not a practical option. Therefore, relatively simple empirically design code models are relied to predict the creep strain. This paper reviews the accuracy of creep and shrinkage predictions of reinforced concrete (RC) shear walls structures strengthened with carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) plates, which is characterized by a widthwise varying fibre volume fraction. This review is yielded by three commonly used international "code type" models. The assessed are the: CEB-FIP MC 90 model, ACI 209 model and Bazant & Baweja (B3) model. The time-dependent behavior was investigated to analyze their seismic behavior. In the numerical formulation, the adherents and the adhesives are all modelled as shear wall elements, using the mixed finite element method. Several tests were used to demonstrate the accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed method. Numerical results from the present analysis are presented to illustrate the significance of the time-dependency of the lateral displacements and eigenfrequencies modes.

• 한국전산구조공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국전산구조공학회 2006년도 정기 학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.496-499
• /
• 2006

In this study, a practical method of shrinkage stress analysis on concrete slab in multi-story building is proposed, which considers both internal restraint and external restraint variation resulting from construction sequence. The shrinkage stress due to external restraint is obtained by multiplying relaxation coefficient to elastic shrinkage stress. The additional shrinkage stress due to internal restraint is obtained by residual strain of the elastic analysis. A verification example was analyzed and compared by the proposed method and commercial analysis program that is capable of time-dependent analysis of concrete. The results of 10-story example building show that the internal restraint of reinforcement increases the shrinkage stress considerably at the slabs under loose external restraint.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국건축시공학회 2016년도 추계 학술논문 발표대회
• /
• pp.7-8
• /
• 2016

The use of half PC slab is increasing to shorten construction period. Because the drying shrinkage of topping concrete is restrained by PC slab, the tensile stress is generated at the topping concrete and the cracks can be occurred at the topping concrete due to drying shrinkage. Therefore, it is important to predict the tensile strain of half PC slab due to drying shrinkage to improve the quality of half PC slab. However, there is no studies on prediction of shrinkage behavior of half PC slab yet. Therefore, in this study, half PC slab was made, and the predictability of tensile strain generated at half PC slab due to drying shrinkage was investigated. The step by step method considering creep was used to estimate the tensile strain of half PC slab. In result, good agreement was obtained between the analytical and experimental values.

• Steel and Composite Structures
• /
• 제18권2호
• /
• pp.375-394
• /
• 2015

This paper presents the results of four long-term experiments carried out to investigate the time-dependent behaviour of composite floor slabs with particular attention devoted to the development of non-uniform shrinkage through the slab thickness. This is produced by the presence of the steel deck which prevents moisture egress to occur from the underside of the slab. To observe the influence of different drying conditions on the development of shrinkage, the four 3.3 m long specimens consisted of two composite slabs cast on Stramit Condeck $HP^{(R)}$ steel deck and two reinforced concrete slabs, with the latter ones having both faces exposed for drying. During the long-term tests, the samples were maintained in a simply-supported configuration subjected to their own self-weight, creep and shrinkage for four months. Separate concrete samples were prepared and used to measure the development of shrinkage through the slab thickness over time for different drying conditions. A theoretical model was used to predict the time-dependent behaviour of the composite and reinforced concrete slabs. This approach was able to account for the occurrence of non-uniform shrinkage and comparisons between numerical results and experimental measurements showed good agreement. This work highlights the importance of considering the shrinkage gradient in predicting shrinkage deformations of composite slabs. Further comparisons with experimental results are required to properly validate the adequacy of the proposed approach for its use in routine design.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
• /
• 제13권5호
• /
• pp.457-465
• /
• 2001

고층건물 콘크리트 슬래브에 발생하는 건조수축변형은 기둥이나 벽체 등의 구조부재에 의해 변형발생이 제한되고 이로 인한 인장응력이 부재의 인장강도를 초과하게 되면 균열이 발생한다. 이 논문에서는 건조수축과 크리프, 철근효과 등 콘크리트의 재료특성과 시공단계에 따른 건조수축을 고려하여 슬래브에 발생하는 응력을 산정하는 실용적인 해석방법을 제안하였다. 건조수축으로 인해 부재에 작용하는 인장응력은 건조수축변형을 등가온도하중으로 치환하여 계산할 수 있으며, 건조수축과는 달리 응력을 이완시켜 주는 크리프의 영향은 콘크리트의 탄성계수 Ec 대신에 크리프를 고려한 콘크리트의 유효탄성계수 E eff를 사용하고, 배근된 철근은 등가의 보요소로 모델링하여 해석에 반영할 수 있다. 또한 고층건물 슬래브에서 발생하는 건조수축응력은 그 층에서 발생한 건조수축량과 하부 층의 건조수축량의 차이인 유효건조수축에 의한 응력임을 고려하여 각 시공단계마다 발생하는 응력을 단계별 해석을 수행하여 구하고 이를 합산함으로서 슬래브에 최종적으로 발생하는 응력을 산정한다. 10층 규모에 예제건물을 대상으로 해석한 결과, 상부 층으로 갈수록 점차 건조수축응력이 줄어들며 전체 구조물에 발생한 응력은 저층부(1~2층)에서는 기준강도를 초과하나 3층 이상의 고층부에서는 기준강도의 27.9~92.8% 수준으로 나타났다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• 제20권2호
• /
• pp.173-189
• /
• 2005

The paper presents a finite element model for studying timber-concrete composite beams under long-term loading. Both deformability of connection system and rheological behaviour of concrete, timber and connection are fully considered. The creep of component materials and the influence of moisture content on the creep of timber and connection, the so-called "mechano-sorptive" effect, are evaluated by means of accurate linear models. The solution is obtained by applying an effective step-by-step procedure in time, which does not require storing the whole stress history in some points in order to account for the creep behaviour. Hence the proposed method is suitable for analyses of composite beams subjected to complex loading and thermo-hygrometric histories. The possibility to accurately predict the long-term response is then shown by comparing numerical and experimental results for different tests.

• 콘크리트학회지
• /
• 제4권3호
• /
• pp.101-111
• /
• 1992

매스콘크리트 구조물에서의 시멘트 수화열은 구조물의 균열을 발생시킬 만큼 큰 내부온도를 발생시킨다. 따라서 매스콘크리트 구조물에서의 설계와 시공단계에서 내부온도응력을 예측할 수 있다면 이와같은 균열로 인한 구조물의 피해를 예방할 수 있을 것이다. 그리고 수화열에 의한 온도증가는 타설초기에 발생하므로 크리이프에 의한 영향도 매우크다. 따라서 온도응력해석시 크리이프와 건조수축의 영향을 고려하는 것이 구조물의 안전성과 사용성을 정확히 파악하는데 필요하다. 본 연구는 먼저 매스콘크리트의 온도이력을 유한요소법에 의해 해석하고, 작용하중이나 온도이력을 크리이프와 건조수축영향을 고려하여 콘크리트 구조물의 응력과 변형을 유한요소법에 의해 계산하였다. 본 연구에서 온도이력 계산과 콘크리트구조물의 응력과 변형의 계산을 위해 작성한 프로그램 결과를 실제 구조물의 실험결과와 비교하였을 때 양호한 결과를 얻었다.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국건축시공학회 2017년도 춘계 학술논문 발표대회
• /
• pp.86-87
• /
• 2017

The high-temperature creep of Ultra-High-Strength Concrete (UHSC) has been investigated in this study. The purpose of this study is to evaluated total strain and high-temperature creep at elevated temperatures under loading condition of UHSC. As results, Total strain of UHSC increased showing shrinkage with increasing compressive strength. The high-temperature creep of UHSC increased with the temperature and higher level of compressive strength showed bigger high-temperature creep.

• 대한토목학회논문집
• /
• 제3권4호
• /
• pp.143-148
• /
• 1983

크리이프, 건조수축(乾燥收縮), 노화현상(老化現象), 온도변형등(溫度變形等) 콘크리트구조물(構造物)의 시간의존성변형(時間依存性變形)에 대한 일반적(一般的) 수치해석법(數値解析法)을 제시(提示)하였다. 크리이프는 콘크리트의 연령(年齡)과 온도변화(溫度變化)의 함수인 중량적분(重量積分)으로 표시하였는데 특수(特殊)한 형태(形態)의 크리이프함수(凾數)를 사용함으로써 효과적(効果的)인 수치해석(數値解析)이 가능(可能)하게 되었다. 수치해석예(數値解析例)를 통하여 이 방법(方法)의 정확성(正確性)을 입증하였다.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국철도학회 2011년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.973-978
• /
• 2011

In this study, effects due to differences of creep and shrinkage which is caused by material differences such as concrete characteristic and age in an asymmetric PSC box girder were evaluated. For this purpose the prestress distribution, creep and shrinkage were analyzed with the FE analysis program, LUSAS 14.3. As a result of the prestress, the stress distribution was stable. In case of the analysis result which was conducted with 1,000 days response time, the shear stress between PC section and CIP section is satisfied with design shear strength.