• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.681-688
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• 2020

Approximately 6,000 chemicals are transported through the sea, including hazardous and noxious substances (HNS), which cause marine pollution and are harmful to marine life. The HNS discharged into the sea during the maritime transportation process undergoes physical and chemical changes on the sea surface and in seawater, and some types of HNS sink and are deposited on the seabed. The HNS deposited on the seabed adversely affects the benthic ecosystem, and hence, it is desirable to detect, treat, and recover the HNS on the seabed. Therefore, this study was conducted to analyze the performance requirements that should be considered as the top priority when developing a mechanical system for recovering the HNS deposited on the seabed. Various types of existing dredging devices used for collecting and recovering pollutants from river beds and seabeds were investigated, and 10 performance indices for the mechanical devices were selected. The new performance requirements for the development of the seabed-deposited HNS recovery system were proposed using performance indices. By considering the depth of water in domestic seaports, some of the performance requirements of the mechanical system for recovering deposited HNS from the seabed were obtained as follows: production rate (50-300 ㎥/hr), maximum operation depth (50 m), sediment type (most forms), percentage of solids (10 % or higher), horizontal operating accuracy (±10 cm), limiting currents (3-5 knots). These performance requirements are expected to be useful in the conceptual and basic design of mechanical systems for recovering seabed-deposited HNS.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.59-67
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• 2019

Purpose - The Millennial Generation, which grew in the wake of the spread of the Internet and rapid changes in the media environment, is rapidly moving from the traditional broadcasting environment to the Internet-broadcasting environment in terms of content acceptance. With the emergence of UGC (User-generated content), the change in the status of single-person content creators enables the growth of multi-channel networks (MCN), a new content-distribution platform and an agency concept for single creators. Youtube-based MCN produces multiple single star producers and casts and provides its own video series through Youtube. It is also emerging as a major M&A target for global media providers in terms of providing content to a wide range of consumers with the same interests and consumption characteristics. In addition, for the Millennials generation, which are part of their lives, MCN is becoming the most suitable media for TGIF (Twitter, Google, i-phone, Facebook). Accordingly, this study defines newly emerging MCNs and analyzes the factors for accepting MCN-produced content based on the push-pull-mooring (PPM) model. Research design, data, and methodology - An empirical analysis is performed through a questionnaire survey. For this purpose, 204 people who have experience of watching MCN were studied. Collected data is processed through analysis of a structural equation model using R to test the hypothesis. Results - For the MCN service to become an alternative to existing media, it is necessary to continuously promote cultural diversity and diversity of attempts that conventional media cannot provide. It is the attractiveness of the alternative that has the greatest influence on the intention to switch to a MCN service. When we look at MCN content so far, certain patterns such as game progress, introduction, food, and chat rooms have already appeared. We need to overcome this and develop a completely new conceptual content that we have never seen before. This requires a more generous viewer perception of the topics covered. For diversity, linguistic and verbal violence should be tolerant in common sense to provide a foundation for securing cultural diversity. Conclusions - In this study, we tried to develop a comprehensive approach to the substitution effect of MCN. In terms of academic achievement, the PPM model is used to enhance the utilization of media and broadcasting. Practical implications are to provide an analytical framework for verifying alternative or complementary effects when viewers switch to MCN.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.10
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• pp.177-189
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• 2020

To newly discover the placeness of Xita Koreatown in Shenyang, this study establishes the conceptual structure of urban inclusivity based on the actor-network theory and the main discourse of inclusive cities. It then applies a framework to the relevant space for analysis. We conduct the case study by first identifying a historical timeline by dividing the age from the founding of New China to the present into sprouting and developing stages of Xita Koreatown, extracting major actors out of time, and finally creating a network graph for each of the six periods representing changes in the region. Throughout this process, we not only analyze the aspect of transition in the urban inclusivity of Xita Koreatown but also prospect the feasibility of an inclusive city for the area. The results of this study are as follows. First, the number and type of actors constituting Xita Koreatown have constantly increased significantly since the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and South Korea. The related actor-networks have also continued to expand in all indicators of urban inclusivity. Secondly, the agency of human actors such as Korean-Chinese, locals, and both South and North Koreans, representing the specificity of Xita Koreatown, has continuously improved. Lastly, due to the increase of cultural exchanges and related policy actors, the actor-network in this region has achieved an unprecedented leap forward. In conclusion, the urban inclusivity of Xita Koreatown in Shenyang shows significant growth in quality, with expectations of further improvement.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.19-38
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• 2011

When quantitative representation and reasoning about space is difficult or impossible in a real world, we can use qualitative representation and reasoning. RCC-8 is a well-known qualitative method for 2D space. RCC-8, in which a basic ontological primitive entity for space is a region, shows the connection-based logics and the conceptual neighbors and transitions of topological status between two regions. The transitions happen by changing position or size of regions. However, more aspects have to be considered for representing and reasoning of the world. We propose a modified and extended method QSR-14 for qualitative spatial representation and reasoning of a dynamic physical 2D world in the gravitation field. We mention the need of a global reference frame and describe QSR-14 in detail for representing and reasoning of physical and chemical changes of a real world using the global reference frame. We believe QSR-14 is appropriate for the qualitative spatial representation and reasoning of a dynamic physical world. The usefulness of QSR-14 is shown with several examples.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.340-353
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to introduce surfing which is not a familiar leisure activity in Korea and provide understanding of surfing participants through the cross-sectional analysis on the process of forming recreational specialization from introductory levels with enthusiastic surfing participants. This study employs a qualitative approach to analyze each participant's experience on recreation specialization in detail, and in particular uses ethnographic research methods to derive participants' meaning of life and daily routines and cultural behavioral patterns changed through surfing. First, through the analysis of in-depth interview data, total 531 conceptual words were identified and the first categorization was established. Second, surfing participants mentioned that they had high expectations of surfing even before they first encountered it. Third, surfing participants noted that they experienced leisure constraints and made efforts to resolve this issue before reaching the recreation specialization process. Fourth, surfing participants were found to go through a recreation specialization process. Fifth, surfing participants were found to undergo life changes. They worked hard in their everyday life through physical training, improvement of surfing skills, and analysis of their own videos to be better at surfing.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.361-366
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to examine the four aspects of design terminology : dictionary, legal, academic, and popular according to the changes of various media and the stream of times and to establish a basic framework for design terms that can be refined in time. Based on an understanding of the essential meaning of design terms, it provides the basis for establishing the basic direction of the use of design terms that can be used between the design industry and other industries. The research methods are as follows: First, the preliminary meaning of design terms was examined through previous studies. Second, the present state of use of design terms was analyzed using the Internet and various network media. Third, through interviews with experts in each design field, the criteria of contemporary design terms was explored. Ultimately, the direction to establish design terms was derived through these research processes. The result of this study is meaningful to provide the new index of the time and conceptual change of design terms. In the future, it will be necessary to expand the research on design common terms continuously in design-related academia and related industries, and try to establish professional and popular design terms through diverse opinions.

• Korean System Dynamics Review
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.5-31
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• 2000

The summit meeting of the South North Korean leaders was a turning point in the relationships between the two countries. It was followed by the Red-Cross Meeting, Minister-Level Meeting, economic agreements, which have increased the relationship more colorful in both quantities and qualities. However, the half-century period for separation was too long to overcome all the problems by only one event. The two countries have quite different social systems; one politically strong person is governing the North, while many interest groups are involved in political decision making processes in the South. In short, it would take a long time to settle down all the problems residing between the two countries. A system dynamics model is developed to describe the long term dynamics of the relations between the South and North Koreas. As a first attempt, the model focuses only on the diplomatic meeting issues between the South and North. The model aggregates diplomatic issues into 5 categories; economic issues, security issues, infrastructure, cultural issues, and past problems. It assumes that there would not be any dramatic changes between the two countries. It is a conceptual model composed of around 200 variables, and should not be used as a forecast tool. However, it captures most of the logics discussed in the papers and conferences concerning the South and North Korea relations. Many sensitivity studies and Monte Carlo simulations have shown that the simulation results matches with mental models of experts; that is the model can be used as a learning tool or as a secondary opinion until the data required by the model is collected. In order to analyze the current situation, five scenarios are simulated and analyzed; the functional approach, the conditional approach, the balanced approach, the circumstantial approach, and the strategic approach. The functional approach represents that the South makes efforts in the area where the possibility of agreement is high for the next 10 years. The conditional approach is a scenario where the South impose all difficult issues as conditions for resolving other diplomatic issues. The balanced approach is resolving the five issues with the same priorities, while the circumstantial approach is resolving issues which seem to be resolved easily. Finally, another optimum approach has been seek using the system dynamics model developed. The optimum strategy (it is named as the strategic approach) was strikingly different from other four approaches. The optimum strategy is so complicated that no one could find it with mental model(or by just insights). Considering that the system dynamic model used to find the optimum is a simplifind (maybe over simplified) version of the reality, it is concluded that a well designed system dynamics model would be of great help to resolving the complicated diplomatic problems in any kind.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.629-641
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• 2016

Understanding of how teachers change instruction can help predict what kind of educational materials is supportive or appropriate. On the basis of this idea, we explored elementary teachers' PCK progression on specific topics of astronomy: planet size and distance in solar system. To identify the development of PCK over time, we utilized learning progression (LP) as a conceptual framework. The progression of teacher PCK can also be illustrated as the hypothetical pathway from novice to expert like LP. Eight 5th grade elementary teachers participated in this study. We observed participating teachers' astronomy classes with the same topic. In order to document topic-specific PCK of participating teachers, we developed an analytic protocol consisting of four categories: knowledge of curriculum, knowledge of teaching strategies, knowledge of assessment, and astronomical thinking practice. In addition, we monitored the changes in the four participating teachers' PCK for two years in order to validate the evidences of the PCK progression. Participating teachers in this study took some intervention by attending a four-week pre-meeting with the researchers to profile an adaptive instruction. Through this research, we profiled four and five different levels of PCK progressions in three knowledge components (curriculum, teaching strategies, student assessment) and one astronomical thinking practice (systems thinking), respectively. Participating teachers demonstrated various levels and pathways in each component of PCK. This study released the empirical evidences in fostering instructional scaffolding, which is appropriate to the level of PCK of science teachers on specific topic.

• Journal of Science and Technology Studies
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• v.5 no.2 s.10
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• pp.97-127
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• 2005

While science museums, whose functions consist traditionally in collecting, preserving, researching, and displaying science-related objects, present scientific knowledge, figures, or tools in the historical context, science centers give more emphases on science education by exposing interactive exhibits to their visitors. However, neither objects-oriented exhibits nor hands-on technologies can provide museum visitors with the full insight into modem science in terms of its complicated relationships to politics, economy, culture, art, risk, and environment. This paper argues that for the 21st century we need to establish a new kind of science museum through the critical examination of its previous kinds - science museums and science centers. In the first part of this paper, the history of the first and second generations of science museums, including their recent trends in science centers, in the West will be elaborated. Secondly, the development of national science museums in Korea will be discussed specifically for the understanding of Korean science museums. The next part of this paper will seek for the possibilities of the third generation of science museums through three examples, which show interdisciplinary, contextual, and institutional approaches to change science museums or science centers. Fourthly, the social function of science museums as 'forum' will be discussed in relation to promoting public 'participation' of science as well as public 'understanding' of science. As a conclusion, some practical suggestions and conceptual guidelines will be proposed for the future Korean national science museum.

• Journal of Service Research and Studies
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.89-102
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• 2018

The Industrial Classification is a systematic taxonomy of industrial activities and the Standard Industrial Classification is used in all country by their own a consistent classification method. Therefore, it is employed to analyze current status of industry affairs using statistical investigations in terms industrial activities for making industrial policies and to compare industrial activity among countries. Since the Second Industrial Revolution, the need for the homogenous standard of industrial classification among countries emerged as the economic and industrial exchanges between the countries have became more active. In 1940, Colin Clark who british economist divided the industry into the first (primitive), second (processed), and third (service) industries. Based on this, the United Nations Office for Statistics (UNSD) established International Standard Industry Classification (ISIC) in 1948, which most countries invoke it. ISIC(International Standard Industry Classification) and the standard industry classifications of countries have reached the present after several revisions since the enactment of the Act. In the 2000s, the standard industry classification is amended to reflect the emergence of new industries and changes in industrial structure, mainly featuring the creation and segmentation of sections in the tertiary industry domains. It also shows that primary and secondary sectors are shifting to tertiary industry. In this study, the causes of these common phenomena are systematically identified and the problems present classification systems have been analyzed. Also proposed is the direction of formation of the industrial classification system from a service economy point of view and the conceptual model of the new classification system. In the future, it is necessary to validate the proposed model through this study and to carry out various new classification system studies.