• Journal of Sport and Applied Science
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.53-60
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• 2023

Purpose: This study examines the role of leaders of sport organizations from the perspectives of rank-and-file volunteers. Specifically, the study explores which factors are important in leading volunteers and how rank-and-filers interact with their leaders. Research design, data, and methodology: This study reviews a comprehensive literature on volunteer and leadership theories which are trait theory, behavior theory, and contingency theory. Given the comprehension of prior structure of knowledge on leadership, the study provides a structure of knowledge on volunteer and leadership in sport context and discusses managerial implications for leaders in sport organization. Results: With an exploration of sport leadership, this study proposes a volunteer classification model which presents four-volunteer types: professional volunteer, company volunteer, general volunteer, and school volunteer. Furthermore, this study discussed managerial implications for sport organization leaders. Conclusions: Paid employees may be prepared to accept a job and its requirements mainly due to economic benefits. Volunteers, however, do not pursue economic benefits through their activity. Different types of motivation between paid employees and volunteers bring to surface how a leader influences volunteer effectively. A conceptual volunteer clarification model could be examined in real world situations. Insights for future studies were discussed.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.63-72
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• 2019

As a sub-concept of corporate or organization governance, business governance and IT governance have become major research topics in academia. However, despite the importance of process as a construct for mediating the domain between business and information technology, research on process governance is relatively inadequate. Process Governance focuses on activities that link business strategy with IT system implementation and explains the creation of corporate core values. The researcher studied the basic conceptual governance models of political science, sociology, public administration, and classified governance styles into six categories. The researcher focused on the series of metamodels. For examples, the traditional Strategy Alignment Model(SAM) by Henderson and Venkatraman which is replaced by the neo-SAM model, organizational governance network model, sequential organization governance model, organization governance meta model, process governance CUBE model, COSO and process governance CUBE comparison model, and finally Process Governance Framework and etc. The Major difference between SAM and neo-SAM model is Process Governance domain inserted between Business Governance and IT Governance. Among several metamodels, Process Governance framework, the core conceptual model consists of four activity dimensions: strategic aligning, human empowering, competency enhancing, and autonomous organizing. The researcher designed five variables for each activity dimensions, totally twenty variables. Besides four activity dimensions, there are six driving forces for Process Governance cycle: De-normalizing power, micro-power, vitalizing power, self-organizing power, normalizing power and sense-making. With four activity dimensions and six driving powers, an organization can maintain the flexibility of process governance cycle to cope with internal and external environmental changes. This study aims to propose the Process Governance competency model and Process Governance variables. The situation of the industry is changing from the function-oriented organization management to the process-oriented perspective. Process Governance framework proposed by the researcher will be the contextual reference models for the further diffusion of the research on Process Governance domain and the operational definition for the development of Process Governance measurement tools in detail.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.207-226
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• 1992

This study was designed to develop a conceptual framework for the curriculum and develop the details of the learning content for the education of Community Health Practitioners (CHPs). Since education programs for CHPs started 10 years ago, concepts related to CHP services have changed because of changes in society. The objectives of the study were as follows : 1) to analyse the usefulness of the present education program for CHPs, 2) to analyse the Job performance and self -confidence of the CHPs, 3) to identify the health needs of the clients served by the CHPs and the community problems related to health. 4) to develop a conceptual framework for the curriculum, for the education of CHPs, 5) to develops details for the learning content of the education program for CHPs. Phase I of the study was conducted by questionnaires to 150 CHPs who have worked in remote rural areas for more than 2 years. Among them, 147 responded. Data was collected from August 16, to August 25, 1990. In order to identify the health needs of the community people, research within the last five years was reviewed and analyzed. The data on 1, 842 communities gathered by the WHO Nursing Collaborations Center of the College of Nursing, Yonsei University was utilized to identify community problems related to health and the self - confidence in job performance of the CHPs. Psase II of the study consisted of a workshop with 13 professionals including Community Health Practitioners to evaluate the existing education program and a conceptual framework of the curriculum for the job education of CHPs. The results of the study are Summariged below : 1. The only 26 among 45 content items of the education program related to job skills was used by 80% of the responding CHPs. The knowledge of $\ulcorner$Networking community organization$\lrcorner$ was used by only 53.7% of the respondents. Educational content about $\ulcorner$Mental disease$\lrcorner$ was used by less than 50% of CHPs because of a knowledge deficit. 2. The CHPs reported that their activities concentrated on clinical services during the last six months. The survey showed that they seemed to neglect the activities for health promotion and disease prevention. Thus, $\ulcorner$Education for community loaders$\lrcorner$(15.9%), $\ulcorner$Activity for eavironmental health$\lrcorner$(16.3%) and $\ulcorner$Social work for needey people$\lrcorner$(23.3%) were done by less than 30% of CHPs. 3. More than 90% of CHPs reported being self - confident for the activities of $\ulcorner$Health education and counselling$\lrcorner$, $\ulcorner$Medicine prescription$\lrcorner$ and $\ulcorner$Immunization$\lrcorner$. But 50% of CHPs reported that they were not have self - confident in $\ulcorner$Management of water and environmental health$\lrcorner$ and only 25.6% of CHPs could insert an IUD independently. 4. It was identified that respiratory diseases and the gastrointestinal diseases were most common problems for the community people, followed by musculoskeletal and skin problems. 5. The community problems were classified into eight categories : physical environmental problems, environmental hygiene, health problems, health behavior, social problem, lack of resources, financial problem and the problems of the cultural and value system. 6. The conceptual framework consisted of the target population and their health status, nursing process working site and primary health care services such as health promotion, disease prevention, treatment and rehabilitation. 7. The contents of curriculum of education program for CHPs were formulated from the results of this study.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.16 no.11
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• pp.25-34
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• 2011

In this paper we present an integrated design methodology for relational database based on object-oriented analysis and design. The integrated design methodology is based on business profile and has six phases. In the first phase, business use cases are identified and described by macroactivity diagrams and then the macroactivity diagrams are transformed to detailed business activity diagrams by using objects, object flows and business worker's responsibilities. In the third phase, the detailed business activity diagrams are transformed to business class diagrams that describe the static structure of the entire business system based on detailed business activity diagrams. In the four phase, the business class diagrams are transformed to class diagrams that represent the initial conceptual model of the target relational database. In the five phase, we add additional transformations on the class diagrams with generalization and specialization of associations, roles, activities, additional classes and redundant associations. Eventually, the final class diagrams are transformed to relational database schema. The methodology presented in this paper by applying that proposal for organic connection between object-oriented analysis and design methodology and relational database design methodology. And it will be able to deal with integration management. By the integrated design methodology, we can make more easily software systems based on relational database. In the case study, proposal integrated design methodology applied for a visa issuing system.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.14 no.7
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• pp.623-632
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• 2020

The purpose of this research was to identify the associativity between OTPF and ICF, present the relevance and difference of theoretical concept of OTPF-3 and ICF regarding of the participation and to identify if ICF can explain the professional area of occupational therapy. For this purpose, 4 experts of occupational therapy have made a comparative analysis of the subclassification codes of OTPF-3's work area subsection and of ICF activity and participation. As a result, connecting the most subclassification codes of OTPF-3's work area subsection and of ICF activity and participation, they demonstrated the conceptual similarity and difference. Through this, it is judged to explain the area of occupational therapy with ICF for non-expert and other experts, but it is considered to have limitation to the communication between the experts of occupational therapy. In order to overcome the difference between OTPF and ICF, it would be necessary to have much more researches of comparing widely OTPF and ICF from the perspective of occupational therapy.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.149-161
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• 2014

The export of domestic public services to overseas markets contains many potential obstacles, stemming from different export procedures, the target services, and socio-economic environments. In order to alleviate these problems, the business incubation platform as an open business ecosystem can be a powerful instrument to support the decisions taken by participants and stakeholders. In this paper, we propose an ontology model and its implementation processes for the business incubation platform with an open and pervasive architecture to support public service exports. For the conceptual model of platform ontology, export case studies are used for requirements analysis. The conceptual model shows the basic structure, with vocabulary and its meaning, the relationship between ontologies, and key attributes. For the implementation and test of the ontology model, the logical structure is edited using Prot$\acute{e}$g$\acute{e}$ editor. The core engine of the business incubation platform is the simulator module, where the various contexts of export businesses should be captured, defined, and shared with other modules through ontologies. It is well-known that an ontology, with which concepts and their relationships are represented using a shared vocabulary, is an efficient and effective tool for organizing meta-information to develop structural frameworks in a particular domain. The proposed model consists of five ontologies derived from a requirements survey of major stakeholders and their operational scenarios: service, requirements, environment, enterprise, and county. The service ontology contains several components that can find and categorize public services through a case analysis of the public service export. Key attributes of the service ontology are composed of categories including objective, requirements, activity, and service. The objective category, which has sub-attributes including operational body (organization) and user, acts as a reference to search and classify public services. The requirements category relates to the functional needs at a particular phase of system (service) design or operation. Sub-attributes of requirements are user, application, platform, architecture, and social overhead. The activity category represents business processes during the operation and maintenance phase. The activity category also has sub-attributes including facility, software, and project unit. The service category, with sub-attributes such as target, time, and place, acts as a reference to sort and classify the public services. The requirements ontology is derived from the basic and common components of public services and target countries. The key attributes of the requirements ontology are business, technology, and constraints. Business requirements represent the needs of processes and activities for public service export; technology represents the technological requirements for the operation of public services; and constraints represent the business law, regulations, or cultural characteristics of the target country. The environment ontology is derived from case studies of target countries for public service operation. Key attributes of the environment ontology are user, requirements, and activity. A user includes stakeholders in public services, from citizens to operators and managers; the requirements attribute represents the managerial and physical needs during operation; the activity attribute represents business processes in detail. The enterprise ontology is introduced from a previous study, and its attributes are activity, organization, strategy, marketing, and time. The country ontology is derived from the demographic and geopolitical analysis of the target country, and its key attributes are economy, social infrastructure, law, regulation, customs, population, location, and development strategies. The priority list for target services for a certain country and/or the priority list for target countries for a certain public services are generated by a matching algorithm. These lists are used as input seeds to simulate the consortium partners, and government's policies and programs. In the simulation, the environmental differences between Korea and the target country can be customized through a gap analysis and work-flow optimization process. When the process gap between Korea and the target country is too large for a single corporation to cover, a consortium is considered an alternative choice, and various alternatives are derived from the capability index of enterprises. For financial packages, a mix of various foreign aid funds can be simulated during this stage. It is expected that the proposed ontology model and the business incubation platform can be used by various participants in the public service export market. It could be especially beneficial to small and medium businesses that have relatively fewer resources and experience with public service export. We also expect that the open and pervasive service architecture in a digital business ecosystem will help stakeholders find new opportunities through information sharing and collaboration on business processes.

• The Mathematical Education
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• v.44 no.3 s.110
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• pp.457-475
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• 2005

We have inquired on what the statistical classes of the secondary schools had been aiming to, say the epistermlogical objects. And we now appreciate that the main obstacle to the systematic articulation is the lack of anticipation on what the statistical concepts are. This study focuses on the ingredients of the statistical concepts. Those are to be the ground of the systematic articulation of statistic courses, especially of the one for the school kids. Thus we required that those ingredients must satisfy the followings. i) directly related to the contents of statistics ii) psychologically developing iii) mutually exclusive each other as much as possible iv) exhaustive enough to cover all statistical concepts We examined what and how statisticians had been doing and the various previous views on these. After all we suggest the following three concepts are the core of conceptual developments of statistic, say the concept of distributions, the summarizing ability and the concept of samples. By the concepts of distributions we mean the frequency views on each random categories and that is developing from the count through the probability along ages. Summarizing ability is another important resources to embed his probe with the data set. It is not only viewed as a number but also to be anticipated as one reflecting a random phenomena. Inductive generalization is one of the most hazardous thing. Statistical induction is a scientific way of challenging this and this starts from distinguishing the chance with the inevitable consequences. One's inductive logic grows up along with one's deductive arguments, nevertheless they are different. The concept of samples reflects' one's view on the sample data and the way of compounding one's logic with the data within one's hypothesis. With these three in mind we observed Korean Statistic Curriculum from K to 12. Distributional concepts are dealt with throughout but not sequenced well. The way of summarization has been introduced in the 1 st, 5th, 7th and the 10th grade as a numerical value only. One activity on the concept of sample is given at the 6th grade. And it jumps into the statistical reasoning at the selective courses of ' Mathematics I ' or of ' Probability and Statistics ' in the grades of 11-12. We want to suggest further studies on the developing stages of these three conceptual features so as to obtain a firm basis of successive statistical articulation.

• Journal of the Korean School Mathematics Society
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.247-265
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• 2009

In the 21C information-based society, there is an increasing demand for emphasizing communication in mathematics education. Therefore the purpose of this study was to research how properties of communication among small group members varied by mathematical problem types. 8 fourth-graders with different academic achievements in a classroom were divided into two heterogenous small groups, four children in each group, in order to carry out a descriptive and interpretive case study. 4 types of problems were developed in the concepts and the operations of fractions and decimals. Each group solved four types of problems five times, the process of which was recorded and copied by a camcorder for analysis, among with personal and group activity journals and the researcher's observations. The following results have been drawn from this study. First, students showed simple mathematical communication in conceptual or procedural problems which require the low level of cognitive demand. However, they made high participation in mathematical communication for atypical problems. Second, even participation by group members was found for all of types of problems. However, there was active communication in the form of error revision and complementation in atypical problems. Third, natural or receptive agreement types with the mathematical agreement process were mainly found for conceptual or procedural problems. But there were various types of agreement, including receptive, disputable, and refined agreement in atypical problems.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.71-93
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• 2001

Commonly to design a database system. a conceptual database has to be designed and then it is transformed into a logical database schema prior to building a target database system. This paper proposes a method which transforms a Temporal Entity-Relationship Model(TERM) into a Temporal Object-Oriented Model(TOOM) to build an efficient database schema. I formalize the time concept in view of object versioning and specify the constraints required during transformation procedure. The proposed transformation method contributes to getting the logical temporal data from the conceptual temporal events Without any loss of semantics, Compared to other approaches of supporting various properties, this approach is more general and efficient because it is the semantically seamless transformation method by using the orthogonality of types of objects, semantics of relationships and constraints over roles.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.161-176
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• 2022

This study developed an MEA program to which the invention technique was applied and analyzed the conceptual change of students. The MEA activity applying the invention technique (TRIZ) was composed of the topic of making a paper electric circuit in the section 'Using electricity' presented in the 6th grade textbook. As a way to materialize ideas for problem solving, among the TRIZ techniques, division, integration, multi-purpose, overlapping, subtraction, and converse techniques were extracted and applied. The devised program consists of examining invention techniques (1st session), problem-solving (2nd and 3rd sessions), and expressing the problem-solving process (4th session). As a result of applying to 6th grade elementary school students, it was confirmed that the scientific concept of the experimental group participating in the MEA class to which the invention technique was applied was improved compared to the control group participating in the general class. As a result of calculating the scientific concept improvement index, the control group showed a low educational effect of 0.15, and the experimental group showed an intermediate educational effect of 0.69. This study is meaningful in that it suggests a specific way to graft invention education into science subjects.