• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.155-168
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• 1982

What is attempted here is to find out an optimum method for the design of physical environments that could save human energy expenditures and safely perform household duties. There are, if any, very little amount of research done in this area. This is particulary so when the work relates to the designing of household storage facilities in the light of the energy metabolism of human body. The first step to this study, therefore, is to find out the ways by which we can determine the energy metabolism of human body accurately. To measure the volume and the concentration of human respiration continuously and automatically, a new apparatus is selected here. This includes the recording system with the Wright Respirometer and the Expired Gas Analyzer as well as the computer system to multiply volume by concentration of human respiration and to integrate them for a given time. Then, the author experimented on the reliability of this apparatus and came to the conclusion that this apparatus satisfied our need to research the energy metabolism of human body. Next, the general plan and procedures to experiment with this apparatus have been determined as follows: 1) subjects are three young and sound females. Their physical characteristics are shown in Table 1 and most approximates the standard characteristics of Japanese females, 2) height of open shelves is selected in such away as to correspond to the respective height of each subject(see Table 2), 3) utensils to be stored are box shaped object, which weight is 0.5kg, 1.0kg, 2.0kg or 3.0kg, 4) working motions are given while one or two hands as to place utensil on each shelf from the standard working board, 85 cm in height and then to place back it on the board from the shelf and repeated in constant velocity as 10 times per a minute, 5) each posture of motion is chosen by each subject in free, 6) procedures of measurement of human energy metabolism ard shown at(6), 1, Section 3 as specific methods for using this apparatus. Findings of this study are as follows: 1. Human energy expenditures for storing utensils on shelves by each subject are shown in quantity more accurately than in any other studies, under varying conditions about height of shelves, load of utensils and working motion with one hand and two hands (see Fig. 8~13 and Table 3). 2. Experimental formulae of human energy expenditure for that work are shown as formula (8), (9) and (10), to generalize results of 1. and to apply those for working motion under given conditions. 3. As results of analysis on gained data, we are able to show the standard model of human energy expenditures for storing untensils on shelves by the standard Japanese female (see Table 7 and Fig. 14).

• Journal of KIISE:Information Networking
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.729-742
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• 2003

Mobile Communication has a possibility of eavesdropping by nature of wireless channel. It is known that eavesdropping of CDMA system is impossible because the voice data spreads with the PN. First of all, we show that it is possible to eavesdrop the CDMA channel by analysis of the forward channel in case that we know the ESN and the MIN. We can monitor the forward traffic channel with easy since ESN and MIN are exposed during the call processing in CDMA service in Korea. In this paper, we will show security weakness and propose an enhanced mechanism for CDMA service. We consider the problem of security in the CDMA service. CDMA system has wireless channels to transmit voice or data. By this reason, CDMA communication has a possibility of being eavesdropped by someone. It is known that eavesdropping in CDMA system is impossible because the voice data spreads with the PN. However, we can eavesdrop the CDMA data in FCM protocol in case that we know the ESN and the MIN. In CDMA system, ESN and MIN are exposed to the wireless channel. In this paper, we analyze the flow of the voice and signal in the CDMA system and monitor the forward traffic channel by the FCM protocol. The FCM protocol is proposed to monitor the forward channel in CDMA system. We can show the possibility of monitoring in one-way channel of CDMA system by the FCM protocol. The test instrument based on the FCM protocol is proposed to monitor the CDMA forward channel. We will show the system architecture of the test instrument to monitor the forward channel in CDMA.

• Journal of KIISE:Databases
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.494-511
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• 2001

In the environment that database management systems manage disk spaces for storing databases directly, this paper proposes a correct and efficient scheme of performing pending actions for the removal of database files. As for performing pending actions, upon performing recovery, the recovery process must identify unperformed pending actions of not-yet-terminated transactions and then perform those actions completely. Making the recovery process identify those actions through the analysis of log records in the log file is the basic idea of this paper. This scheme, as an extension of the execution of transactions, fuzzy checkpoint, and recovery of ARIES, uses the following methods: First, to identify not-yet-terminated transactions during recovery, transactions perform pending actions after writing 'pa_start'log records that signify both the commit of transactions and the start of executing pending actions, and then write 'eng'log records. Second, to restore pending-actions-lists of not-yet-terminated transactions during recovery, each transaction records its pending-actions-list in 'pa_start'log record and the checkpoint process records pending-actions-lists of transactions that are decided to be committed in 'end_chkpt'log record. Third, to identify the next pending action to perform during recovery, whenever a page is updated during the execution of pending actions, transactions record the information that identifies the next pending action to perform in the log record that has the redo information against the page.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.11
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• pp.7990-8000
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• 2015

Plant factories are plant cultivation systems which produce farm products uniformly under the controlled environmental condition regardless of seasons and places. Thermal flow in the plant factory is an important parameter in cultivating plants. In this research, we study thermal flow characteristics for a hybrid plant factory with multi-layer cultivation shelves using computer simulation techniques. In order to obtain numerical solutions for thermal flow characteristics, a finite volume method was applied. We consider a low-Reynolds-number ${\kappa}-{\epsilon}$ turbulence model, incompressible viscous flows, and pressure boundary conditions for numerical simulation. Commercial software Solid Works Flow Simulation is then used to investigate characteristics of thermal flows in the plant factory applying several different inflow air velocities and arrangements of cultivation shelves. From numerical analysis results, we found that temperatures in cultivation shelves were uniformly distributed for Case 3 when the inflow air velocity was 1.6 m/s by using a blower in the plant factory. However in Case 1 lower temperature distributions were observed in test beds, TB2 and TB3, which indicated that additional temperature control efforts would be required. Average shelf temperature increased by $3^{\circ}C$ using artificial light source (DYLED47) with 50% blue and 50% red LED ratios. Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.

• KIPS Transactions on Computer and Communication Systems
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.61-70
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• 2012

In this study we evaluate usefulness of InSciTe Advanced, technology opportunity service offering trends information related technologies by analyzing automatically large amount of data. Before developing the service, InSciTe Advanced, we design 5 main services - Trends and Predictions, Technology Levels, Relationship Paths, Roadmaps, Competitors and Collaborators - through the interviews with expert in planning R&D strategy. And we evaluate usefulness of each service in InSciTe Advanced to examine how the information analyzed by InSciTe Advanced are useful to user from two points of view, Satisfaction of Information and Completeness of Information. Users set a high value on 5 main services in all tis aspects, but give relative low grades to completeness of Information. We will learn lessons from this study, increase kinds and amount of data, and strengthen the process about accuracy and reliability of analyzed information from the service.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.17D no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2010

Association rule mining techniques enable us to acquire knowledge concerning sales patterns among individual items from voluminous transactional data. Certainly, one of the major purposes of association rule mining is utilizing the acquired knowledge to provide marketing strategies such as catalogue design, cross-selling and shop allocation. However, this requires too much time and high cost to only extract the actionable and profitable knowledge from tremendous numbers of discovered patterns. In currently available literature, a number of interest measures have been devised to accelerate and systematize the process of pattern evaluation. Unfortunately, most of such measures, including support and confidence, are prone to yielding impractical results because they are calculated only from the sales frequencies of items. For instance, traditional measures cannot differentiate between the purchases in a small basket and those in a large shopping cart. Therefore, some adjustment should be made to the size of market baskets because there is a strong possibility that mutually irrelevant items could appear together in a large shopping cart. Contrary to the previous approaches, we attempted to consider market basket's size in calculating interest measures. Because the devised measure assigns different weights to individual purchases according to their basket sizes, we expect that the measure can minimize distortion of results caused by accidental patterns. Additionally, we performed intensive computer simulations under various environments, and we performed real case analyses to analyze the correctness and consistency of the devised measure.

• KIPS Transactions on Computer and Communication Systems
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• v.8 no.12
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• pp.287-296
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• 2019

Due to the development and increased usage of Internet services such as IoT and cloud computing, a large number of packets are being generated on the Internet. In order to create a safe Internet environment, malicious data that may exist among these packets must be processed and detected quickly. In this paper, we apply MongoDB, which is specialized for unstructured data analysis and big data processing, to intrusion detection system for rapid processing of big data security events. In addition, building the intrusion detection system(IDS) using some of the private cloud resources which is the target of protection, elastic and dynamic reconfiguration of the IDS is made possible as the number of security events increase or decrease. In order to evaluate the performance of MongoDB - based IDS proposed in this paper, we constructed prototype systems of IDS based on MongoDB as well as existing relational database, and compared their performance. Moreover, the number of virtual machine has been increased to find out the performance change as the IDS is distributed. As a result, it is shown that the performance is improved as the number of virtual machine is increased to make IDS distributed in MongoDB environment but keeping the overall system performance unchanged. The security event input rate based on distributed MongoDB was faster as much as 60%, and distributed MongoDB-based intrusion detection rate was faster up to 100% comparing to the IDS based on relational database.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.15-27
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• 2007

In Korea, hepatoma is the thirdly frequent cause of death from cancer occupying 17.2% among the whole deaths from cancer and the rate of death from hepatoma comes to about 21's persons per one-hundred thousand ones. This paper proposes an automatic method for the extraction of areas being suspicious as hepatoma from a CT scan and evaluates the availability as an auxiliary tool for the diagnosis of hepatoma. For detecting tumors in the internal of the liver from CT scans, first, an area of the liver is extracted from about $45{\sim}50's$ CT scans obtained by scanning in 2.5-mm intervals starting from the lower part of the chest. In the extraction of an area of the liver, after unconcerned areas outside of the ribs being removed, areas of the internal organs are separated and enlarged by using intensity information of the CT scan. The area of the liver is extracted among separated areas by using information on position and morphology of the liver. Since hepatoma is a hypervascular turner, the area corresponding to hepatoma appears more brightly than the surroundings in contrast-enhancement CT scans, and when hepatoma shows expansile growth, the area has a spherical shape. So, for the extraction of areas of hepatoma, areas being brighter than the surroundings and globe-shaped are selected as candidate ones in an area of the liver, and then, areas appearing at the same position in successive CT scans among the candidates are discriminated as hepatoma. For the performance evaluation of the proposed method, experiment results obtained by applying the proposed method to CT scans were compared with the diagnoses by radiologists. The evaluation results showed that all areas of the liver and liver tumors were extracted exactly and the proposed method has a high availability as an auxiliary diagnosis tools for the discrimination of liver tumors.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.6 no.5
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• pp.346-355
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• 1997

In this paper, the analyses of the stress disturibution and frequency characteristics of silicon microstructures for an accelerometer were performed using the general purpose finite element simulation program, ANSYS. From the analyses, we determined the parameter values of a new 6-beam piezoresistive accelerometer applicable to the accelerometer's specification in airbag system of automobile. Then, the mass paddle radius, beam length, beam width, and beam thickness of the designed accelerometer were$500{\mu}m$, $350{\mu}m$, $100{\mu}m$, and $5{\mu}m$, respectively and two different seismic masses with 0.4 mg and 0.8 mg were defined on the same sensor structure. The designed 6- beam accelerometers were fabricated on the selectively diffused (111)-oriented $n/n^{+}/n$ silicon substrates and the characteristics of the fabricated accelerometers were investigated. Then, we used a micromachining technique using porous silicon etching method for the formation of the micromechanical structure of the accelerometer.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.95-106
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• 2014

This research analyzed biosignals associated with the change of emotion from lighting felt by the occupants and task type under various indoor thermal environments and illuminance, and examined the biosignals' impacts on work. To this end, the indoor thermal environment was constructed on the basis of PMV (predicted mean vote) index value, and various indoor environments were created by changing the brightness of LED stands. In this manner, a variety of indoor environments were constructed, and experiments were carried out. This research evaluates the sensibility response to lighting through a questionnaire survey in the given environment and incorporates different types of error searches. In this way, changes were analyzed by measuring electroencephalogram (EEG) and electrocardiograms (ECG). As a result, all biosignals on the task type showed significant differences from the thermal environment change. When PMV index value was 0.8 (temperature: $25^{\circ}C$, humidity: 50 %), concentration and attention were the most activated. However, the biosignals did not show significant differences from the illuminance change. Concentration on an occupant's work capability was confirmed to be closely related to the thermal environment. As for the subjective emotional response to lighting, the occupants felt comfort as illuminance was lower, while they felt discomfort as illuminance was higher. However, there were no significant differences from the thermal environment change.