• KIEAE Journal
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.99-104
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• 2012

In event of selecting construction materials, taking ones found easily around make embodied energy saved. The earth construction could be an eco-friendly engineering from a views of keeping the embodied energy. The pour earth method construction, as one of earth constructions, improves liquidity of earth-mixed properties to build walls or foundations. This study is aimed at evaluating possibilities as to machinery constructions using pumping cars or excavators to be applied on natural non-dried earth which are purchased from sites neighboring to subject building. The study showed that the pumping car used construction was smoothly carried out without any remarkable difficulties and further, a compressed strength was found to keep a certain degree to possibly construct low-story buildings. However, it showed some different levels as to a compressed strength by locations of buildings. In the construction course, we couldn't use remicon plants or a remicon due to field conditions and we are forced to take excavators in compounding or mixing works. But, it is evaluated that actually liquidity or compressed strength will be better than in case of using machineries like remicon plants. These results make us determine that the wall construction using machineries is possible.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.65-74
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• 2013

Recently, greenery system is frequently applied on buildings and artificial grounds to improve urban ecological functionality. Specifically, architectural greenery is also known as an architectural language that can meet the sustainable design concept of architects. Although the architectural greenery system can be optimized through an interdisciplinary approach between architecture, horticulture and landscape- architecture, there is a problem of communication on the ideal gap between them. Therefore, this study is expected to establish the comtemporary architecture as hi-tech and the organic architecture in internationalism. Moreover, it can analyze the case study on architectural greenery system designed by a Pritzker Prize winner who represents the comtemporary architectural trend. In this analysis, we calculate and compare the U-value of the free-form surface system based on the international standards: ISO and CIBSE etc. Moreover, we calculate a change of artificial soil transmittance respect on compounding ratio of the bottom ash and pearlite. In the case of California Academy of Science by Renzo Piano, total transmittance of the greenery system results in 48% of domestic thermal insulation standard in dry condition. This result will be used as a basic study to promote developing the advanced system based on the concept of consilience.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.426-433
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• 2009

This study investigates the tensile and morphological properties of nanocomposites prepared from poly(lactic acid) (PLA), wood flour (WF) and montmorillonite (MMT) by melt compounding with a twin screw extruder. In order to enhance the mechanical properties of PLA/WF composites, maleic anhydride grafted PLA (MAPLA) is synthesized as a compatibilizer. MAPLA prepared in the laboratory is characterized using FT-IR (Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy). From the results of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis for nanocomposites, we confirmed that silicate layers of MMT are intercalated and partially exfoliated. When 2 wt% MAPLA is added, the tensile strength and modulus of PLA/WF/MAPLA composites were higher than those of the PLA/WF composite. The addition of MMT increases the tensile modulus of PLA/WF/MAPLA composites but decreases the tensile strength.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.434-439
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• 2009

This study investigates the thermal properties of nanocomposites prepared from poly(lactic acid) (PLA), wood flour (WF) and montmorillonite (MMT) by melt compounding with a twin screw extruder. In order to enhance the mechanical properties of PLA/WF composites, maleic anhydride grafted PLA (MAPLA) is synthesized as a compatibilizer. MAPLA prepared in the laboratory is characterized using FR-IR. From SEM microphotographs, the presence of MAPLA has a positive effect on the mechanical properties of WF-reinforced PLA composites. The addition of WF/MAPLA into neat PLA increased the glass transition temperature ($T_g$). The addition of 1 to 5 wt% MMT into PLA/WF/MAPLA composite decreases the $T_g$. The cold crystallization temperature ($T_{cc}$) was decreased by the addition of MMT. The MMT could act as effective nucleating sites of PLA crystallization. The thermal stability evaluated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) is improved with the contents of MMT up to 3 wt%.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제9권9호
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• pp.3701-3720
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• 2015

A system for the recognition of machine printed Arabic script is proposed. The Arabic script is shared by three languages i.e., Arabic, Urdu and Farsi. The three languages have a descent amount of vocabulary in common, thus compounding the problems for identification. Therefore, in an ideal scenario not only the script has to be differentiated from other scripts but also the language of the script has to be recognized. The recognition process involves the segregation of Arabic scripted documents from Latin, Han and other scripted documents using horizontal and vertical projection profiles, and the identification of the language. Identification mainly involves extracting connected components, which are subjected to Principle Component Analysis (PCA) transformation for extracting uncorrelated features. Later the traditional K-Nearest Neighbours (KNN) algorithm is used for recognition. Experiments were carried out by varying the number of principal components and connected components to be extracted per document to find a combination of both that would give the optimal accuracy. An accuracy of 100% is achieved for connected components >=18 and Principal components equals to 15. This proposed system would play a vital role in automatic archiving of multilingual documents and the selection of the appropriate Arabic script in multi lingual Optical Character Recognition (OCR) systems.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 1998년도 Proceedings of International Symposium on Remote Sensing
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• pp.280.2-286
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• 1998

Flood is the main natural disaster mostly in the world. It is a care problem to prevent flood disaster generally. The frequency of flood disaster is high and the distributing field is wide, the 50 percent population and 70 percent properties distribute at the threaten field of flood disaster in China. Flood disaster has caused a huge amount of economical losses and these losses have an increasing trend. Along with the development of reducing natural disaster action, it has become one of the most attentive problems for monitoring flood, preventing flood and forecasting flood efficiently. Remote sensing has the characteristics of large spatial observing areas, wide spectrum ranges, and imaging far away from the targets, imaging capabilities all weather. Spatial remote sensing information, which records the full, processes of the disaster's occurrence and development in real-time. It is a scientific basis for management, planning and decision-making. Through systemic analyzing the RS monitoring theory, based on compounding RS information, the technology and method of monitoring flood disaster are studied.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.145-151
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• 2012

Polymer alloys of poly(ethylene terephthalate)(PET) and nylon6(PA6) which were not miscible each other by themselves were successfully prepared through melt compounding using a twin-screw extruder by utilizing epoxy as reactive compatibilizer. At the epoxy(DGEBA) amount of 0.5~2wt%, the domain size(average diameter) of the discontinuous phase could be reduced up to 0.2${\mu}m$ from 1-5${\mu}m$ that of the simple blend without epoxy. The reaction was presumed to happen mostly at interphase from the result of maximum increase of melt viscosity at the middle range of PET/PA6 blend ratio. It is expected that alloy fibers of PET/epoxy/PA6 with enough mechanical strength for use can be prepared.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.81-92
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• 2017

This research was studied to optimize the recipe of rice pound cake with two concentrations of Euonymus alatus and grape seed oil, using central composite design (CCD). The mixing condition of rice pound cake was optimized by subjecting it to sensory evaluation and mechanical and physicochemical analysis, using response surface methodology (RSM). The results of the mechanical and physicochemical analysis showed significant values for color (lightness, redness, yellowness), texture (hardness, springiness, chewiness, gumminess, cohesiveness), loss rate, volume, specific volume, sweetness, saltiness, moisture content and pH (p<0.05). The results of the sensory evaluation showed significant values for color, flavor, taste, softness, appearance and overall quality (p<0.05). As a result, the optimized compounding ratio was found to be 4.28 g of Euonymus alatus and 33.18 g of grape seed oil.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.47-53
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• 1985

Correlation among the wax-pigment composites which is base vehicles for the crepas was investigated in terms of fadeness. The base wax synthesized and pigments are compounded with petroleum lubricant and exposed under carbon arc individually. The yellowing phenomenon was appeared on the reference papers coated with the spindle oil which was then exposed. The papers were again extracted with distilled water and pH of them were ranged between 6.2-6.5. Color difference from Adam-Nickerson equation, ${\vartriangle}E$ of base wax is 0.15 and that of spindle oil are varied from 0.66 to 15.62. Since the main components of the petroleum lubricant are aromatic hydrocarbons which have absorptions characteric of UV ranging from 240 to 280 nm, fadeness characteristics of the composites are largely depend upon the change of molecular structure of spindle oil by absorbing UV. Thus the spindle oil having the following physical properties has the better resistance of fadness and is recommended to use in compounding the base wax-pigment composites: ${\cdot}$ main component: paraffinic hydrocarbon ${\cdot}$ pour point: below - $15^{\circ}C$ ${\cdot}$ UV absorption characteristics: ${\lambda}max.$ : 268-290nm ${\cdot}$ absorbancy: below 0.1(0.03ml of sample/50ml of $CHCl_3$)

• Elastomers and Composites
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.11-19
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• 1987

A coil pyrolyzer and processor-controlled gas chromatograph were used for analysis of rubber for compounding ratio of the single and blend rubber vlucanizates. Variables such as sample size, pyrolysis temperature, time allowed for pyrolysis, the column packing material, its length and programmable temperature for gas chromatography were examined to obtain optimum condition for application to NR, BR and SBR blends. By application fixed conditions, three kinds of standard curves were finally obtained from thirty samples of blend vulcanizates which were prepared in the pilot plant, NIRI. It is possible to determine rubber composition and their ratio in NR, BR and SBR products by pyrolysis.