• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.143-150
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• 2006

Oriental pear was used as treatment of asthma, control of blood pressure tonic medicine diabetes in oriental medicine, Pear Pectin was effective on control of blood pressure in previous report. In this study, it was investigated that Woohwang with pear extractions effects on cardiovascular system as blood pressure and renin and Atrial natriuretic peptide(ANP) in plasma. The 2K1C hypertension model was prepared by constricting the left renal artery with a sliver dip. Animals were then divided into three groups, control, Woowhang:Pear Phenolic compound(1:1), Woowhang:Pear Phenolic compound(2:1),Woowhang:Pear Phenolic compound(1:2) were supplied with them. Direct-blood pressure was measured at femoral vein, Indirect-blood pressure was measured at rodent tail. The results are as follows. The blood pressure was more significantly decreased at 1:2(woohwang:pear phenolic compound)group than other groups. On 6,9,12,15days, the blood pressure was significantly decreased in 1:2(woohwang:pear phenolic compound)group. The plasma ANP was significantly increased in 1:2(woohwang:pear phenolic compound)group. It tenders to decrease in 1:2(woohwang:pear phenolic compound)group on plasma renin. Based on the above results it is assumed that oral administration of Woohwang with Pear Phenolic compound(1:2) can help the treatment of hypertension.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.9-14
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• 2003

When ginsenosides Rbl, Rb2, and Rc were anaerobically incubated with commercial and human intestinal lactic acid bacteria, most commercial lactic acid bacteria did not metabolize these ginsenosides to compound K. However, lactic acid bacteria, B. minimum KK-1, Bifidobacterium cholerium KK-2, and B. cuniculi K-513, isolated from human intestinal microflora transformed these ginsensosides to compound K. When the bacterial mixtures of commercial lactic acid bacteria were incubated with these ginsenosides, these compounds were not transfformed to compound K. However, when Bzfidobacterium KK-1 and KX-2 were miked, these ginsenosides were synergistically transformed to compound K. When water extract of ginseng was incubated with these mixed bifidobacteria, compound K was potently produced. Therefore, it is suggested that, if ginseng with these mixed bifidobacteria is fermented, compound K-enforced ginseng materials could be produced that show cytotoxicity against tumor cell lines.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.282-288
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• 1995

The sutdies were carried out to evaluate the consituents in the rihzomes of the cultivated Korean Rhubarb (Polygonaceae). From the acetone fraction ofl methanol extract Compound I (1, 8-dihydroxy-3-methyl anthraquinone, chrysophanic acid), Compound II($chrysophanol-8-O-{\beta}-D-glucopyranoside$), Compound III ($emodin-8-O-{\beta}-D-glucopyranoside$) and Compound IV ($aloe-emodin-8-O-{\beta}-D-glucopyranoside$), and from the ether fraction Compound V(1, 8-dihydorxy-3-emthyl-6-methoxy anthraquinone, physcion) and Compound VI (1, 6, 8-thitydroxy-3-emthyl anthrauinone, emodin), and also from the n-buthanol fraction Compound VII ($rhapontigenin-3-O-{\beta}-D-glucopyranoside, rhaponticin$) and Compound VIII ($piceatannol-3'-O-{\beta}-D-glucopyranoside$), were isolated and identified on the basis of their physico-chemical and spectroscopic evidences (UV, IR, H-NMR, C-NMR, EI-MS), respectively.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.143-148
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• 1997

From the root of Symplocarpus renifolius, four compounds were isolated and their structure was elucidated by chemical and spectroscopic methods. They were identified as ${\beta}-sitosterol$ (compound 1), asparagine (compound 2), isocorydine (compound 3) and 3-hydroxymethyl-4-phenyl phenoxy carboxylic acid glucopyranosyl ester (compound 4). These compounds were firstly isolated from roots of Symplocarpus renifolius. Compound 4 was identified as a new compound, named as symplocarposide.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Heat Treatment
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.289-301
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• 1995

The effect of Air/$C_3H_8$ gas addition on the compound layer growth of steels nitrocarburised in $NH_3+Air+C_3H_8$ mixed gas atmospheres was investigated. It is considered that amount of residual $NH_3$ was varied according to alternation of Air/$C_3H_8$ mixing ratio and volume content. The compound layer formed from nitrocarburising was composed of ${\varepsilon}-Fe_{2-3}$(C, N) and ${\gamma}^{\prime}-Fe_4$(C, N). According as Air/$C_3H_8$ mixing ratio increased, the superficial content of ${\gamma}^{\prime}-Fe_4$(C, N) within the compound layer was increased, at the same time the growth rate of compound layer and porous layer was increased. In the case of alloy steel at the fixed gas composition, the growth rate of compound layer and porous layer was worse than carbon steel and compound layer phase composition structure primarily consisted of E phase. As the carbon content of materials was increasing in the given gas atmospheres, the growth rate of compound layer and porous layer was increased and the superficial content of ${\varepsilon}-Fe_{2-3}$(C, N) within the compound layer was increased.

• International Journal of Automotive Technology
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• v.6 no.5
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• pp.501-506
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• 2005

With the respective collapse characteristics of aluminum and CFRP (Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastics) tubes in mind, axial collapse tests were performed for aluminum/CFRP compound tubes, which are composed of square or circular shaped aluminum tubes wrapped with CFRP outside. In this study, the collapse modes and the energy absorption characteristics were analyzed for aluminum/CFRP compound tubes which have different fiber orientation angle of CFRP. Fracture modes in the aluminum/CFRP compound tubes were rather stable than those in the CFRP tubes alone, probably due to the ductile nature of the inner aluminum tubes. The absorbed energy per unit volume of the aluminum or the aluminum/CFRP compound tubes was higher than that of CFRP tubes. Meanwhile, the absorbed energy per unit mass, for the light-weight design aspect was higher in the aluminum/CFRP compound tubes than in the aluminum tubes or the CFRP tubes. The energy absorption turned out to be higher in circular tubes than in square tubes. Beside the collapse modes and the energy absorption characteristics were influenced by the orientation angle, and the compound tubes took the most effective energy absorption when the fiber orientation angle of CFRP was 90 degrees.

• Mycobiology
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.256-261
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• 2014

A ${\beta}$-glucosidase producing yeast strain was isolated from Korean traditional rice wine. Based on the sequence of the YCL008c gene and analysis of the fatty acid composition, the isolate was identified as Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain HJ-014. S. cerevisiae HJ-014 produced ginsenoside Rd, $F_2$, and compound K from the ethanol extract of red ginseng. The production was increased by shaking culture, where the bioconversion efficiency was increased 2-fold compared to standing culture. The production of ginsenoside $F_2$ and compound K was time-dependent and thought to proceed by the transformation pathway of: red ginseng extract ${\rightarrow}Rd{\rightarrow}F_2{\rightarrow}$ compound K. The optimum incubation time and concentration of red ginseng extract for the production of compound K was 96 hr and 4.5% (w/v), respectively.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.247-253
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• 2013

The enzyme-like catalytic functions of metal complex phthalocyanine derivatives those containing carboxylic acid groups could be applied as odor-removing systems and antibacterial systems. Pyromellitic dianhydride and 4-nitrophthalimide were used as starting material for synthesizing dinitro-tetracarboxylic acid iron phthalocyanine(compound 1). Then diamino-tetracarboxylic phthalocyanine(compound 2) was obtained by reduction of compound 1. For the formation of covalent bond with cellulose fiber, cyanuric chloride was introduced to the amino group of compound 2 by condensation reaction compound 3. The exhaustion method was employed for adsorbing compound 3 on cotton fiber. K/S values of each fabrics were measured by a CCM system and deodorizing rates were tested by a detector tube method for ammonia gas. K/S values of treated cotton fiber with compound 3 were arranged from 2.1 to 4.2 at $90^{\circ}C$ of exhaustion temperature. Deodorizing rates provided result of 81%, 84%, 88%, 91%, by passing time of 30 min, 60 min, 90 min, 120 min, respectively.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.395-402
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• 1998

Mori Cortex Radicis, the root bark of mulberry tree, has been used in the treatment of bronchial asthma and other lung diseases in traditional medicine. There was a recent repor t that the water soluble part with molecular weight of above 10,000 has anti-allergic activity. Therefore, we intended to isolate and purify the anti-allergic compound from hot water extract of the Mori Cortex Radicis. Crude extract of Mori Cortex Radicis was prepared by hot-water extraction, and anti-allergic compound was further purified by alcohol precipitation, successive ultrafiltration, anion exchange chromatography and gel filtration chromatography. This compound had homogeneity which was shown by the sharp single peak in HPLC chromatogram (TSK-GEL G400OPW column, RI detector). The molecular weight of the compound was estimated as 23Kda on the basis of calibration curve plotted against protein standards. This compound was identified as complex of sugar, protein and lignin (19.2: 5.9: 72.7), and proteolysis could not decrease the anti-allergic activity but mild delignification decreased the activity remarkably. Therefore, we concluded that the anti-allergic compound of Mori Cortex Radicis was a lignin-carbohydrate complex.

• Mycobiology
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.31-36
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• 2009

A phytochemical study on the flower of Calotropis gigantea (Linn.) using silica gel column chromatography and preparative thin layer chromatography, led to the first time isolation of Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (compound 1) and anhydrosophoradiol-3-acetate (compound 2). The structures of these compounds were confirmed by spectroscopic analyses (IR, HRTOFMS and NMR). The antibacterial and antifungal activities of ethyl acetate extract, compound 1 and compound 2 were measured using the disc diffusion method. Ethyl acetate extract and compound 1 presented better results than compound 2. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the extract and compounds were found to be in the range of $16{\sim}128{\mu}g/ml$. The cytotoxicity ($LC_{50}$) against brine shrimp nauplii (Artemia salina) were also evaluated and found to be 14.61 ${\mu}g/ml$ for ethyl acetate, 9.19 ${\mu}g/ml$ for compound 1 and 15.55 ${\mu}g/ml$ for compound 2.