• Title/Summary/Keyword: components drawing

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A Study on Development of Combined Drawing Process for Automotive Cowl Cross Bar with Variable Diameters (가변직경을 갖는 자동차용 카울크로스바의 복합인발공정 개발에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, H.S.;Youn, J.W.
    • Transactions of Materials Processing
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    • v.18 no.7
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    • pp.538-543
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    • 2009
  • The cowl cross bar of an automobile is a frame component that is installed inside the cockpit module to provide a guide surface, to which functional components for electricity and air condition are attached. In the recent years, the geometries of cowl cross bars are getting more complex in order to meet the demands of a wide variety of embedded functional components and the reduced weight of frame parts with enhanced mechanical and noise/vibration characteristics. There for, welding processes between tubes with different diameters are widely conducted while the welded parts are experiencing various problems such as undermined appearance, low production efficiency and poor mechanical characteristics. Therefore, this paper seeks to develop an one-piece forming process which eliminate welding process for the cowl cross bar by applying the tube drawing process. However, it was predicted that a conventional tube drawing can not be applied directly to the current part since the area reduction ratio of the drawing process reaches 51.7% which exceeds the general limiting value. Therefore, in this study, a combined drawing process which adds a compressive force to a tensile force of the conventional drawing process was proposed and 2-stage drawing process was designed by using CAE analyses. In addition, drawing tryouts were carried out by using the manufactured combined drawing machine in order to verify the designed process.

Geometric CAD Watermarking System Using Line, Arc, Circle Components in Architectural Design Drawings

  • Jang, Bong-Ju;Lee, Suk-Hwan;Kwon, Ki-Ryong;Moon, Kwang-Seok
    • Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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    • v.10 no.12
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    • pp.1601-1611
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    • 2007
  • In this paper, we presented geometric CAD watermarking scheme for Architectural design drawings using line, arc, and circle components to prevent infringement of copyright from unlawfulness reproductions and distribution. The conventional CAD watermarking scheme can be applied to both line and arc components. But the proposed scheme consists of line, arc and circle watermarking schemes for three basic components of CAD design. After extracting line, arc and circle components from designed drawing, the watermark is embedded into the length of Line component, the angle of arc component, and the radius of circle component considering the robustness against various geometric transformations. The embedding strengths in each component are determined to be preserving the transparency of the watermark. By experimental result, we confirmed the robustness and the invisibility of embedded watermarks in several conversions of architectural design drawing.

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Digital Watermarking for Copyright Protection of 3-D CAD Design Drawing Based on Vector Data Using Digital Watermarking

  • Kwon, Ki-Ryong;Lee, Suk-Hwan;Park, Seung-Seob;Jeong, Tai-Il
    • Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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    • v.9 no.12
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    • pp.1596-1606
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    • 2006
  • There has been more increased the development of 3D technique since many 3D contents of 3D graphic model, 3D mobile/computer game, and 3D CAD have been serviced in Web or industry fields. Therefore, the watermarking system is more required to protect the copyright for 3D contents. Currently there has been researched about the watermarking for 3D graphic model of mesh or NURBS. However, watermarking technique based on CAD design drawing leaves something to be desired yet. This paper proposed the watermarking technique for 3D CAD design drawing using Line and Arc components. After drawing out Line and Arc components from designed drawing, we embed the watermark into both the length of Line component and the radius of Arc component. Experimental results verified that the proposed algorithm satisfies the transparency about watermarked drawing and also has the robustness against several attacks by using public CAD tool.

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An Experimental Approach and Finite Element Analysis on Rectangular Cup Drawing Process of Milli-Component Forming (소형부품의 사각 컵 드로잉 성형 해석에 관한 실험적 연구)

  • 구태완;강범수
    • Transactions of Materials Processing
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    • v.10 no.6
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    • pp.471-477
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    • 2001
  • Milli-structure components are classified as a component group whose size is between macro and micro scales, that is, about smaller than 20mm and larger than 1mm. The forming of these components has a typical phenomenon of bulk deformation with thin sheets because of the forming size. In this study, milli-structure rectangular cup drawing is analyzed and measured using the finite element method and experiments. Special containers or cases of cellular phone vibrator to save installation space are produced by rectangular-shaped drawing. A systematic approach is established for the design and the experiment of the forming processes for rectangular milli-structure cases. To verify the simulation results, the experimental investigations were also carried out on a real industrial product. The numerical analysis by FEM shows good agreement with the experimental results in view of the deformation shape of the product.

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A Watermarking Scheme of CAD Design Drawing Based on Line, Arc, and Polygon Face Components for Copyright Protection (저작권 보호를 위한 선, 호 및 다각형면 성분 기반의 CAD 설계도면의 워터마킹 기법)

  • Moon, Kwang-Seok;Lee, Suk-Hwan;Kwon, Seong-Geun;Kwon, Ki-Ryong
    • Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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    • v.10 no.5
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    • pp.594-603
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    • 2007
  • This paper proposes a watermarking scheme for 3D CAD design drawing. In the proposed scheme, we embed binary watermarks into line, arc, and polygon face components that are the basic component of 3D CAD design drawing. The embedding target component can be selected randomly among three components or by the component distribution in drawing. In line components, a watermark bit is embedded into the ratio of the length of a target line and an average length of lines that are connected into a target line. Furthermore, a watermark bit is embedded into a curvature radius on the basis of a center point in a arc component and also is embedded into a ratio of two sides in a polygonal face component. Experimental results verified that the proposed watermarking has the robustness against Format conversion, rotation translation, scaling, cropping, and layer cutting and also SNR of watermarked component is about 39.89-42.50 dB.

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An Algorithm for Drawing Metabolic Pathways based on Structural Characteristics (구조적 특징에 기반한 대사 경로 드로잉 알고리즘)

  • 이소희;송은하;이상호;박현석
    • Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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    • v.31 no.10
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    • pp.1266-1275
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    • 2004
  • Bioinformatics is concerned with the creation and development of advanced information and computational technologies for problems in biology. It is divided into genomics, proteomics and metabolimics. In metabolimics, an organism is represented by metabolic pathway, i.e., well-displayed graph, and so the graph drawing tool to draw pathway well is necessary to understand it comprehensively. In this paper, we design an improved drawing algorithm. It enhances the readability by making use of the bipartite graph. Also it is possible to draw large graph properly by considering the facts that metabolic pathway graph is scale-free network and is composed of circular components, hierarchic components and linear components.

Process Design for Deep Drawing of High Precision Rectangular Battery Case used in Cellular Phone (휴대폰용 초정밀 사각 밧데리 케이스의 ???K드로잉 공정설계)

  • Kim H. J.;Ku T. W.;Kang B. S.
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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    • 2000.10a
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    • pp.97-100
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    • 2000
  • Today deep drawing and ironing are the major process in manufacturing of battery case used in cellular phone from aluminum. The same technology is utilized in manufacturing of steel or aluminum cans for components of medical instrument, portable PC, walkman and so on. Most of these processes require multi-stage ironing following the deep drawing and redrawing processes. The practical aspects of this technology are well known and gained through extensive experiment and production know-how. However, the fundamental aspects of theses processes are relatively less known. Thus, it is expected that process simulations using FEM techniques would provide additional detailed information that could be utilized to improve the process condition. This paper illustrates the application of process modeling to deep drawing and redrawing operations for High Precision Rectangular Battery Case. A commercially avaliable finite element code LS-DYNA3D was used to simulate deep drawing and redrawing operations.

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A Study on the Drawability of Rectangular Deep Drawing of Sheet Metal using Local Heating (국부가열을 이용한 박판의 사각통 디이프 드로잉 성형에 관한 연구)

  • 박동환;김창호;강성수
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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    • 1995.04b
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    • pp.209-214
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    • 1995
  • This paper describes that the effects of punch speed and temperatures of the die and the blank holder on the drawability are examined. Up to now, multi-stage of dies sets have been used generally at room temperature in deep drawing of rectangular shaped components. But using local heating, it is shown that one stage of die set was capable of deep drawing and the drawability was increased and sheet thickness of component was drawn somewhat uniformly. Rectangular deep drawing experiments on two kinds of stainless steel STS316L, STS430 of 1.0 mm thickness have been conducted using local heating. The limiting drawing height can be increased by heating the die and the blank holder up to 100 .deg. C at STS316L. Commercial lubricants hadn't an effect on drawability in rectangular deep drawing, but vinyl and teflon film had an effect on it.

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A Experimental Study and FE Analysis of the Forming Process with Milli-Component Forming (미세 성형 부품의 성형 공정 해석 및 실험)

  • Ku T. W.;Kang B. S.;Oh S. I.
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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    • 2001.05a
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    • pp.235-238
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    • 2001
  • Milli-structure components are classified as a component group whose size is between macro and micro scales, that is, about less than 20mm and larger than 1mm. The forming of these components has a typical phenomenon of bulk deformation with thin sheets because of the forming size. In this study, milli-structure rectangular cup drawing is analyzed and measured using the finite element method and experiment. Generally, milli-structure containers or cases like cellular phone vibrator consist of rectangular-shaped drawing to save installation space. A systematic approach is established for the design and the experiment of the forming processes for rectangular milli-structure cases. To verify the simulation results, the experimental investigations were also carried out on a real industrial product. The numerical analysis by FEM shows good agreement with the experimental results in view of the deformation shape of the product.

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An Experimental Approach of Milli-Structure Sheet Metal Forming (미세 박판 성형 특성에 대한 실험적 연구)

  • Ku, T.W.;Kang, B.S.
    • Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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    • 2001.06a
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    • pp.471-476
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    • 2001
  • Milli-structure components ate classified as a component group whose size is between macro and micro scales, that is, about less than 20mm and larger than 1mm. The forming of these components has a typical phenomenon of bulk deformation with thin sheets because of the forming size. In this study, milli-structure rectangular cup drawing is analyzed and measured using the finite element method and experiment. Generally, milli-structure containers or cases like cellular phone vibrator consist of rectangular-shaped drawing to save installation space. A systematic approach is established for the design and the experiment of the forming processes for rectangular milli-structure cases. To verify the simulation results, the experimental investigations were also carried out on a real industrial product. The numerical analysis by FEM shows good agreement with the experimental results in view of the deformation shape of the product.

  • PDF