• Journal of Korean Port Research
• /
• v.10 no.2
• /
• pp.17-29
• /
• 1996

It is required to consider pricing and non-pricing factors and external economy in order to achieve the objects of physical distribution system in a port. Recently, among the three factors, much attention has been paid to non-pricing factor in the system. Although physical distribution service in a port(PDSP)has been frequently mentioned in documents and literature related to port and shipping studies, few study on it has not been systematically and scientifically made due to the following problems; $\circ$ there are not proper criteria to evaluate level and quality of PDSP and as a result it is difficult to set up a unified standard for doing so. $\circ$ algorithms to evaluate problems with complex and ambiguous attributes and multiple levels in PDSP are not available. This thesis aims to establish a paradigm to evaluate PDSP and to abvance existing decision making methods to deal with complex and ambiguous problems in PDSP. To tackle the first purpose, extensive and thorough literature survey was carried out on general physical distribution service, which is a corner stone to handle PDSp. In addition, through interviews and questionnaire to the expert, it have extracted 82 factors of physical distribution service in a port. They have been classified into 6 groups by KJ method and each group defined by the expert's advice as follows; a. Potentiality b. Exactness c. safety d. Speediness e. Convenience f. Linkage Prior to the service evaluation, many kinds of its attributes must be identified on the basis of rational decision owing to complexity and ambiguity inherent in PDSP. An analytical hierarchy process (AHP) is a method to evaluate them but it is not applicable to PDSP that have property of non-additivity and overlapped attributes. Therefore, probablility measure can not be used to evaluate PDSP but fuzzy measure is required. Hierarchical fuzzy integral method, which is merged AHP with fuzzy measure, is also not effective method to evaluate attributes because it has vary complicated way to calculate fuzzy measure identification coefficient of attributes. A new evaluation algorithm has been introduced to solve problems with multi-attribute and multi-level hierarchy, which is called hierarchy fuzzy process(HFP).Analysis on ambiguous aspects of PDSP under study which is not easy to be defined is prerequisite to evaluate it. HFP is different from algorithm existed in that it clarified the relationship between fuzzy measure and probability measure adopted in AHP and that it directly calculates the family of fuzzy measure from overlapping coefficient and probability measure to treat and evaluate ambiguous and complex aspects of PDSP. A new evaluation algorithm HFP was applied to evaluate level of physical distribution service in the biggest twenty container port in the world. The ranks of the ports are as follows; 1. Rotterdam Port, 2. Hamburg Port, 3. Singapore Port, 4. Seattle Port, 5. Yokohama Port, 6. Long beach Port, 7. Oakland Port, 8. Tokyo Port, 9. Hongkong Port, 10. Kobe Port, 11. Los Angeles Port, 12. New york Port, 13. Antwerp Port, 14. Felixstowe Port, 15. Bremerhaven Port, 16. Le'Havre Port, 17. Kaoshung Port, 18. Killung Port, 19. Bangkok Port, 20. Pusan Port

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
• /
• v.4 no.11
• /
• pp.2874-2890
• /
• 1997

This paper describes a methodology for translation of concurrent software expressed in operating system (OS) calls to Ada. Concurrency is expressed in some legacy software by OS calls that perform concurrent process/task control. Examples considered in this paper are calls in programs in C to Unix and calls in programs in CMS-2 to the Executive Service Routines of ATES or SDEX-20 other software re/reverse engineering research has focused on translating the OS calls in a legacy software to calls to another OS. In this approach, the understanding of software has required knowledge of the underlying OS, which is usually very complicated and informally documented. The research in this paper has focused on translating the OS calls in a legacy software into the equivalent protocols using the Ada facilities. In translation to Ada, these calls are represented by Ada equivalent code that follow the scheme of a message-based kernel oriented architecture. To facilitate translation, it utilizes templates placed in library for data structures, tasks, procedures, and messages. This methodology is a new approach to modeling OS in Ada in software re/reverse engineering. There is no need of knowledge of the underlying OS for software understanding in this approach, since the dependency on the OS in the legacy software is removed. It is portable and interoperable on Ada run-time environments. This approach can handle the OS calls in different legacy software systems.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
• /
• v.6 no.2
• /
• pp.485-496
• /
• 1999

Comparing with sequential programming, parallel programming has additional complexity due to the consideration of parallelism, communication and synchronization of processes. A synergism between users and compliers should be established, each assisting the other to produce high quality parallel programs. On the above underlying philosophy, we developed a parallel Object-Oriented specification language, POOSL, as preliminary works. However, it is still likely to hard for users to write parallel program because users have to consider grammar of POOSL and to write text-based parallel program. It would be more desirable to provide users wit visual environment for effective parallel programming. Therefore, we propose a visual programming environment. VEPO(Visual environment for Parallel Object-Oriented Programming), based on POOSL in order that users can develop parallel programs more easily and conveniently. It aims at supporting a programming environment in which users can represent their programs more naturally and visually I parallel manner with object-oriented concept and essential steps during parallel program development such as program specification, compilation, execution and animation of execution are integrated. VEPO has useful features for parallel processing. Especially, complicated parallel codes for synchronization and communication of processes are automatically generated in the translation phase, so users can be relieved of writing error-prone parallel codes. The system is targeted to the transputer-based parallel system, MC-3. The graphic user interface of VEPO was implemented using Visual C++. Visual programs descirbed on VEPO are translated into Inmos C and executed on MC-3.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
• /
• v.20 no.1
• /
• pp.21-31
• /
• 2008

response surface method (RSM) is widely used to evaluate th e extremely smal probability of ocurence or toanalyze the reliability of very complicated structures. Althoug h Monte-Carlo Simulation (MCS) technique can evaluate any system, the procesing time of MCS dependson the reciprocal num ber of the probability of failure. The stochastic finite element method could solve thislimitation. However, it is limit ed to the specific program, in which the mean and coeficient o f random variables are programed by a perturbation or by a weigh ted integral method. Therefore, it is not aplicable when erequisite programing. In a few number of stage analyses, RSM can construct a regresion model from the response of the c omplicated structural system, thus, saving time and efort significantly. However, the acuracy of RSM depends on the dist ance of the axial points and on the linearity of the limit stat e functions. To improve the convergence in exact solution regardl es of the linearity limit of state functions, an improved adaptive response surface method is developed. The analyzed res ults have ben verified using linear and quadratic forms of response surface functions in two examples. As a result, the be st combination of the improved RSM techniques is determined and programed in a numerical code. The developed linear adapti ve weighted response surface method (LAW-RSM) shows the closest converged reliability indices, compared with quadratic form or non-adaptive or non-weighted RSMs.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
• /
• v.34 no.4
• /
• pp.304-317
• /
• 2016

The advancement in technology including transportation and information communication has accelerated the flow of supplies, and the importance of the national logistics policy has increased following the expansion of the regional range of logistics to a national range. The rapid growth of the domestic logistics market results in the deficit of logistics facilities, inefficient operation of logistics facilities, and a complicated distribution structure. It has precipitated a plan aimed at efficiency improvement by building base logistics facilities, but this market is now undergoing difficulties due to low performance. Many studies on the revitalization of base logistics facilities have been conducted, but a causal analysis focusing on the function overlap of private logistics businesses has been absent. Therefore, this study has analyzed the function overlap of logistics facilities and the irrationality of the system, which resulted from the lost function of Inland Freight bases in the Yeongnam region. By suggesting the cause of disuse of base logistics complexes from the function overlap in the ground transportation of domestic freight, the study can provide the policy implication for the national logistics infrastructure.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
• /
• v.40 no.1 s.174
• /
• pp.11-24
• /
• 2007

There exist various difficulties in runoff analysis due to many ungauged basins in Korea and the runoff phenomena is also more and more complicated by the change of geologic characteristics due to the urbanization. So, we use GIS technique which is widely used in hydrologic field and cell runoff concept for the fast and effective runoff simulation. This study uses the observations of 6 stage stations in Wi-Cheon watershed and simulates the watershed parameters by using WMS model. We construct DEM by the grids which are consisted based on the criteria of minimum area according to land use. The cell runoff is estimated by an average weighted method using mean annual streamflow and mean maximum daily streamflow obtained from six stage stations. The runoff ratio at arbitrary site is estimated by conducting the direction analysis of streamflow and by removing sinkhole. We compare the simulated and observed runoffs and know that the simulated runoff shows the valid results. So, we could use the geographical information and cell runoff concept for more fast and effective runoff simulation studies.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
• /
• v.9 no.3
• /
• pp.206-213
• /
• 2008

Due to the following reasons, the management of curtain wall parts and material is very Important. Firstly, curtain wall work is one of the main works in High-rise building construction for it takes about $10{\sim}15%$ of the total construction cost. Secondly, the whole process of curtain wall work including manu acture, delivery, storage, installation and maintenance is very complicated and sometimes more than 30 companies involve in the process. Thus there are many control points for curtain wall units. Thirdly, there are not enough space on site for material storage and this situation is more serious for sites in urban area. The purpose of this research is to validate an information systems using RFID technology that is developed to manage the curtain wall units following the process of curtain wall work. For the validation, the cycle times of curtain wall work before and a ter the system was used. The results show that using the systems shorten the cycle time of the curtain wall work. Thus it is concluded that the system can increase the efficiency of managing curtain wall work.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
• /
• v.11 no.8
• /
• pp.1456-1464
• /
• 2007

The research of skin-tone detection has been conducting continuously to enlarge the importance in security, surveillance and administration of the information and 'Password Control System' for using face and skin recognition in airports, harbors and general companies. As well as tile rapid diffusion of the application range in image communications and an electron transaction using wide range of communication network, the importance of the accurate detection of skin color has been augmenting recently. In this paper, it will set up the boundaries of skin colors using the information of Cb and Cr in YCbCr color model of human skin color which is from hundreds compiled portrait images for each race, and suggest a efficient yet simple structure about the skin detection which has been followed by whether the comprehension of the boundaries of skin or not with adaptive skin-range set. With the possibility of the 1D Processes which does not use any memory, it is able to be applied to relatively small-sized hardware and system such as mobile apparatuses. To add the selective mode, it is not only available the improvement of tie skin detection, but also showing the correspondent results about previous face recognition technologies using complicated algorithm.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
• /
• v.26 no.5
• /
• pp.549-559
• /
• 2010

In geo-spatial information system building and operation, metadata is one of the crucial factors. Therefore, international and domestic organizations or associations for standardization have developed and distributed geo-based standard metadata to meet public demands. However, because metadata is composed of complicated elements and needs XML storage and management, individual organization which implement and operate practical application system is inclined to define and use its own metadata specifications. In this study, metadata extraction program, that metadata elements are directly extracted from geo-based file formats was developed to easily utilize standard metadata such as ISO/TC 19115, TTAS.KO-10.0139 and TTAS.IS-19115, and those elements are processed into XML. Furthermore, geo-based images sets are applied to another metadata of ISO/TC 19115-2. As well, metadata transformation is needed due to inconsistent or non-corresponding definition among standard metadata; in this program, transformation modules are also implemented to interoperable uses between standard metadata specifications. Widely used data formats are dealt with in this program, but extension for other formats and other metadata specifications is possible, and it is expected that availability of standard metadata is increased, through this kind of development.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
• /
• v.21 no.4
• /
• pp.335-349
• /
• 2018

This study analyzes the effect of the changes in traffic environments such as transportation speeds on the time-distance accessibility for the public transportation passengers. To do this, we use passenger transaction databases of the Seoul metropolitan public transportation system: one week for each of the three years (2011, 2013, and 2015). These big data contain the information about time and space on the traffic trajectories of every passenger. In this study, the time-distances of links between subway stations and bus stops of the public transportation system at each time are calculated based on the actual travel time extracted from the traffic-card transaction database. The changes in the time-distance accessibility of the integrated transportation network from the experimental results can be summarized in two aspects. First, the accessibility tends to decline as the year goes by. This is because the transportation network becomes more complicated and then the average moving speed of the vehicles is lowered. Second, the accessibility tends to increase on the weekend in the analysis of accessibility changes by day. This tendency is because the bus speeds on bus routes on the weekend are faster than other days. In order to analyze the accessibility changes, we illustrate graphs of the vehicle speeds and the numbers of passengers by year and day.