• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.37-43
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• 2004

Objective: The purpose of this paper is to study the possible differences in clinical and polysomnographic findings, depending on the presence or absence of subjective complaints of abnormal sleep behavior, in patients with RWA on polysomnography. Method: We reviewed patient records and polysomnographic data of patients referred to the Sleep Laboratory at Seoul National University Hospital from June 1996 through October 2002. We defined the manifest RBD group (n=32) as patients having both complaints of abnormal sleep behavior and RWA on polysomnography. The latent RBD group (n=20) consisted of patients who exhibited RWA on polysomnography but did not complain of abnormal sleep behavior. The clinical characteristics and polysomnographic findings between the two groups were compared and analyzed. Results: Fifty-two subjects had RWA, as detected by polysomnography (42 males and 10 females, mean age of $55.1{\pm}19.1\;years$). Subjects in the manifest RBD group were significantly older than those in the latent RBD group ($61.59{\pm}13.5$ vs. $44.70{\pm}2.76\;years$, independent t-test, p<0.01). More subjects in the manifest RBD group exhibited abnormal REM behavior on polysomnography than did subjects in the latent RBD group (81.3 vs. 50.0%, Fisher's exact test, p<0.05). No significant differences between the groups were found in the prevalence of brain disorders and primary sleep disorders, gender proportion, and sleep architecture. Conclusion: No difference in sleep architecture was found between the manifest and the latent RBD groups. Only age and the presence of abnormal sleep behavior on polysomnography differentiated the two groups. We suggest that RWA on polysomnography without complaints of abnormal sleep behavior may be early manifestation of manifest RBD. Attention to RWA on polysomnography is necessary to help prevent full-blown RBD from developing.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.10
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• pp.865-874
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• 2020

In Vietnam, the airline service sector plays an important economic role. However, it is a complicated industry that is open to failures. Negative emotions are an essential variable for the airline service industry because they can trigger a variety of coping behaviors that affect consumer loyalty as well as the image and reputation of the airline service providers. However, negative emotions and the accompanying coping behaviors are often investigated partially or as separate issues, thus leading to an incomplete understanding. This study is conducted to fill this gap by proposing and testing the causal relationship between negative emotions (anger, frustration, regret) and coping behaviors (complaint, negative word-of-mouth (WOM), and switching intention) in the context of the airline industry. Eight research hypotheses are tested. Using the partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) on a sample of 587 passengers in Vietnam, the empirical results show that anger and frustration influence complaints, negative WOM, and switching intention, while regret leads to switching intention and negative WOM. Thus, the research has important academic and practical implications. The empirical outcome could be of major importance for airline companies in planning to provide new services and achieve high performance in the long run.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.150-154
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• 1991

1012 Yunbyun children (500 of chinese and 512 of Korean ancestry) in kindergarten through sophomore in highschool were assessed using CBCL parental form and their data were compared to study differences in behavior problems among children of korean and chinese ancestry in Yunbyun. The results indicated that social withdrawal, depressive, somatic complaints and aggressive syndromes were fairey common among Yunbyun children of both korean and chinese ancestry and that compared to children in the u. s. and shanghai. Yunbyun children showed more social withdrawal but less aggressive behaviors. Internalizing syndromes such as uncommunicative, schizoid, obsessive and anxious syndromes were more prevalent among children of chinese ancestry, while hyperactive and aggressive syndromes were more prevalent among children of korean ancestry.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.105-117
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• 2019

Current Android smartphones include about 25 to 35 essential applications(unerasable) related to function and operation of the android smartphone itself and about 30 optional applications(removable) provided by carriers, Google and manufacturers. These applications were not able to be removed until the announcement of the smartphone applications pre-install guide from the government in January 2014, so there were memory limitations in installing new applications, causing consumer complaints by consuming data during the auto-update process of the pre-installed applications. After the announcement, we were able to delete optional applications but the complaints about the data consumption still did not disappear. Therefore, in this paper, we carried out the customer survey and analyzed the behavior information such as how carriers are operating pre-installed applications and what kind of applications customer prefers and how many applications customer wants to be pre-installed. And we proposed how to configure pre-install applications on smartphone for customer needs.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.429-441
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• 2014

The use of smartphones has grown rapidly over a short period of time, particularly for commuting news search, smart banking, and social networking services, and has had a significant impact on the pattern of contemporary life. Further, a wide range of applications are downloaded on to smartphones. This has also led a considerable number of complaints regarding these applications. In this study, we focus on the levels of dissatisfaction that users experience with smartphone applications and their effects on consumer complaint behavior along with the moderating effects of the complaint handling process and attribution. The aim of this study is to verify whether the following hypothesis--2 (low/high dissatisfaction level of smartphone applications)${\times}2$ (poor/excellent complaint handling process)${\times}2$ (internal/external consumer attribution)--is in accordance with the betweengroup design to build a factorial design experiment. The results of this study are as follows. First, the consumer's tendency to complain significantly influenced their dissatisfaction level. Second, consumer complaint behavior is modulated by the complaint handling process. Third, the external-attribution tendency of consumers was found to lead to more dissatisfaction than the tendency for internal attribution.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.81-95
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to examine the dissatisfaction level of consumers buying foreign goods through Internet shopping malls and their complaint behavior. As there is growing demand for foreign brands along with a rapid increase in the Internet user population, a lot of ongoing studies have focused on Internet-based transaction. The dissatisfaction level of selected consumers was checked in terms of system, price, quality, information/hype, shipping and refund/exchange, and it's found that complaint behavior linked to refund/exchange was most prevalent. The most dominant way for them to respond to such situations was talking friends, relatives or neighbors about that. And they had an intention to buy foreign goods through Internet shopping malls again to greater or lesser extents, though they were unsatisfied. It indicates that the consumers didn't have a wide option in the consumer market.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.117-123
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• 2005

Objectives : The purpose of the present study was to investigate the gender differences in behavior problems and social competences of Korean Adolescents. Methods : K-YSR (Korean-YSR) data from 6570 Korean adolescents (2549 boys and 4021 girls) and K-CBCL (Korean-CBCL) data from 2373 parents (boys 1173 and girls 1200) between the ages of 12 to 17 were analysed. Results : The results showed that boys reported higher mean scale scores on the Social Problems, Delinquent Behavior, whereas girls showed higher mean scale scores on the Withdrawn, Somatic Complaints, Anxious/Depressed and Aggressive Behaviors as well as Internalizing Problems and Total Behavior Problems in K-YSR. Girls also reported higher scores on the Social. as well as Total Competence Scale. Also parents reported higher mean scale scores on the Attention Problems, Delinquent Behavior in their boys, whereas reported higher mean scale scores on the Withdrawn, Somatic Complaints, Anxious/Depressed and Aggressive Behaviors as well as Internalizing Problems in their girls in K-CBCL. Parents reported no differences between boys and girls in social competence scales. Conclusion : In both K-YSR and K-CBCL, girls consistently showed higher scores in the Internalizing Problem scales and there was no significant difference between boys and girls in the Externalizing Problem scores, but girls showed higher mean score in the Aggressive Behavior scale.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.77-88
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• 1997

Conversion disorder is a psychologically produced alteration or loss of physical functioning suggestive of a physical disorder. Conversion symptoms are often superimposed on organic disease and can be overlooked. Psychological techniques are central to the management include the following: avoiding confrontation with the patients; avoiding reinforcement or trivializing the symptoms; reviewing results of tests and exams and creating an expectation of recovery; educating the patient before a treatment is begun; evaluating the patient's emotional adjustment and considering it at a treatment; using caution in labeling the condition; considering referral for psychotherapy; establishing particularly a treatment plan and making a definite treatment program; adjusting patient' s environment; letting participate a family at appropriate time; developing a reinforcement program for a treatment of chronic symptoms; developing a home program for outpatients. Use behavior therapy reinforcement may be helpful with more chronic or resistant symptoms, especially when there is a history of vague or excessive somatic complaints or significant secondary gain.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.18-21
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• 2001

The change of sleep pattern is one of the most often altered normal physiological functions in elderly people. Besides normal change of sleep, insomnia and sleep apnea syndrome (SAS) are (one of) the main complaints. In addition, parasomnia is also frequent in this age group. Several parasomnias frequently found in the elderly are reviewed. Periodic limb movements in sleep (PLMS), restless legs syndrome (RLS), and REM sleep behavior disorder are the most frequent parasomnias in old age. Most parasomnias could be diagnosed by polysomnography, and be treated easily. Therefore, early and precise diagnosis and management for parasomnia in aging people are needed.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.167-181
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• 2012

This study analyzed consumer's harsh complaining behaviors and firm's reactions toward consumers' harsh complaining behavior, and investigated the differences in the firms' reactions according to the characteristics of counselors and customer service centers. In addition, this study attempted to find a strategy and provide guidance regarding consumer's harsh complaining behaviors. The results of this study are discussed below. First, consumer's harsh complaining attitudes were expressed by crude language, violent language, threats, personal attacks, and claims of a high-ranking social position. Consumer's directive, complaining behaviors were repeated on the telephone, and threats of prosecution or disclosure to the public, exposure of habitual product returns, and requests for interviews with superiorsat the representative firm were made. Second, a firm typologies according to its reaction style toward a consumer's harsh complaining behaviors were as follows: Group 1, having a neutral attitude toward consumers and preparation thoroughly regarding their demands; Group 2, having a negative attitude toward consumers and some degree of preparation toward consumers' demands; and finally, Group 3, having a positive attitude toward consumers but offering insufficient reparation regarding consumers' demands. Third, female counselors, counselors having a certified counselor's license, and those much experience working in labor work were more likely to be in Group 3. Male counselors, part-time counselors, and those having experience of many years were more likely to be in Group 2. Group 1 were more likely to have large number of workers at customer service centers, male counselors, and to have large numbers of educational training programs related to the reactions of consumers in the form of dissatisfaction, complaints, how to offer compensation for injuries to consumers, and issues related to PL(product liability). In addition, Group 1 also had more firm level welfare policies related to hight stress levels of consumer counselors and extra types of support regarding harsh consumers. However, Group 2 members were more likely to provide excessive compensation and rewards to harsh consumers. Finally, to react to consumer's harsh complaint efficiently, it was suggested that firms should not treat consumers as harsh consumers, should react to consumers' complaints sincerely, and should take precautionary management efforts as regards consumer dissatisfaction based on better quality control of products. In addition, it was deemed necessary to formulate a management strategy to train competent consumer counselors with a high quality of counselor skill, having standardized and consistent reaction guidance toward consumer complaints and thorough knowledge of compensation rules for consumer injuries and subsequent guidance.