• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.15-33
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• 2016

Women in their 30s and 40s, who are at the center of "ageless" and "down-aging" consumer trends, are likely to encounter problems with fitting and size conformity when they wear casual clothes targeting women in their 20s. Hence, differences in upper body sizes and body types between women in their 20s and women in their 30s and 40s were analyzed. The data for this study was from the 6th Size Korea survey of body measurements of 1,675 female adults in their 20s-40s. SPSS 21.0 for Windows was used for analysis of the collected data. To examine differences in average upper body size between women in their 20s and women in their 30s and 40s, descriptive statistics and independent sample t-tests were conducted. Factor and cluster analyses were used to classify body types by age groups. Comparing direct measurement items showed that women in their 20s tend to have higher average values for most height-related items-including body height-and lower average values for circumference, thickness, and width than women in their 30s and 40s. Factors in determining the upper body shapes of women in their 20s to 40s were narrowed to five; through a cluster analysis, upper body shapes of women were classified into three body types as follows. Type 1 women are shorter and thinner with small frames; Type 2 women have the highest vertical values for their upper bodies and average values for obesity-related categories of circumference, thickness, and width. Type 3 women are the shortest and has the highest body mass index (BMI), verifiable as obese. By analyzing differences in body type distribution according to age groups, it was found that more than 90% of women in their 20s belong to Types 1 and 2. On the other hand, most women in their 30s and 40s are identified as Type 3.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.226-235
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• 2018

This study compares body types among the Korean, Northern Chinese and South Chinese women in their thirties. The subjects of this study are 30-39 year old females that consisted of 200 people from Southern China, 200 people from Northern China, and 202 people from Korea. The results are as follows. There are differences among Northern Chinese, Southern Chinese and Korean women. Korean women are taller than both regions of Chinese women, hip height measurement and waist height measurement of Korean women's are higher than Chinese women, it means that Korean women's lower body parts are longer than Chinese women. Northern Chinese women have the highest circumference measurements and depth measurements; however, Southern Chinese women have similar measurements with Korean women. The body type classification according to the GB/T 1335.2-2008 shows that Northern and Southern Chinese women have different body types. Southern Chinese women are mainly in "A body type" and Northern Chinese women are mainly in "B body type". The body type classification according to the KS K 0051 shows that Chinese women are all mainly "H body type", Korean women are mostly in "A body type". This study articulated specific differences in body types among Southern Chinese, Northern Chinese, and Korean women, especially between Northern and Southern Chinese women. This study provides basic data for Chinese female somatotype research and Korean fashion brands.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.11-18
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• 2016

Objectives The body shape was a key information for diagnosing the Sasang constitution (SC) in Sasang constitutional medicine. The aim of this study was to compare the body shapes and mainly focusing on the Korean and Chinese-KoreanMethods We calculated the propensity score for each SC type in males and females separately, and compared body shape including 8 circumference and 5 width between Korean and Chinese-Korean according to the sex and SC.Results Koreans have larger trunk and hip area compared to Chinese-Koreans, while Chinese-Koreans have larger abdomen compared with Koreans. Most variables were significantly different among SC types, for both Korean and Chinese-Korean. Especially, the Taeumin (TE) type has the largest body shape compared with the other SC types, it was similar between Korean and Chinese-Korean.Conclusions This study showed that the TE type has the largest body shape, followed by Soyangin (SY) and Soeumin (SE) in order, for both Korean and Chinese-Korean respectively. These results suggests that the body shape of Chinese-Korean is similar with Korean based on SC type.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.12 no.9
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• pp.136-145
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• 2012

This research proposes a pattern making method for women's bodice by the characters of body types and develops bodice dress forms on their body shapes applying 3D body scan data. 515 women's body scan data was collected and analyzed factor and cluster analysis. Three body types were characterized in normal, obese, and slim group. In each group, 10 subjects were selected. 20 parts in 3D anthropometric data were measured using Autocad program. The amount of waist dart was calculated and three types of basic bodice pattern were developed using the calculated darts data. The amount and the position of front dart and side dart were different at obese group in comparison of normal and thin group. The three types of basic bodice model were made by the basic bodice pattern, and each model was scanned by 3D scanner to make 3D bodice dress forms. Three types of bodice dress forms were rendered using 3D max program. Bodice dress forms had the dart lines and were useful to draft patterns to fit their body shape.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.27 no.7
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• pp.758-769
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• 2003

In this research, I classified adult women's back types through anthropometric measurement and photographic measurement to present a judging individual body size according to the type. Also, Ⅰ calculated regression fomula by types and presented the basic bodice pattern. The results were as follows: 1. The result of factor analysis indicated that 5 factors were extracted and those factors comprised 75.89% of total variance. 2. According to the cluster analysis, Ⅰclassified the back types into 6 types. Type 1 was passive posture in the upper and the lower parts of the back. Type 2 was active posture in the upper and the lower parts of the back. Type 3 had the lowest protrusion of the back. Type 4 had the upper part of the back which is mostly bent downward. Type 5 was the most suitable shape. Type 6 had the lower part of the back which was turned over the most. 3. Ⅰconducted a discriminant analysis to judge the body types of individuals. 4. For the calculation of measurements necessary for the basic bodice pattern, Ⅰpresented regression formulas by each type. 5. By conducting the wearing experiments, Ⅰsuccessfully made the final basic bodice patterns by types. As a result of comparative experiments between the basic bodice patterns and comparison bodice pattern, the suitability of basic bodice patterns were more highly assessed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.1-5
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• 2003

This paper deals with dynamic instability of slender rocket-propelled flying bodies, such as launch vehicle and advances missiles subjected to aerodynamic loads and an end rocket thrust. A flying body is simplified into a uniform free-free beam subjected to an end follower thrust. Two types of aerodynamic loads are assumed in the stability analysis. Firstly, it is assumed that two concentrated aerodynamic loads act on the flying body at its nose and tail. Secondly, to take account of effect of unsteady flow due to motion of a flexible flying body, aerodynamic load is estimated by the slender body approximation. Extended Hamilton's principle is applied to the considered beam for deriving the equation of motion. Application of FEM yields standardeigen-value problem. Dynamic stability of the beam is determined by the sign of the real part of the complex eigen-values. If aerodynamic loads are concentrated loads that act on the flying body at its nose and tail, the flutter thrust decreases by about 10% in comparison with the flutter thrust of free-free beam subjected only to an end follower thrust. If aerodynamic loads are distributed along the longitudinal axis of the flying body, the flutter thrust decreases by about 70% in comparison with the flutter thrust of free-free beam under an end follower thrust. It is found that the flutter thrust is reduced considerably if the aerodynamic loads are taken into account in addition to an end rocket thrust in the stability analysis of slender rocket-propelled flying bodies.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.63 no.3
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• pp.404-408
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• 2014

In this research we evaluate the excitation homogeneity and SAR of three different Tx arrays after B1+ Shimming in the human body at 3T. Through the simulations, we compared the field properties that are standard deviation and mean value of transverse magnetization for 1) strip line TEM array, 2) rectangular loop array, 3) combined array of strip line element and rectangular loop and shown the utilities of B1+ shimming in human body model. After B1+ shimming, it is evaluated four different types of SAR for body mesh through whole body simulation; those are average, maximum 1-cell, maximum 1-gram, and maximum 10-gram SAR. It appears that in this particular comparison an array based on strip line elements can produce better homogeneity and lower SAR than an array of rectangular loops or an array of combined elements (strip line and loop). While many factors are considered in designing coils for production, it is hoped that methods and results like these will be used in the future to guide decisions and maximize benefit.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.39 no.11
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• pp.15-26
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• 2001

China adopted a free market economy and is a member of WTO. It has now emerged as one of the most promising markets in the word for the near future. The purpose of this study was to investigate of Chinese women clothing behavior and preference of clothing design by body types and to suggest basic information for high quality clothes merchandising of exporting to China. The subjects in this study were 280 Chinese women, aged from 20 to 50 living in Beijing. The survey was taken from June to July, 1999. SAS(Statistical Analysis System) is used for frequency, percentage, average, standard deviation, $\chi$$^2$-test, factor analysis. The results of this study are as follows. Ewamination on the Chinese womens clothing behavior showed that they attach importance to economy for purchasing clothes and have affirmative self-confidence. The thin body type women prefer to fashionable clothes while the fat body type has more reasonable economic behavior for clothing. It is needed to different merchandising project by body type in China..

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.488-501
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• 2008

The purpose of this study presents bra pattern using the 3D measurements of the upper body subject to women in their 30's. Brassieres available in the market are mostly designed for straight body shape and many women seem to have experienced bearing discomfort in a great extent as they grow older. Brassieres should be designed to cover diverse body types and the accurate measurement of body type and breast shape is needed to accomplish that. As for the study method, 3D human body types were analyzed with RapidForm 2006, and the upper-body types and breast shapes were statistically classified through technical statistics analysis, cluster analysis, t-test, variance analysis, and cross analysis. The wearing tests went through the comparison of the brassieres of three makers in the market and the experiment brassieres(first and second) and then the evaluations were made by the subjects, the outer appearance assessment by experts, and 3D measurements. The results of this study showed that the evaluation of experiment brassieres was excellent in every item, and the significant difference was found out particularly in the items of pressure, rear center, front center, breast underneath, adequate level by wing, and adequate level by armhole. According to the results of 3D evaluation, experiment brassieres had a highest point in fitness with no physical pressure at the wing part and no overall deviation at the cup part.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.37 no.9
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• pp.57-71
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• 1999

This study was intended to find the body pattern of the middle-aged women and to make new experimental basic pattern for upper-half of the body for them. To analyze the body pattern of middle-aged women, the methodologies of measurement of the individual part of the body, group aged-analysis, Rohrer Index, Vervaeck Index, factor analysis, discriminant analysis, cluster analysis and girth index were used. The comparison of the twentieth to the thirtieth, the fortieth and the fiftieth showed bigger change in the thirtieth and the biggest change in the fortieth in girth. The fiftieth showed thick body pattern by increasing the depth but decreasing the girth. Body types were divided into three groups, thin, standard and fatty troupes by Rohrer index. With Rohrer Index, there was no difference for back length in three groups, but girth showed shorter in thin and standard groups but longer in fatty group.