• Honam Mathematical Journal
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.42-53
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• 2023

The main aim of this paper is to introduce the definition of 𝜑-proximate order of a meromorphic function on the complex plane. By considering the concept of 𝜑-proximate order, we will extend some previous results of Lahiri [11]. Furthermore, as an application of 𝜑-proximate order, a result concerning the growth of composite entire and meromorphic function will be given.

• Mycobiology
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.175-179
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• 2002

A study on comparative efficacy and in vitro activity of fresh cow urine and cow dung for controlling Sclerotinia rot caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum of cucumber was carried out following mycelial growth inhibition test, treated and untreated sclerotia with these organic matters at different days of incubation. Results showed that cow urine suppressed more effectively the mycelial growth even after 5 days of incubation in comparison to cow dung. The highest inhibition 75.9% of mycelial growth was recorded in cow dung potato dextrose agar(CUPDA) after 3 days of incubation and least 22.7% was in cow dung potato dextrose agar(CUPDA) after same days of incubation. Mycelial growth from sclerotia of S. sclerotiorum was also influenced by PDA medium mixed with cow urine and cow dung. After 6 days of incubation in CUPDA mycelial growth was only 12.9 mm whereas in CDPDA and PDA the corresponding growth at the same time were 65.8 mm and 80.0 mm. Treated sclerotia of the selected fungus with cow urine had a very effective role on suppression of mycelial growth than that of untreated one. No mycelial growth was observed up to 4 days in treated sclerotia with cow urine. After 5 days only 0.9 mm mycelial growth was measured in treated sclerotia, while in case of untreated sclerotia the growth was 42.6 mm. Application of cow urine and cow dung on growing plants inoculated with the pathogen at different concentrations also proved their inhibitive effects.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.28 no.8
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• pp.1140-1149
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• 2015

This research aimed to define the energy requirement of Dorper and Hu Hybrid $F_1$ ewes 20 to 50 kg of body weight, furthermore to study energy requirement changes with age and evaluate the effect of age on energy requirement parameters. In comparative slaughter trial, thirty animals were divided into three dry matter intake treatments (ad libitum, n = 18; low restricted, n = 6; high restricted, n = 6), and were all slaughtered as baseline, intermediate, and final slaughter groups, to calculate body chemical components and energy retained. In digestibility trial, twelve ewes were housed in individual metabolic cages and randomly assigned to three feeding treatments in accordance with the design of a comparative slaughter trial, to evaluate dietary energetic values at different feed intake levels. The combined data indicated that, with increasing age, the net energy requirement for maintenance ($NE_m$) decreased from $260.62{\pm}13.21$ to $250.61{\pm}11.79kJ/kg^{0.75}$ of shrunk body weight (SBW)/d, and metabolizable energy requirement for maintenance (MEm) decreased from $401.99{\pm}20.31$ to $371.23{\pm}17.47kJ/kg^{0.75}$ of SBW/d. Partial efficiency of ME utilization for maintenance ($k_m$, 0.65 vs 0.68) and growth ($k_g$, 0.42 vs 0.41) did not differ (p>0.05) due to age; At the similar condition of average daily gain, net energy requirements for growth ($NE_g$) and metabolizable energy requirements for growth ($ME_g$) for ewes during late fattening period were 23% and 25% greater than corresponding values of ewes during early fattening period. In conclusion, the effect of age upon energy requirement parameters in the present study were similar in tendency with previous recommendations, values of energy requirement for growth ($NE_g$ and $ME_g$) for Dorper and Hu crossbred female lambs ranged between the NRC (2007) recommendation for early and later maturating growing sheep.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.225-232
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• 1976

To compare the effects of red Ginseng and white Ginseng on the growth of experimental animals, both Ginseng were given to Broiler male chicken. Red and white Ginseng were administered to Broiler chicken in doses of 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2 and 4g per kg weight of chicken. The increase in weight were 282g in red Ginseng group and 162g in white Ginseng group compared with control group. The increase of the feeding amounts per kg weight were 2.4kg for red Ginseng group, 2.67kg for white Ginseng group and 2.87kg for non-treated group. The growth of each organ in the red Ginseng group showed favorable increase trend than white Ginseng group as a whole and, particularly, considerable significance were observed in liver and brain. These results suggest that red Ginseng has better effect on the growth of chicken and organ than white Ginseng does.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.34-42
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• 2017

This paper presents a comparative study of the AC and MFDC resistance spot welding process with consideration of sheet thickness. The previous studies have confirmed that there is difference in the optimum welding current and expulsion current with AC and MFDC. The aim of this study was revealing the effect of sheet thickness on weldable current range and expulsion behavior for AC and MFDC welding processes. The optimum welding current of AC was lower (1.6 kA) than MFDC welding process in 0.8 mm sheet thickness. Early nugget growth being caused by the peak current of AC developed weld interface deformation, which resulted in suppressing the growth of corona bond and occurrence of low current expulsion. The resistance spot welding for thicker sheet (1.4 mm) required lower current of 0.6 kA for the expulsion on the MFDC welding process. The growth of contact diameter (size of corona bond) and button diameter was linear up to the expulsion current with MFDC welding process. Therefore, more attention is required when the AC and MFDC resistance spot welding process is applied for different thickness of steel sheet combination for automotive application.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.26 no.9
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• pp.1282-1288
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• 2013

A comparative slaughter trial was conducted to estimate the phosphorus (P) requirement for maintenance and growth of crossbred lambs of Dorper with a Chinese indigenous sheep breed, thin-tailed Han sheep. Thirty-five Dorper${\times}$thin-tailed Han crossbred, noncastrated ram lambs ($20.3{\pm}0.22kg$ of shrunk body weight (SBW)) were used. Seven lambs were randomly chosen and slaughtered at 20 kg SBW as the baseline group for measuring initial body composition. Another seven lambs were also randomly chosen and offered a pelleted mixed diet for ad libitum intake and slaughtered at 28 kg SBW. The remaining 21 sheep were randomly divided into 3 groups with 7 sheep each and subject to the same diet of either 70 or 40% of ad libitum intake. The 3 groups were slaughtered when the sheep fed ad libitum reached 35 kg of SBW. Body P contents were determined after slaughter. The results showed that the net P requirement for maintenance was 30.0 mg/kg of empty body weight (EBW) or 23.4 mg/kg body weight (BW), and the P requirement for growth decreased from 5.3 to 5.0 g/kg of EBW gain as the lamb grew from 20 to 35 kg. The net P requirement for growth of Dorper${\times}$thin-tailed Han crossbred ram lambs was lower than that of sheep adopted by the American nutritional system.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Environment and Ecology Conference
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• 2010.10a
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• pp.154-158
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• 2010

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.249-280
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• 2004

This paper analyzes the industrial growth of Korea in the 1990s and its relationship with the nation's export performance. The result shows that total factor productivity (TFP) played a significant role in the growth of some industries, where in particular a sharp increase in TFP was observed in the electrics and electronics industry and the automobile industry in the late 1990s. While CEPII RCA indexes for the Korean industries such as IT industry and automobile industry significantly increased since 1998, only limited evidence was found that TFP or TFI influenced RCA. Investigating Korea's export performance in the Northeast Asian context, this paper shows that, in the 1990s, the growth of Korea's exports to Japan was led by industries that recorded relatively fast growth in total factor input (TFI). In contrast, that to China was almost equally contributed by industries that experienced relatively fast growth in TFP or TFI. This paper also investigates competition between Korea and China, and Korea and Japan in the world market. The competition between Korea and China was relatively stronger for the Korean industries to whose growth TFI made a more significant contribution. While no decisive evidence is found for the relationship between TFP growth in Korean industries and their competition against Japan in the world market, it is revealed that the competition between Korea and Japan became less intense for the Korean industries to whose growth TFI made a stronger contribution. In this regard, the paper supports the view of 'nut-cracking' that the Korean economy has lost its competitiveness in the sectors where it maintained comparative advantage, but failed to catch up more advanced countries such as Japan by gaining competitiveness in more capital or technology intensive sectors.

• Journal of Surface Science and Engineering
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.135-140
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• 2003

The difference in lattice parameter and thermal expansion coefficient between GaN and Si which results in many defects into the grown GaN is larger than that between GaN and sapphire. In order to obtain high quality GaN films on Si substrate, it is essential to understand growth characteristics of GaN. In this study, GaN layers were grown on Si(111) substrates by MOCVD at three different GaN growth temperatures ($900^{\circ}C$, $1,000^{\circ}C$ and $1,100^{\circ}C$), using AlN and LT-GaN buffer layers. Using TEM, we carried out the comparative investigation of growth characteristics of GaN by characterizing lattice coherency, crystallinity, orientation relationship and defects formed (transition region, stacking fault, dislocation, etc). The localized region with high defect density was formed due to the lattice mismatch between AlN buffer layer and GaN. As the growth temperature of GaN increases, the defect density and surface roughness of GaN are decreased. In the case of GaN grown at $1,100^{\circ}$, growth thickness is decreased, and columns with out-plane misorientation are formed.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.528-534
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• 2005

Hairy root cultures have demonstrated great promise in terms of their biosynthetic capability toward the production of secondary metabolites, but continue to constitute a major challenge with regard to large-scale cultures. In order to assess the possibility of conducting mass production of biomass, and the extraction of useful metabolites from Panax ginseng. P. ginseng hairy roots, transformed by Rhizobium rhizogenes KCTC 2744, were used in bioreactors of different types and sizes. The most effective mass production of hairy roots was achieved in several differently Sized air bubble bioreactors compared to all other bioreactor types. Hairy root growth was enhanced by aeration, and the production increased with increasing aeration rate in a 1 L bioreactor culture. It was determined that the hairy root growth rate could be substantially enhanced by increases in the aeration rate upto 0.5vvm, but at aeration rates above 0.5vvm, only slight promotions in growth rates were observed. In 20 L air bubble bioreactors, with a variety of inoculum sizes, the hairy roots exhibited the most robust growth rates with an inoculum size of 0.1% (w/v), within the range 0.1 to 0.7% (w/v). The specific growth rates of the hairy root decreased with increases in the inoculum size.