• 대한수의학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.271-277
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• 1975

한국재내산양(韓國在來山羊) 11두(頭)의 흉벽근(胸壁筋)을 절개하여 관찰하였던 바 다음과 같은 결과(結果)를 얻었다. 1. 산양(山羊)의 흉벽(胸壁)에는 횡격막을 포함하여 11개의 筋들을 확인할 수 있었다 : 전배거근(前背鋸筋) M. serratusdorsalis cranialis, 후배거근(後背鋸筋) M. serratus dorsalis caudalis, 사각근(斜角筋) M. scalenus, 늑횡근(肋橫筋) M. transversus costarum, 늑골거근(肋骨擧筋) Mm. levatores costarum, 외늑간근(外肋間筋) Mm. intercostales externi, 내늑간근(內肋間筋) Mm. intercostales interni, 늑연골간근(肋軟骨間筋) Mm. intercartilaginei, 늑골후인근(肋骨後引筋) M. retractor costae, 흉횡근(胸橫筋) M. transversus thoracis, 횡격막(橫隔膜) Diaphragma. 2. 전배거근(前背鋸筋)의 발달이 아주 미약하여 단지 1예(例)에서만 볼 수 있었다. 3. 사각근(斜角筋)은 천부(淺部)(M. scalenus supracostalis)와 심부(深部)(M. scalenus primal costae)로 구분되었으며 이들은 각각 배(背), 복(腹)으로 나누어졌고, 천부(淺部)는 제 1늑골 및 제 3~4늑골에서 기시(起始)하고 있었다. 4. 늑연골간근(肋軟骨間筋)은 제 7늑간에서는 양쪽 늑골이 서로 밀접하게 붙어있어 나타나지 않았으며, 제 1늑간 부터 제 6늑간 사이에서는 섬유방향이 거의 수평으로 향하고 있어 내늑간근(內肋間筋)의 연장으로 보이고 제 8늑간 부터 마지막 늑간사이에서는 거의 수직으로 향하고 있어 외늑간근(外肋間筋)의 연장으로 보인다.

• 한국패류학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.9-19
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• 1997

한국에 분포된 논우렁이과(family Viviparidae)에는 논우렁이(Cipangopaludina chinensis malleata)와 큰논우렁이(C. japonica) 두 종으로 알려져 있으나 그 형태적 차이점을 구별하기는 쉽지 않다. 형태학적 주요 차이점은 논우렁이에서 패각의 봉합이 깊어 나탑이 뚜렸하고 둥글며 spire angle이 약 62。- 66。인데 비해, 큰 논우렁이는 봉합이 깊지 않아 나탑이 뚜렷하지 못하고 밋밋하며 각 나층에 두개씩의 나륵이 있는 점과 spire angle이 약 58。- 61。인 점이다. 소화기관과 생식기관에서는 2종의 암, 수 모두에서 특이할만한 차이점을 찾아 볼 수 없으나 논우러이는 큰논우렁이에 비해 전반적으로 크고 긴 기관들을 갖고 있었다. 논우렁이와 큰노누렁이 모두에서 IM, IOL, ILL, IC, ILL, IOL, IM의 치설 배열을 보였으나 분치(cusp)배열이 다소 상이하였으며, 논우렁이 개체군 사이에도 분치 배열의 상이점이 관찰되었다. 그러나 위의 두 종은 형태적으로 유사성이 높기 때문에 $\beta$-분류 및 $\gamma$-분류로 그 체계를 확실히 구명하여야 할 필요성이 인정된다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 1996

The frequency distribution diagrams of Korean diffuse-porous woods, 36 families, 75 genera, 145 species, 215 specimens in relation to habit and phenology were analyzed. As the habit character changes from shrub to tree, such quantitative features as vessel frequency, percentage of solitary vessels, length/diameter(L/D) ratio of vessel element decreased but tangential vessel diameter, fiber length/vessel element length(F/V) ratio increased. Qualitative features such as helical vessel wall thickening, diffuse distribution of longitudinal parenchyma, heterogeneous ray composition decreased, while alternate intervessel pits, libriform wood fiber, simple perforations increase. As the phenology character changes from evergreen to deciduous species, such quantitative features as percentage of solitary vessels, vessel element length and L/D ratio decreased but tangential vessel diameter, F/V ratio increased. Diffuse distribution of longitudinal parenchyma, heterogeneous ray composition, and crystals in qualitative features decreased, while alternate intervessel pits, libriform wood fiber, simple perforation of vessel element, ray width and ray height increased.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.357-363
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• 2013

The identification of bacteriophage proteins on the surface of Lactobacillus rhamnosus Pen was performed by LC-MS/MS analysis. Among the identified proteins, we found a phage-derived major tail protein, two major head proteins, a portal protein, and a host specificity protein. Electron microscopy of a cell surface extract revealed the presence of phage particles in the analyzed samples. The partial sequence of genes encoding the major tail protein for all tested L. rhamnosus strains was determined with specific primers designed in this study. Next, RT-PCR analysis allowed detection of the expression of the major tail protein gene in L. rhamnosus strain Pen at all stages of bacterial growth. The transcription of genes encoding the major tail protein was also proved for other L. rhamnosus strains used in this study. The present work demonstrates the spontanous release of prophage-encoded particles by a commercial probiotic L. rhamnosus strain, which did not significantly affect the bacterial growth of the analyzed strain.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.469-482
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• 2006

The term 'heat shock protein (Hsps)' was derived from the fact that these proteins were initially discovered to be induced by hyperthermic conditions. In response to a range of stressful stimuli, including hyperthermia, immobilization, UV radiation, amino acid analogues, arsenite, various chemicals, and drugs the mammalian brain demonstrates a rapid and intense induction of the heat shock protein. Moreover, Hsps were expressed on the various pathological conditions including trauma, focal or global ischemia, hypoxia, infarction, infections, starvation, and anoxia. Especially, Hsp25 has a protective activity, facilitated by the ability of the protein to decrease the intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as well as its chaperone activity, which favors the degradation of oxidized proteins. Recently, it has clearly demonstrated that Hsp25 is constitutively expressed in the adult mouse cerebellum by parasagittal bands of purkinje cells in three distinct regions, the central zone (lobule VI-VII) and nodular zone (lobule IX-X), and paraflocculus. The Mongolian gerbil has been introduced into stroke study model because of its unique brain vasculature. There are no significant connections between the basilarvertebral system and the carotid system. This anatomy feature renders the mongolian gerbil susceptible to forebrain ischemia-induced seizure. The present study is designed to examine the pattern of Hsp25 expression in the cerebellum of this animal in comparison with that in mouse.

• 식물분류학회지
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.359-369
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• 2008

국화과 상치족에 속하는 서양개보리뺑이(Lapsana communis) 내의 6아종과 개보리뺑이속 (Lapsanastrum) 4종에 대해 과피의 해부학적 구조를 조사하였다. 그 결과, 개보리뺑이속은 서양개보리뺑이와 외과피의 털의 유무, costa의 모양, 종피의 비후 등 몇 가지 형질에서 차이가 나타났다. 게다가 서양개보리뺑이속은 costae와 intercostae에 sclerenchymatous cell이 없는 반면에 개보리뺑이속은 sclerenchymatous cell로 이루어져 있다. 과실벽 구조에서의 차이는 명백하게 개보리뺑이속이 광의의 서양개보리뺑이속에서 분리됨을 지지한다.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제35권8호
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• pp.1141-1150
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• 2022

Objective: To understand the domestication and spread of horses in history, genetic information is essential. However, mitogenetic traits of ancient or medieval horses have yet to be comprehensively revealed, especially for East Asia. This study thus set out to reveal the maternal lineage of skeletal horse remains retrieved from a 15th century archaeological site (Gongpyeongdong) at Old Seoul City in South Korea. Methods: We extracted DNA from the femur of Equus caballus (SNU-A001) from Joseon period Gongpyeongdong site. Mitochondrial (mt) DNA (HRS 15128-16116) of E. caballus was amplified by polymerase chain reaction. Cloning and sequencing were conducted for the mtDNA amplicons. The sequencing results were analyzed by NCBI/BLAST and phylogenetic tool of MEGA7 software. Results: By means of mtDNA cytochrome b and D-loop analysis, we found that the 15th century Korean horse belonged to haplogroup Q representing those horses that have historically been raised widely in East Asia. Conclusion: The horse is unique among domesticated animals for the remarkable impact it has on human civilization in terms of transportation and trade. Utilizing the Joseon-period horse remains, we can obtain clues to reveal the genetic traits of Korean horse that existed before the introduction of Western horses.

• Clinical Endoscopy
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• 제56권2호
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• pp.143-154
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• 2023

Advanced malignant hilar biliary obstruction (MHBO) with inaccessible papilla poses a significant challenge to endoscopists, as drainage of multiple liver segments may be warranted. Transpapillary drainage may not be feasible in patients with surgically altered anatomy, duodenal stenosis, prior duodenal self-expanding metal stent, and after initial transpapillary drainage, but require re-intervention for draining separated liver segments. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided biliary drainage (EUS-BD) and percutaneous trans-hepatic biliary drainage are the feasible options in this scenario. The major advantages of EUS-BD over percutaneous trans-hepatic biliary drainage include a reduction in patient discomfort and internal drainage away from the tumor, thus reducing the possibility of tissue or tumor ingrowth. With innovations, EUS-BD is helpful not only for bilateral communicating MHBO but also for non-communicating systems with bridging hilar stents or isolated right intra-hepatic duct drainage by hepatico-duodenostomy. EUS-guided multi-stent drainage with specially designed cannulas and guidewires has become a reality. A combined approach with endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography for re-intervention, interventional radiology, and intraductal tumor ablative therapies has been reported. Stent migration and bile leakage can be minimized with proper stent selection and technique, and stent blocks can be managed with EUS-guided interventions in a majority of cases. Future comparative studies are required to establish the role of EUS-guided interventions in MHBO as rescue or primary therapy.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.1-20
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• 1988

There's been arguments on the different morphological status between the nucleus accumbens septi and nucleus fundus striati of ventral striatum. Authors carried out the comparative study on the neuronal cell types of these nuclei, in the chick and the rat. Results are summarized as follows: In the nucleus accumbens septi of the chick, there found 3 main cell types. Type I cells are oval or spindle-shaped. They are the most abundant cell types, comprising more than 80% of neurons. The pale nucleus is usually indented. The cytoplasm is also pale and contains small amount of mitochondria, rough r-ER and Golgi complexes. This cell has a few symmetric synapses on the cell membrane. Type II cells are pale large cells. They are polygonal or irregularly-shaped. They contain pale spherical nucleus, and the pale cytoplasm with relatively large amount of mitochondria, free ribosomes and well-developed Golgi complexes. Some axo-somatic synapes are found on the cell. Type III cells are oval or spherical-shaped. The nucleus is relatively pale and large, In the dense cytoplasm, well developed. r-ER formed typical Nissl's body, and there found many mitochondria, ribosomes and lysosomes. In the chick fundus striati nucleus, there also found 3 main cell types. Type I cells are small and spindle-shaped. This type is the most abundant one and constitutes more the 80% of the neurons. Morphological features other than it's shape, is generally similar with that of Type I cell in the nucleus accumbens. Type II cells are irregularly shaped large cells. Dense cytoplasm contains large amount of cell organelles. Some axo-somatic synapses are found. Type III cells are small dense cells. This oval cell contains the oval nucleus, and the plentiful cytoplasm with well developed r-ER, ribosomes and mitochondria. In the nucleus accumbens septi of the rat, there found 4 main cell types. Type I cells are small, oval or spherical cells, comprising more than 90% of all the neurons. Spherical nucleus shows typical chromatin rim along the nuclear membrane. Dense cytoplasm contains many ribosomes and mitochondria. Type II cells are large oval cells. The eccentric nucleus is deeply invaginated. Pale cytoplasm contains large amount of ribosomes, Golgi complexes, mitochondria, and dense bodies. Type III cells are pale, large, oval cells. They contain moderate amount of ribosomes and mitochondria, and some scattered stacks of r-ER. Type IV cells are small pale cells. Small oval nucleus is indented and shows chromatin rim. Only small amount of ribosomes and mitochondria can be found. In the nucleus fundus striati of the rat, there also found 4 main cell types. Type I cells are spherical or oval cells, comprising more than 90% of the neurons. The chromatin rim of the spherical nucleus is not so prominent as compared to the rim of type I cell in the nucleus accumbens septi. The cytoplasm contains moderate amount of mitochondria, ribosomes and some scattered r-ER. A few axo-somatic synapses were found. Type II cells are small round or polygonal cells. Golgi complexes are especially well-developed in this cell type. The cytoplasm also contains moderate amount of mitochondria, ribosomes, and dense bodies. Type III cells are small cells. The large nucleus shows prominent chromatin rim. The cytoplasm contains many ribosomes and mitochondria. Type IV cells are large, spheircal or oval cells. The nucleus is deeply indented. The plentiful cytoplasm contains large amount of ribosomes, mitochondria, Golgi complexes, neurotubules, but not r-ER. In the present study, it is clear that the nucleus accumbens septi and the nucleus fundus striati are independant cell groups, according to their cytoarchitectonics and the ultrastructural features of their cell types.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.89-100
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• 2000

아프리카 왕달팽이 (Achatina fulica) 및 산민달팽이(Incilaria fruhstorferi)의 타액을 분비하는 관들을 전자현미경을 통해 관찰한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. Achatina fulica의 소엽내관과 소엽간관은 대부분 원형또는 타원형의 도우넛(dough-nut)형태로서 관을 구성하는 내강세포는 세포의 경계가 불분명하며 세포질은 손가락 마주끼기와 같은 많은 주름들로 구성되어 있었다. 이들의 세포상단에는 미세융모가 잘 발달해 있었다. 반면 Incilaria fruhstorfer의 소엽내관과 소엽간관은 불규칙한 단층원주상피로 구성되어 있고, 전자밀도가 높은 세포질 속에는 다소 불규칙한 구형의 과립들로 가득차 있었다. 세포의 상단에는 미세융모의 발달이 미진하였다. Achatina fulica의 타액관은 내강이 비교적 좁은 긴 관상구조를 하고 있었다. 내강상피세포들은 세포의 경계가 불분명하고, 세포질 속에는 많은 공포와 전자밀도가 낮은 투명과립들로 가득 차 있었고 이들 상피세포의 상단에는 길이가 짧고 가늘은 미세융모가 발달해 있었다. 반면 Incilaria fruhstorfer의 타액관은 Achatiana fulica의 타액관 보다 그 직경이 $65\times250{\mu}m$정도로 더 넓었으며 같은 구조의 내강상피로 구성되어 있었고 상피세포의 상단에는 치밀반과 같은 연접장치가 자주 관찰되는 특징도 보였다. Achatina fulica와 Incilaria fruhstorferi 타액선내 혈관들은 타액선 세포사이에 있는 결합조직에서 주로 관찰되었으며 내피세포들은 대부분 불규칙한 구조이고 전자밀도는 높아서 어둡게 관찰되었다. 이들은 사상족을 내어 포식현상을 보였다.