• 한국분말재료학회지
• /
• 제7권1호
• /
• pp.42-49
• /
• 2000

Densificationbehavior of conventional austenitic stainless steel powder compacts was studied by comparing the relative density of sintered compact(Ds)with that of green compacts(Dg)prepared with various catbon contents and P/M process. Dg of 304and 316 powders by warm compaction under pressure of 686 MPa at heating temperature of powder(553K) and dies (573K) were 80% and 81%, repectively, whichwere 2 and 3% higher than those of conventional green compacts at the same pressure. Ds of 304 compacts sintered at 1373K in H2 gas has the same value of 84% max. regardless of compacting temperature, and Ds of 316 compacts at the same sintering conditions were 80% by conventional compaction and 83% by warm compaction. Oxygen contents of 304 and 316 sintered compacts were increased 1.43∼2.94% and 0.010∼0.921% higher than those of raw powders and warm green compacts, respectively. In other case, Ds of 316 compacts sintered at 1573K in vacuum had the same value of 86%max. And Ds of 316 compacts at the same sintering conditions were 83% and 86% by conventional and warm compaction, respectively. Oxygen contents of 304 sintered compacts were 0.321% and 0.360%, and in case of 316, they were 0.419% and 0.182% by the respective compating condition. With carbon additions in the range 0.1∼0.6% Ds increased to the extent of 86∼89% in 304 sintered compacts, and to 82∼84% and 85∼87% in 316 according to different two compacting peocesses compared to those of sintered compacts without carbon addition.

• 한국세라믹학회지
• /
• 제32권9호
• /
• pp.1047-1055
• /
• 1995

Mn-Zn ferrite granules were formed by a spray-drying method of the slurry containing different kinds and concentrations of binders at various temperatures. The slurry was made by conventional ceramic processing method, that is, by mixing Fe2O3, MnO, ZnO powders (52 : 24 : 24 mol%), calcining and milling. Typical shape of the spray dried granules was spherical. The compaction behavior of these granules was dependent on the spray-drying temperature and the kind and concentration of binders. At lower pressure the granules were displaced and at higher pressure the granules were deformed and fractured to fill pores among the granules. The optimum concentration of the binder was 0.5wt%. The granules containing 0.5wt% PVA 205 were deformed and fractured well and the green density was higher than others. At higher concentrations of the binder the granules were deformed rather than fractured, therefore the green density was lowered because of the remaining unfilled pores. The decomposition temperature and the heat released were increased with increasing the concentration of the binders. The compaction response of the granules containing PVA 205 was more efficient than those containing PVA 217 and PVA 117. Green density was not dependent on the degree of hydrolysis of the binders. The compaction response of the granules spray-dried at 15$0^{\circ}C$ was most efficient.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
• /
• 제16권1호
• /
• pp.37-43
• /
• 2015

우리나라는 사계절이 뚜렷하며 여름에는 고온다습한 무더운 날씨를 보이고 겨울에는 혹한의 날씨가 지속된다. 이러한 계절적 특성을 고려하여 국내 토공 분야에서는 많은 연구들이 있었으나 대부분의 연구가 지반의 동결 융해에 초점을 맞추어 이루어졌다. 이러한 연구들은 시공 당시의 기온에 따른 지반특성을 반영하지 못하였으며 상온에서 다져진 지반을 대상으로 실시되었다. 그러나 동절기 다짐의 경우 상온에서의 다짐과는 다른 지반상태를 나타낼 것으로 예상되며, 그에 따른 동결 융해로 인한 강도 및 변형 특성 또한 다르게 나타날 것으로 판단되나 이를 고려한 연구는 아직까지 전무한 상황이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 $-3^{\circ}C$와 $-8^{\circ}C$에서 주문진 표준사에 카올리나이트를 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%의 중량비로 혼합하여 다짐시험을 실시하였으며, 상온($18^{\circ}C$)에서의 다짐곡선과 비교하여 온도 및 세립분 함량에 따른 다짐 효과를 살펴보았다. 시험 결과, 동결 온도에서 다짐 시 최대건조단위중량이 감소하는 경향을 보였으며, $-8^{\circ}C$ 이하에서 다짐 시공 시 시방서의 다짐기준을 만족하지 못하는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국도로학회논문집
• /
• 제13권4호
• /
• pp.133-142
• /
• 2011

본 연구에서는 국토해양부 기준으로 제시된 선회 다짐횟수를 가열아스팔트 혼합물과 중온아스팔트 혼합물을 이용하여 검증하는데 그 목적이 있다. 다짐횟수 검증을 위하여 굵은골재최대치수 13mm와 19mm 1등급 골재와 가열아스팔트 혼합물용 PG64-22와 PG76-22, 중온아스팔트 혼합물용 PG70-22 아스팔트를 사용하였다. 또한, 각각의 바인더 별로 권장 다짐온도를 기준으로 4가지 온도에서 선회다짐 100회와 마샬다짐 75회의 다짐량을 비교하였다. 두 다짐기를 공극률 상으로 평가할 때 전반적으로는 선회다짐기의 다짐이 다소 더 잘 되었다. 공극률에 대한 분산분석 결과 두 다짐기 사이에 19mm 혼합물에서는 통계적 유의차가 나타났고 13mm의 경우 유의차가 나타나지 않았다. 특히 일정 다짐온도 이하에서 다졌을 경우 두 다짐기 모두 다짐이 불량하여 다짐온도를 확보하여 다짐하는 것이 매우 중요한 것으로 나타났다. 따라서, "가열 아스팔트 혼합물의 생산 및 시공"에서 제시한 선회 다짐횟수 100회는 지침에서 제시한 아스팔트 혼합물의 다짐온도를 준수한다면 마샬다짐기 양면 75회 다짐과 유사하거나 다소 좋은 다짐 량을 나타내는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
• /
• 제32권2호
• /
• pp.53-62
• /
• 2016

흙의 다짐 특성에 영향을 주는 주요인자 중 하나인 온도는 지역과 계절에 따라 다양하게 변화하는 특성을 가진다. 최근 동토지방에서 많은 토목공사가 시행되고 있지만, 온도와 관련된 흙의 다짐기준 및 지침을 정량화할 수 있는 문헌은 미비한 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구는 온도에 따른 흙의 다짐특성을 시험을 통해 평가하고자 하였다. 시험을 위해 러시아 시베리아, 캐나다 앨버타 주 오일 샌드 지역 등에서 자주 쓰이는 성토재료인 모래의 온도별 다짐특성을 나타낼 수 있는 주문진 모래를 사용하였으며, 표준다짐시험을 흙의 다양한 온도조건($-10^{\circ}C$에서 $17^{\circ}C$)에서 수행하였다. 시험 결과 영상 온도에서는 다짐 시 벌킹 효과로 인해 흙 공시체의 부피 팽창이 발생하였으며, 그 범위는 0%~6%이였다. $0^{\circ}C$에서 $17^{\circ}C$까지 온도가 증가하면서 최대 부피(최소 건조단위중량)에 해당하는 함수비는 감소하였고, 최소 부피(최대 건조단위중량)에 해당하는 함수비는 온도가 증가함에 따라 약간 증가하였다. 영하 온도의 경우 함수비가 추가됨에 따라 건조단위중량은 지속적으로 감소하였다. 영하 온도에서는 벌킹이 발생하지 않았으며 물의 단위부피보다 얼음의 단위부피가 더 크기 때문에 흙 공시체의 부피가 증가하였다.

• 소성∙가공
• /
• 제16권4호
• /
• pp.244-249
• /
• 2007

The influence of powder compaction pressure on the hydraulic cylinder block fabricated by powder metallurgy is investigated in this study. The cylinder block is compacted with powder under various compaction pressures and then sintered, and its density and dimensions are measured to reveal the relationship of the powder compaction pressure with the product quality. Moreover, finite element analyses of the density distributions are carried out under the same conditions with the experiments and the predicted results are compared with the measured ones.

• 한국분말재료학회지
• /
• 제12권1호
• /
• pp.24-29
• /
• 2005

Nano Fe-6.5wt%Si powders have been synthesized by mechano-chemical process (MCP) for an application of soft magnetic core. Owing to hard and brittle characteristics of Fe-6.5Si nano powders having large surface area, it is very difficult to reach high density more than 70% of theoretical density (~7.4 g/$cm_3$) by cold compaction. To overcome such problem a magnetic pulsed compaction (MPC), which is one of dynamic compaction techniques, was applied. The green density was achieved about 78% (~5.8 g/$cm_3$) by MPC at room temperature.

• 한국분말야금학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국분말야금학회 2006년도 Extended Abstracts of 2006 POWDER METALLURGY World Congress Part2
• /
• pp.740-741
• /
• 2006

The achievement of high density at reasonable cost is one of the major challenges of the P/M industry. One of the key factors contributing to the compressibility of a mix is the lubricant. New experimental lubricants enabling higher green density by conventional compaction or temperature-controlled die compaction were identified. The compaction and ejection characteristics of these new lubricants as measured with a fully instrumented lab press are presented and compared to that of conventional lubricants.

• 한국재료학회지
• /
• 제28권3호
• /
• pp.166-173
• /
• 2018

Molybdenum (Mo) is one of the representative refractory metals for its high melting point, superior thermal conductivity, low density and low thermal expansion coefficient. However, due to its high melting point, it is necessary for Mo products to be fabricated at a high sintering temperature of over $1800-2000^{\circ}C$. Because this process is expensive and inefficient, studies to improve sintering property of Mo have been researched actively. In this study, we fabricated Mo nanopowders to lower the sintering temperature of Mo and tried to consolidate the Mo nanopowders through ultra high pressure compaction. We first fabricated Mo nanopowders by a mechano-chemical process to increase the specific surface area of the Mo powders. This process includes a high-energy ball milling step and a reduction step in a hydrogen atmosphere. We compacted the Mo nanopowders with ultra high pressure by magnetic pulsed compaction (MPC) before pressureless sintering. Through this process, we were able to improve the green density of the Mo compacts by more than 20 % and fabricate a high density Mo sintered body with more than a 95 % sintered density at relatively low temperature.

• 한국분말재료학회지
• /
• 제16권3호
• /
• pp.223-230
• /
• 2009

The compaction response of $TiO_2$ nano powders with an addition of Ti powders prepared by magnetic pulsed compaction and subsequent sintering processes was investigated. All kinds of different bulk exhibited an average shrinkage of about 12% for different MPCed pressure and sintering temperature, which were approximately 50% lower than those fabricated by general process (20%) and a maximum density of around 92.7% was obtained for 0.8GPa MPCed pressure and $1400^{\circ}C$ sintering temperature. The addition of Ti powder induced an increase in the formability and hardness of the sintered $TiO_2$. But the lower densities were obtained on sintering with addition of over 10 (wt%) Ti powder due to generation of crack during sintering. Subsequently it was verified that the optimum compaction pressure in MPC and sintering temperature were 0.8GPa and $1400^{\circ}C$, respectively.