• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.71-82
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• 2012

This study analyzed factors affecting daily travel times at each stage of commuters' life cycle. In this study, travel times were dealt with in the context of trip chain. That is, the travel time was defined as the total amount of time commuters had spent to move for daily activities from leaving to coming back home. A commuter's life cycle was divided into 6 stages on a basis of both householder's age and family type: i.e., the unmarried youth period, the family forming period, the children education period, the children youth period, the children independence period, and the aged period. Variables such as commuting times, home-based trip cycle recurrences, and the number of stops differed for each stage of life cycle, the latter of which represents how many places a commuter dropped by during a trip cycle. Several factors were found to affect commuting times at each stage of life cycle as a result of applying a Cox proportional hazard model. The empirical study was conducted using 2010' household travel survey data collected from Gyeonggi-do.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.14 no.2 s.36
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• pp.77-88
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• 2006

Overpopulation has been one of the most serious problem of the Seoul Metropolitan Area (SMA), which consists of the City of Seoul, Incheon, and the whole of Gyeonggi Province. People have been still moving into SMA, especially being concentrated into the fringe of Seoul. This study examines the inner city decline phenomenon of SMA which can be easily found in large cities over the world, based on the demographic data of these area. In addition, this study monitors the imbalance in growing of SMA by analyzing RMI (Rank Mobility Index), and the inverse relation between the self sufficiency of the adjacent area and the commuting rate to Seoul by analyzing commuting data. Even though the total population has been unchanged, the internal change of population was substantial. The growth of Seoul Metro region was placed near the city of Seoul, especially commuter data reassured the population concentrations. The results will be useful in urban planning and growth management.

• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.49-64
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• 2018

In this study, we propose a methodology of center setting based on commuter traffic in the Seoul metropolitan area, and compared with the center setting method in previous studies. For this purpose, the center was derived by performing factor analysis and spatial autocorrelation analysis using the interregional commuting traffic for the administrative districts of the metropolitan area. In addition, we compared the results of applying each methodology of previous studies by classifying the methodologies into four categories: single index - based, multiple index - based, nonparametric, and spatial statistical method. As a result, some similar centers including major centers in Seoul were derived, but different results were obtained for each methodology and it was found that there were limitations in setting the multi sub-centers. Through this study, it can be reaffirmed that it is necessary to establish and supplement the spatial structure plan based on the new center system in the situation where the seoul metropolitan area of the polycentric spatial structure is now being discussed in the context of the urban realms.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.536-553
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• 2011

New urbanization different from the manufacturing based urban growth has been widely discussed in post-modern city, consumption city and others to reflect the urban changes in qualitative manner. Urbanization stage models consider large cities to be in mature stage, reurbanization and the stages are assumed to be experienced successively in lower sized cities. However, since the industrial restructuring implies new urbanization experiences, this study examines new urbanization in diverse aspects such as the population change and the geographic and social characteristics of commuters and migrants for the 6 large cities in Korea. Seoul follows the urbanization stages in order while other 5 large cities are divergent in their transition from the industrial city. Regional large cities reveal broad reverse commuting and selective in-migration of economically active households for better work and housing opportunities available in central cities. Similar to the consumption city thesis with enhanced cultural and recreational amenities in western cities, the widening urban residential function including housing and other services is a new urbanization characteristic of large cities in Korea.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.77-87
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• 2010

In the last five years, Korea has supplied many more bicycle facilities than in the last several decades combined. However, have bicyclists increased in proportion to investment? If bicyclists are avoiding existing bicycle related facilities, including off-road bicycle facilities, it could be because suppliers did not consider bicyclists' preferences in their planning process. In this paper, the authors tried to understand the bicyclists' behavioral and route choice characteristics using stated preference surveys and a logit model, using commuting time in Daejeon Metropolitan City, Korea. The results show that nine factors affect the route choice behavior of bicyclists. In particular, bicyclists preferred sub-arterial roads to off-road, dedicated bicycle facilities in residential area. It means that bicyclists like a seamless bicycle route and that a buffer zone between car lanes and bicycle lanes or 50 km/h speed limits for cars are necessary for bicycle lanes that are not physical separated.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.29 no.2D
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• pp.267-273
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• 2009

To predict the urban growth trend and to prevent the metropolitan problems, it is important to track the spatio-temporal changes in the urban spatial structure. Commuting is inevitable and regular activities emerging in the metropolitan region. Therefore, it can be a useful to examine the interregional interaction and the urban spatial change. The purpose of this study is to investigate the urban interaction between Seoul and cities around Seoul Metropolitan Region, and GIS functions helped analysis and visualized results. An analysis of current commuting data using the Gravity Model suggests that the interaction between Seoul and its peripheral cities has been intensified from 1990 to 2000 and that the urban interaction was closely related to the distance. And the southward distribution of the cities having a strong interaction with Seoul accounts for the imbalance in growing of Seoul Metropolitan Region.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.561-579
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• 2008

The population concentration in Seoul has caused the chronic housing shortage. Accordingly the new towns in the Capital region were developed to alleviate overcrowding conditions in Seoul. The purpose of this study is to analyze changes of migration and commuting patterns according to new town development in the Capital region for the period of $1995{\sim}2005$. Further this study examines the changes of self-sufficiency level for new towns using jobs to housing ratio. During the last 10 years, the migration pattern in the Capital region has been pretty much followed the new town development. Such a migration pattern has influenced the commuting patterns, expanding the Seoul Metropolitan Area into northeastern par of the Capital region. The result reveals that self-sufficiency levels of new towns have become higher over the period of $1995{\sim}2005$, indicating that new towns are gradually strengthening their economic functions and have potential to become new business centers in the future. Therefore, the policy focusing on the increase of the job-housing balance ratio and self-sufficient level in new towns will be a desirable policy alternative to solve the transportation problems in the Capital region.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.639-650
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• 2023

Economic development has resulted in the concentration of population and industry in the metropolitan area. Additionally, the Republic of Korea is experiencing this phenomenon, with more than half of the population living in the Seoul capital area. To alleviate this concentration of population, the Korean government implemented the new town development policy. Unfortunately, this has led to an increase in the commuting population, causing an imbalance in transportation services due to financial and policy differences in each region. This paper analyzes the level of user satisfaction with mega commuting in three aspects: mobility, accessibility, and connectivity. To objectively assess the level of user satisfaction, which is qualitative data, the Rasch Model is used to analyze the collinearity of user data. The results indicate that the level of user satisfaction differs by region, and service satisfaction with mobility is lower than that with accessibility and connectivity. Therefore, prior to the introduction of new town policies, it is necessary to develop metropolitan transportation infrastructure.

• The Mathematical Education
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.55-59
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• 1985

In this paper we obtain several results on the existence of common fixed points, of commuting mappings on PM-spaces and give an application. Our results generalize a multitude of fixed point theorems in PM-spaces.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.569-575
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• 2000

In this paper, a unique common fixed point theorem for a sequence of mutually contractive and commuting sequence of self mappings on Menger spaces has been proved.