• 한국임상약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국임상약학회 2007년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.169-169
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• 2007

• 한국임상약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국임상약학회 2007년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.167-167
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• 2007

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.119-126
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• 2017

Background: As the demands of pharmacist's role and quality performance have increased, the verification of pharmacist's ability has been required. In this study, we aimed to select appropriate items for assessment of pharmacist's knowledge, attitude and performance. Methods: Based on the pharmacist job analysis, we selected duties and tasks in consideration of applying pharmacy practical examination through brainstorming of internal researchers and group discussion with experts. Survey was conducted to evaluate the tasks according to the criteria detailed below: Realistic, Understandable, Measurable, Behavioral and Achievable (RUMBA). The subjects included professors at colleges of pharmacy and instructors of institutional or community pharmacy settings. Results: Nine duties including 41 tasks were drawn for the survey through primary internal researchers. Of the 90 respondents, 95.6% were professors or preceptors who was engaged in practical training, and 62.2% had more than five years of practical experience. As a result of survey and discussion with expert panel, selected seven duties were selected as followings: 'Patient (customer) reception', 'Drug preparation and distribution', 'Patient care', 'Administration', 'Patient counseling', 'Non-prescription medication counseling', and 'Provision of drug information'. The final 20 tasks from seven duties were chosen to assess skills that a pharmacist should be able to perform. Conclusion: This is the first study to select the items that can be included in pharmacist practical examination in the future, based on the RUMBA criteria. As a next step, it is necessary to study how to implement these items.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.18-28
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• 2003

An appropriate parent role model for alcohol, tobacco and other drug abuse prevention in adolescence was designed as part of a comprehensive effort to reduce the use of alcohol, tobacco and other drugs by underage youth. The content of the model offers a new and positive chemical health model. The model calls for development of a set of guidelines that can provide the framework for examining alcohol, tobacco and other drug use. The actions of adults in the community, especially parents, are very important factors in whether or not youth use chemicals. So these guidelines can be used to assist parents and other adults with questions such as, what can we say to young people about using alcohol, tobacco or other drugs except that it's against the law? At what age and times are discussions appropriate? What can we do to make our community a healthier place in which young people can make better decisions about alcohol, tobacco and other drug use? The model acknowledges and affirms the legal and appropriate use of alcohol and other drugs as well as supports the decision not to drink. It encourages participants to consider their own guidelines for using and not using alcohol and other drugs. The guidelines can also be used as the basis for early intervention when use is illegal, unhealthy or risky. It is important to note that the model affirms healthy and appropriate use as well as nonuse.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.75-81
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• 2005

Community acquired pneumonia (CAP) remains a prevalent and potentially life threatening illness. American Thoracic Society and Infectious Disease Society America recommend combination therapies with ${\beta}-lactam$ plus a macrolide or a fluoroquinolone monotherapy for the empirical treatment of CAP. The aim of this study was to compare moxifloxacin monotherapy with cephalosporin plus azithromycin combination therapies. From January 2004 to March 2005, 18 patients in the moxifloxacin group(MG) and 21 patients in the cefuroxime or ceftriaxone plus azithromycin group(CAG) with CAP were retrospectively reviewed with regard to clinical, laboratory and microbiological data. Each patient was stratified into mild (risk class I-II), moderate (risk class III) and severe (risk class VI, V) group according to and PSI (Pneumonia Severity Index) score. Each group was compared for microbiological eradication, clinical assessment, the length of hospital stay. As results, Total 39 patients with CAP were reviewed. The appropriateness of admission was 83.3% in MC vs. 76.2% in CAC. The mean length of the hospital day was for 8.31 days vs. 7.39 days, days switching parenteral to oral antibiotics in 5.19 days vs. 5.28 days, clinical improvement in 2.43 days vs. 2.61 days in MG vs. CAC. Radiological improvement required 3.75 days vs 3.63 days in MG vs. CAG and bacteriological eradication rate at discharge was the same in the both groups. Mortality rate was 11.1% (2 of 18) vs 14.3% (3 of 21) in MG vs. CAG (p=0.77). Drug cost of the mean 5 hospital days requiring parenteral antibiotics was the most inexpensive in moxifloxacin group for the 147,045 won, and ceftriaxone 1g-azithromycin group for the 170,285 won, cefuroxime bid-azithromycin group for the 207,800 won, ceftriaxone 2g-azithromycin group far the 220,570 won, cefuroxime tid-azithromycin group for the 251,700 won. There was no significant statistical difference in clinical, bacterial, radiological cure and hospital days, and switch to oral days. In conclusion, that i.v. moxifloxacin monotherapy was as effective as azithromycin plus cefuroxime or ceftriaxone combination therapies fur the treatment of CAP. In drug cost analysis, moxifloxacin is less expensive than CAG.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.134-138
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• 2016

Objectives: Season of birth, an exogenous indicator of early life environment, has been related to higher risk of adverse psychiatric outcomes but the findings for Alzheimer's disease (AD) have been inconsistent. We investigated whether the month or season of birth are associated with AD. Methods: A nationwide nested case-control study including all community-dwellers with clinically verified AD diagnosed in 2005 to 2012 (n=70 719) and up to four age- sex- and region of residence-matched controls (n=282 862) residing in Finland. Associations between month and season of birth and AD were studied with conditional logistic regression. Results: Month of birth was not associated with AD (p=0.09). No strong associations were observed with season (p=0.13), although in comparison to winter births (December-February) summer births (June-August) were associated with higher odds of AD (odds ratio, 1.03; 95% confidence interval, 1.00 to 1.05). However, the absolute difference in prevalence in winter births was only 0.5% (prevalence of those born in winter were 31.7% and 32.2% for cases and controls, respectively). Conclusions: Although our findings do not support the hypothesis that season of birth is related to AD/dementia risk, they do not invalidate the developmental origins of health and disease hypothesis in late-life cognition. It is possible that season does not adequately capture the early life circumstances, or that other (postnatal) risk factors such as lifestyle or socioeconomic factors overrule the impact of prenatal and perinatal factors.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.205-212
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• 2010

The prescription sheets for outpatients from July 2008 to June 2009 from 7 community pharmacies in Ulsan City were surveyed for the anti-inflammatory drug (AID) prescription pattern. The AID prescription rate of pediatricians and ENT physicians were 30.0% and 34.8%, respectively. The oral steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (SAIDs) were prescribed as much as 3.9% by pediatricians and 10.3% by ENT physicians. The chiefly prescribed oral SAID was prednisolone in pediatric clinics and methylprednisolone in ENT clinics. Meanwhile the prescription rate of oral non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) was 22.5% by pediatricians and 21.4% in ENT physicians. The most favorable NSAIDs were propionate derivatives in both clinics. In case of externally-applied SAIDs, the prescription rate of pediatricians was 3.6% and that of ENT physicians was 2.8%. Among them, nasal spray, inhalant and gargle formulations for upper respiratory infection (URI) treatment occupied 35.8% of externally-applied SAIDs in pediatric clinics and 59.7% in ENT clinics. Further, it was observed that ENT physicians favored much stronger SAIDs in Group III of ATC classification (75.4% of externally-applied SAIDs) than pediatricians (49.2%). In the survey of AID combination rate, pediatric clinics showed much lower rate (1.4% of total AID prescriptions) than ENT clinics (7.5%). Among them, the combination rate of oral SAID and oral NSAID by ENT physicians (52.2% of total AID combinations) was much higher than pediatricians (36.6%), which might be over-prescription of AID agents. In conclusion, the AID prescription rate as well as AID combination rate, especially in SAID prescriptions, was much higher in ENT than pediatric clinics, which implies the higher confidency on AID drugs of ENT physicians even though the severity of patient's symptom could be considered.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.270-278
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• 2020

Background: Although the identification of clinical and laboratory features in pediatric COVID-19 patients is essential in establishing an appropriate treatment plan, a systematic review and meta-analysis on the topic has yet to be reported. Methods: We searched MEDLINE, Embase, and Web of Science to access clinical and laboratory characteristics as well as clinical outcomes of children with COVID-19 infection. A meta-analysis using random-effect model was performed to estimate pooled prevalence and 95% confidence intervals. Results: Among the 532 studies initially collected, 12 articles were finally included in the meta-analysis. Among the investigated 320 pediatric patients with COVID-19, fever (48.2%) and cough (39.3%) were the most common symptoms. Almost one third of patients (30.4%) were asymptomatic. In laboratory findings, only 11.4% of pediatric patients experienced lymphocytopenia. Increased inflammatory markers including c-reactive protein (18.6%) and procalcitonin (32.4%) were observed. Only a few patients needed mechanical ventilation and intensive care support, and only one death was reported. Conclusion: Pediatric patients with COVID-19 infection exhibited milder symptoms and more favorable outcomes compared to adults. However, considering the high rate of asymptomatic pediatric patients, close monitoring is required to prevent community infection in asymptomatic conditions and hidden disease progression.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.238-242
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• 2018

Background: The appropriate use of drugs is very important for a healthy life, as appropriate medication must be taken correctly for successful treatment of a disease. The purpose of this study was to investigate the self-efficacy between health status and drug abuse behavior. Methods: The subjects of this study were selected from 15 workshops located in Seoul, Incheon, Daejeon, and Chungnam, and, convenience sampling was conducted for each employee between September, 2017 and October 2017. A total of 204 questionnaires were analyzed. The questions evaluated health status, self-efficacy, drug abuse behavior, and general characteristics. Results: First, there was no difference in health status according to the general characteristics of the subjects. The self-efficacy varied according to gender, educational background, and monthly income, but not by marital status and residence area. In addition, drug abuse behaviors differed according to gender, residence area, and monthly income, but not by marital status and education level. Second, drug abuse behavior negatively correlated with health status and self-efficacy. Third, regression analysis showed that the self-efficacy between the health status and drug abuse behavior had a partially mediating effect. Conclusion: In patients with poor health status, it is necessary to increase their self-efficacy to reduce reduce drug abuse. Therefore, regular education programs targeting efficacy and drug knowledge are required in the community.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제52권2호
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• pp.125-139
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• 2016

생물막은 미생물들의 표면 부착 성장으로부터 유래된 복잡하게 구조화된 미생물들의 군집이다. 인간의 삶속에서 생물막은 다양한 감염을 매개하고 여러 사회, 문화, 산업 시설물들에서 많은 문제를 일으킨다. 생물막에 대한 이해가 과학자들에게 큰 관심을 끌고 있기는 하지만, 자연계에 존재하는 다양한 생물막을 직접 연구하는 것은 매우 어렵다. 따라서 다양한 연구실에서 생물막을 형성하기 위한 다양한 모델 시스템들이 제안되어 왔으며, 이들 모델에 기반한 많은 생물막 연구 방법들이 실제 생물막 연구에 쓰이고 있다. 이러한 생물막 모델들은 실제 환경속의 생물막들의 특징들을 모사하고 있지만 각기 나름대로의 장단점들을 가지고 있다. 본 리뷰에서는 현재 사용되고 있는 생물막 모델 시스템들을 소개하고, 그들의 장단점들을 설명하고자 한다.