• 한국태양에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.04a
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• pp.43-48
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• 2008

Through simulations and field experiment on A.C. parallel operation of both Utility Interactive Photovoltaic System and Diesel Engine Revolving Field Type Synchronous Generator, following factors have been found. First, the inverter should be operated in three modes of frequency(mode.1: ${\pm}$0.3Hz, mode.2: ${\pm}$1Hz, mode.3: ${\pm}$2Hz) as default, considering properties of operating Synchronous Generator. Second, as a result of supplying 13.5kW of residual power, it has been found that Synchronous Generator takes the power input only as reactive power, because it was electrically stable with frequency of 60.14Hz and high voltage of 222.3V even when power factor was -0.94. Besides, it was mechanically stable, too, because the quake, noise, and temperature of Synchronous Generator in this case were 7.5mm/s, 97dB, and $6^{\circ}C$ respectively, which were lower than normal load connection of 145.6kW; 11.03mm/s. Thus, load share of Revolving Field Type Synchronous Generator reduces according to the supply of Photovoltaic System to the load power. In this experiment, 200kW of Synchronous Generator and 40kW of Photovoltaic System were operated in parallel. The load share was 20% in maximum. and 11.1lit/hr of fuel was saved.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.733-744
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• 2013

This study was to investigate characteristics of Seoho watershed in Suwon city. $BOD_5$ and SS were selected due to the one of the important factors of the water qualities. Monitoring was conducted monthly for four years during the non-rainfall time. Also, we have been monitored $BOD_5$, $COD_{Mn}$, SS, TN and TP with two times sampling after the rainfalls. The highest concentrations of $BOD_5$ and SS were observed in downstream compare with upstream and midstream during the non-rainfall time. No change was observed in $BOD_5$ and $COD_{Mn}$ during the non-rainfall time and after the rainfalls. The monitoring result indicated that the concentration of SS was the highest in downstream after the rainfalls. We have collected the samples two times after the rainfalls. The rainfall intensity in first sampling was two times higher than second sampling. TN and TP concentrations were increased with increasing the rainfall intensity at all stream. The ESB (Ecological Score of Benthic macroinverterbrate community) index was used to evaluate the statement of stream. ESB results were identified that the upstream is protected waters and the down and midstream is reformed waters. EBS analysis results indicated that the Seoho watershed was ${\beta}$-mesosaprobic at all stream.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.103-112
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to determine the incomplete aspects of the government pilot project 'Livable City Making' Also, the study was conducted to consider a plan that residents will satisfy for the realization of the project. The study used a case study and a survey method in research process. For the case study, two projects in Busan that have similar planning were chosen. The contents of the survey included the residents' interest in their housing area, their recognition and opinions of the pilot project, their satisfaction about the environmental alterations, and their thought about conditions of sustainable housing. The main results of this study were as follows. First, the residents were satisfied with the alteration of the street space and the provision of green and open spaces. Meanwhile they revealed that the preservation of the natural environment and the vitalization of community are insufficient. Second, they also believed that the construction of the pedestrian streets, the provision of parking lots, and the remodeling of the deteriorated buildings are incomplete. Third, the residents believed that the following provisions need to be made for successful sustainable housing waste discharge needs to be minimized, facilities need to be used for saving energy, opportunities for employment need to be provided within their housing areas, and safe street spaces and comfortable traffic systems need to be provided.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.2747-2751
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• 2013

In this study we assessed the dietary phytochemical index in relation to the risk of breast cancer in women. This case-control study was conducted on 100 incident breast cancer cases and 175 healthy controls. Data regarding socio-demographic factors, medical history, medications, and anthropometric measurements were collected. Dietary data were obtained using a validated food frequency questionnaire and a energy-adjusted dietary phytochemical index (PI) was calculated. The odds ratios of breast cancer were assessed across energyadjusted PI quartile categories. The mean age of participants was $46.2{\pm}8.9$ and $45.9{\pm}9.4$ years in cases and controls, respectively. The mean PI across quartile categories was $13.9{\pm}2.6$, $21.1{\pm}1.8$, $26.7{\pm}2.1$, $41.6{\pm}10.2$ in the first, second, third and fourth quartiles, respectively. After adjustment for all potential confounders, the risk of breast cancer in the forth quartile of dietary PI was significantly decreased (OR=0.08, 95%CI=0.01-0.84). Higher intake of phytochemical-rich foods is associated with lower risk of breast cancer.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.249-258
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• 2007

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is one the most common prostate diseases in middle aged and elderly men. This study was conducted to investigate diet and lifestyle risk factors for benign prostatic hyperplasia in a community-dwelling free-living population group. The dietary data were collected from the 601 male subjects aged 50-79 years using the 24-hour recall method. The mean age of the BPH group ($63.0{\pm}7.9$ years) was significantly higher than that of the non-BPH ($58.8{\pm}7.4$ years). Among many nutrients, the amount of animal fat intake was increased while that of carbohydrate intake decreased in subjects with BPH compared to those with non-BPH. In BPH subjects, the proportion of energy from fat was also greater than in subjects with non-BPH. The logistic regression analysis on the food consumption data showed that the consumption of total animal food was increased while that of mushrooms was decreased in patients with BPH compared to the subjects with non-BPH. The age-adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidences limits for BPH incidence in subjects whose milk and milk products, beverages and alcoholic liquors intake was greater than the median were 1.796 (1.167-2.782) and 1.738 (1.129-2.676) respectively, compared to those in subjects whose intakes were below the median. These results may be applicable in the development of a nutrition intervention and education program toward a reduction in the risk for benign prostatic hyperplasia.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.60 no.4
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• pp.118-123
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• 2017

Purpose: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a problem in the community. TB patients usually experience malnutrition, which is characterized by both decreased body weight (BW) and body fat percentage (BFP). Leptin, an important regulator of BW, also plays an important role in cellular immunity, which is integral to defense against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. We analyzed the effect of an anti-TB treatment regimen on the leptin level, BW, and BFP of children with TB. Methods: The design of this study was a group interrupted time series. The subjects were children with probable TB according to clinical criteria based on an Indonesian scoring system adopted from the Consensus of Expert Panel. BW; BFP; energy intake; fat and protein intake; and leptin levels before, 2 months after (intensive phase), and 6 months after (continuation phase) anti-TB treatment, were measured. About 40 children, aged 5-14 years, participated in this study. Results: The BW, BFP and leptin level increased from before treatment to after completion of the intensive phase and still showed an increased during the continuation phase: BW 18.65 kg, 19.75 kg, and 20.85 kg; BFP 18.3%, 19.5%, and 20.2%; and leptin level 1.9 mg/dL, 3.07 mg/dL, and 3.4 mg/dL, respectively (P<0.01). Conclusion: Leptin level, BW, and BFP increased throughout the course of anti-TB treatment, compared with pretreatment values. Further research is needed to compare the results with data for healthy children.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.157-169
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• 2010

This study has intended to devise a comprehensive rural planning, driven by residents based on ecological rural amenity paradigm for Busu area, Boeun-gun, South Korea. To reach the goal, this study has performed the following processes. First, we have analyzed the elements of threat, opportunity, weakness, and strength in both inside and outside village through 'SWOT analysis. Second, through strategic analysis and consultation, we have proposed developmental directions of Busu area. Third, based on an ecological rural amenity planning system composed of ecological economy system, ecological environment system, ecological history-culture system, ecological image system, and ecological society system, we have suggested research projects of each system Fourth, we selected projects through a general meeting with all stakeholders. Fifth, the selected projects were applied to Busu area by village residents and experts. Finally, the projects, which were appraised and revised by experts, residents, and governmental officers, were composed of ecological scenic agriculture center, resident's site for city dweller, energy independent village, eco-road, eco-pond, ecological park and parking lot, restoration of traditional culture, zone of ecological scenic agriculture, eco-tunnel, eco-fence, landmark, corporate identity, community center, forum and seminar, and education for residents' empowerment.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.303-314
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• 2011

Surface albedo is an important parameter of the surface energy budget, and its accurate quantification is of major interest to the global climate modeling community. Therefore, in this paper, we consider the direct solution of kernel based bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) models for retrieval of normalized reflectance of high resolution satellite. The BRD effects can be seen in satellite data having a wide swath such as SPOT/VGT (VEGETATION) have sufficient angular sampling, but high resolution satellites are impossible to obtain sufficient angular sampling over a pixel during short period because of their narrow swath scanning when applying semi-empirical model. This gives a difficulty to run BRDF model inferring the reflectance normalization of high resolution satellites. The principal purpose of the study is to estimate normalized reflectance of high resolution satellite (RapidEye) through BRDF components from SPOT/VGT. We use semi-empirical BRDF model to estimated BRDF components from SPOT/VGT and reflectance normalization of RapidEye. This study used SPOT/VGT satellite data acquired in the S1 (daily) data, and within this study is the multispectral sensor RapidEye. Isotropic value such as the normalized reflectance was closely related to the BRDF parameters and the kernels. Also, we show scatter plot of the SPOT/VGT and RapidEye isotropic value relationship. The linear relationship between the two linear regression analysis is performed by using the parameters of SPOTNGT like as isotropic value, geometric value and volumetric scattering value, and the kernel values of RapidEye like as geometric and volumetric scattering kernel Because BRDF parameters are difficult to directly calculate from high resolution satellites, we use to BRDF parameter of SPOT/VGT. Also, we make a decision of weighting for geometric value, volumetric scattering value and error through regression models. As a result, the weighting through linear regression analysis produced good agreement. For all sites, the SPOT/VGT isotropic and RapidEye isotropic values had the high correlation (RMSE, bias), and generally are very consistent.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.424-432
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• 2020

The present study aimed to analyze the metaproteome of the microbial community comprising harmful algal bloom (HAB) in the Daechung reservoir, Korea. HAB samples located at GPS coordinates of 36°29'N latitude and 127°28'E longitude were harvested in October 2013. Microscopic observation of the HAB samples revealed red signals that were presumably caused by the autofluorescence of chlorophyll and phycocyanin in viable cyanobacteria. Metaproteomic analysis was performed by a gelbased shotgun proteomic method. Protein identification was conducted through a two-step analysis including a forward search strategy (FSS) (random search with the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), Cyanobase, and Phytozome), and a subsequent reverse search strategy (RSS) (additional Cyanobase search with a decoy database). The total number of proteins identified by the two-step analysis (FSS and RSS) was 1.8-fold higher than that by one-step analysis (FSS only). A total of 194 proteins were assigned to 12 cyanobacterial species (99 mol%) and one green algae species (1 mol%). Among the species identified, the toxic microcystin-producing Microcystis aeruginosa NIES-843 (62.3%) species was the most dominant. The largest functional category was proteins belonging to the energy category (39%), followed by metabolism (15%), and translation (12%). This study will be a good reference for monitoring ecological variations at the meta-protein level of aquatic microalgae for understanding HAB.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.69.2-69.2
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• 2011

The discovery of dark energy from Type Ia supernovae (SN Ia) is based on the implicit assumption that the look-back time evolution of SN Ia luminosity, after light-curve corrections, would be negligible. A strong support for this assumption was the apparent insensitivity of SN Ia distances across the host galaxy morphologies. However, Hicken et al. 2009 (H09) shows a systematic difference in the Hubble residual (HR) of $0.144{\pm}0.070$ mag between the E-S0 and Scd/Sd/Irr galaxies, after light-curve corrections. If true, this indicates that the light-curve fitters used by the SN Ia community can not correct for the population age (and therefore the evolution) effect. In order to confirm this, we have combined nearby SN Ia samples and the first-year SDSS-II SN Survey. The SNANA package was used for analyzing SN Ia light-curve, both for the MLCS2k2 and SALT2 fitters. We find a systematic difference in the HR of $0.10-0.13{\pm}0.030$ mag between E-S0 and Scd/Sd/Irr galaxies, which is in agreement with the result of H09, but now at the 3-5 ${\sigma}$ level. Considering the significant difference in the mean age of stellar population between these morphological types, the difference in the HR reported here suggests that the evolution effect of SN Ia luminosity should be considered in the cosmological application of SN Ia data.