• Korean Journal of Hazardous Materials
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.12-17
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• 2014

With a rapid growth of domestic industry in korea, now about 25,000 kinds of chemicals are being distributed, and it has been known that just about 15% of them has toxic substances. Recently, South Koreans have an anxiety about the stability and accidents of chemicals because chemical accidents like Gumi hydrofluoric acid accident have occurred. The U.S. has adopted the systems like EPCRA (Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act), TRI (Toxic Release Inventory) and TSCA (Toxic Substances Control Act), and is also managing the hazardous chemicals by providing the information about them to its people and site workers. Japan's Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare also has adopted J-CHECK system and is implementing it to let Japanese people know the information of safety of chemicals about REACH. However, the Korean government has a difficult situation to mediate the different idea with the Korean industry to make lower statute of Pre-legislation registration & evaluation of chemicals that will be implemented and Chemical Material Control Association that is being implemented. Especially city and country areas located in the industrial areas need political improvement focusing on vulnerable area through the check about current situation of hazardous chemicals of jurisdiction and management method, but the information about the management situation of small scale work places is insufficient. Therefore this study set up the urgent management area in Ansan Smart Hub through NFPA code according to the types of accident and dander characteristics of each chemical being used in the companies that have less than 50 workers and deal with chemicals located in Ansan Smart Hub in Gyeonggi-do.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.235-243
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• 1985

A survey of 113 children, aged 4 to 6 years, of the San Cheon a day care center, located in the upland, over populated, poor area of Seoul City, was conducted from July 28 to September 6, 1982, to investigate the dietary and nutritional status, and prevalence of parasitic inpection. House size was 10.1 Pyung; number of households per house, 3.1; number of family member per household, 4.8; and number of family members living together per room, 3.7; on the average. Only 49% of households possess own houses and the others live in the rented houses. About 40% of mothers were engaged income-producing activities within or outside of the home. Mean values of height, weight, arm circumference, girth of chest, and girth of head ranged from 98.4 to 102.2% of KIST mean. However, 13% of the subjects were assessed as undernutrition for 'weight for height'. Mean value of hemoglobin was $12.9{\pm}2.9\;g/dl$ and mean hematocrit value was $35.2{\pm}5.5%$; 17.9% of the subjects were proven to be anemic according to the criteria of the WHO. The positive prevalence of parasitic inpection was 3.3%, significantly lower than that observed in any other area, probably because of community parasitic control project. Intakes of energy and nutrients except thiamin and ascorbic acid were far below RDAs. Carbohydrates for energy provided 71. 2 to 73.8% of total energy intake; protein accounted 11.3 to 12.2%; fat provided 14.5 to 16.6%. Energy intake was divided among breakfast, lunch, evening meal and snack, on the average, in a percentage of 22.0; 23.4; 24.4; 30.2. There was significant correlation between pattern of food consumption and nutrient intakes. The nutrient intakes and quality of foods were highly correlated to the maternal factors, especially mother's educational level. The study suggested that development of nutrition guides for mother and children would be needed to improve nutritional status of those young children.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.1-10
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• 1979

This study was conducted to abbess dietary intake and eating habits of low-income persons aged 60 years or elder. 212 persons were surveyed between July 10 and August 17, 1978 ; 105 from the farming village of Yang-ju, Kyunggi province; and 107 from Karakdong, an area of redevlopment in the suburbs of Seoul. Results were as follows : 1 ) Family environment 84% of elderly persons surveyed, lived with their children; 13.2%, together as a couple; and 1.9%, widowed, lived alone. More than half on the households had an average monthly income of \50,000 to \30,000. The average Engel index was 61.2%. As for pocket money, 56.4% of male subjects had \l,000 to \7,000 per month, whereas 74% of female had less than \1,000. 2) Anthropometric measurements 59.9% of subjects were $70{\sim}90%$ of standard weight, 93% had an arm circumference only $60{\sim}80%$ of the standard. 3) Food and nutrient intake Carbohydrate provided 73.4 to 79.4% of total energy intake, whereas protein and fat accounted for 10.4 to 10.5% and 8.3 to 7.8%, respectively. Those over 65 years of age showed a somewhat greater dependence on carbohydrates for energy, than those under 65. Protein intake was only $42{\sim}52%$ of the recommended allowance. and the proportion of animal protein to total protein was only $2.1{\sim}9.3%$ far below the recommended allowance. Thus the protein nutrition of the subjects was proven to be inadequate qualitatively as well as quantitatively. Intake of energy and of all nutrients except vitamin A and ascorbic acid, were lower than recommended. 4) Correlational assessment The correlation coefficient between poor dental health, clinical sign score, appetite index, dietary balance and nutrient intake, was significant (0<0.01). Poor teeth, illness, and poor appetite were always associated with inadequate intake of energy and nutrients. The results of this survey reveal that many of elderly of the rural and urban poor show evidence of general malnutrition, The authours hope that this study will provide a back. ground and indicate the direction that community health and welfare programs may take to assure proper nutrition for the elderly.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.203-210
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• 2020

Spatial variation of diffracting wave amplitudes along a semi-infinite breakwater is investigated using the analytical solution of Penney and Price (1952) for wave diffraction. On the front side of the breakwater, the fluctuation of wave amplitudes due to diffracting waves would cause a wave force greater than that of superposed incident and reflected waves. The diffracting wave phase varies in circular shape from the breakwater tip of (x, y) = (0, 0) whereas the incident and reflected wave phases vary in planar shape. So, the total wave amplitude of the incident (or reflected) waves and the diffracting waves would fluctuate at a position away from the energy discontinuity line. The position (x, y) = (0, y) on the front and lee sides of the breakwater is at a distance y(π/2 - β) of the point on the energy discontinuity line along the diffracting wave crest line. The degree of reduction of the diffraction wave energy is proportional to the distance from the point on the energy discontinuity line along the diffracting wave crest line. Therefore, the diffracting wave amplitudes on the front and lee sides of the breakwater would be inversely proportional to the square root of y(π/2 - β).

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.99 no.4
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• pp.597-602
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• 2010

The most basic matter to establish forest carbon circulation village is statistic on greenhouse gas emissions. But currently, although there is statistic on greenhouse gas emissions in the level of city or province, there is not statistic on greenhouse gas emission in village unit. According to the results, The model area is located in Seobyeok-ri, Chunyang-myeon, Bonghwa-gun, Gyeongsangbuk-do, the total $CO_2$emissions caused by energy used in the model area was $1,755tCO_2$. Heating accounts for 55% of total emissions followed by 23% for power and 22% for vehicles. The model area emitted $572tCO_2$ due to rice growing and livestock raising, accounting for approximately 24.5% of total $CO_2$ emissions. It is expected that a reduction of as much as $884tCO_2$ emissions will be made from the current $964tCO_2$ to a level of 1/12th that amount, or $80tCO_2$ by replacing heating energy currently used in the model area with wood bioenergy such as wood chips or pellets. In addition, carbon emission reduction is expected for both heating and power by replacing the power consumption in houses, buildings, and street lights with solar power.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.1-36
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• 2019

In line with the international community's movement to reduce greenhouse gas emission, Korea implemented FIT(Feed in Tariff) in 2002 as part of its renewable energy development project. Although the policy had shifted to full-scale RPS(Renewable Portfolio Standards) in 2012, policymakers are still seeking changes due to policy ineffectiveness. While previous studies explain sudden policy changes through external factors, recent research sheds light on internal factors in the process of policy transition. The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors that are responsible for rapidly changing policies in latecomer nations. In order to find this, we look at the case of transition from the FIT to the RPS in Korea's expansion of renewable energy policy. As a result of the research, it is confirmed that the Top-Down decision making system of Korea and the external regulatory change cause rapid policy transition. By looking at these variables, we propose useful implications for policymakers to minimize the policy failure in future policy design and evolution.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.266-274
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• 2022

In this study, a smoothing method was applied to improve the accuracy of peak wave period estimation using the water surface elevation observed from the Oceanographic and Meteorological Observation Tower located on the west coast of the Korean Peninsula. Validation of the application of the smoothing method was per- formed using variance of the surface elevation and total amount wave energy, and then the effect on the application of smoothing was analyzed. As a result of the analysis, the correlation coefficient between variance of the surface elevation and total amount wave energy was 0.9994, confirming that there was no problem in applying the method. Thereafter, as a result of reviewing the effect of smoothing, it was found to be reduced by about 4 times compared to the confidence interval of the existing estimated spectrum, confirming that the accuracy of the estimated peak wave period was improved. It was found that there was a statistically significant difference in proba- bility density between 4 and 6 seconds due to the smoothing application. In addition, for optimal smoothing, the appropriate number of smoothings according to the significant wave height range was calculated using a statistical technique, and the number of smoothings was found to increase due to the unstable spectral shape as the significant wave height decreased.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.460-474
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• 2010

This study was performed to assess the physical activity, food habit and nutrient intakes by gender and age groups in 193 adults aged 20-59 years (84 men and 109 women) in Pusan. Data for physical activity and dietary survey was assessed by a questionnaire and 24hr recall method. The mean BMIs of men and women were 24.0 and 22.2 respectively and BMI of women in the 20-29 years group (20.9) was significantly lower than that of women in the 30-49 and 50-59 years group (22.7, 23.2) (p < 0.01). 56.0% for men and 44.0% for women exercised regularly. The mean exercise duration per once of men (69.7 minutes) was significantly higher than that of women (52.4minutes) (p < 0.01). The mean exercise duration per day was 36.0 minutes for men and 29.9 minutes for women. 67.9% for men and 78.0% for women often skipped meals and 68.4% for men and 69.4% for women skipped breakfast in the main. The mean energy intake of men was 2067.2 kcal and that of women was 1783.1 kcal comprised of 87.2% and 92.1% of the Estimated Energy Requirements (EER). The mineral intakes of men and women were over Recommended Intake (RI) and Adequate Intake (AI) except calcium and potassium. The mean calcium intake was 88.3% for men and 84.0% for women of RI. The mean potassium intake was 63.3% for men and 59.2% for women of AI. The mean vitamin intakes of men and women were over RI and AI except vitamin C and folic acid. The mean vitamin C intake was 92.5% for men and 85.6% for women of RI. The mean folic acid intake was 76.6% for men and 70.0% for women of RI. The mean energy, protein, sodium and zinc intakes of men were significantly higher than those of women (p < 0.01, p < 0.05, p < 0.05, p < 0.05). The mean vitamin $B_6$, vitamin C and folic acid intakes of men in the 20-29 years group were significantly lower than those of men in the 30-49 and 50-59 years group (p < 0.01, p < 0.05, p < 0.05). For energy, proportions of subjects with intake levels less than 90% EER were 64.3% for men and 56.0% for women. For calcium, proportions of subjects with intake levels less than Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) were 52.4% for men and 59.6% for women. For folic acid, proportions of subjects with intake levels less than EAR were 78.6% for men and 83.5% for women. For iron and phosphorus, proportions of women (36.7%, 14.7%)with intake levels less than EAR were significantly higher than those of men (6.0%, 1.2%) (p < 0.01, p < 0.001). For men, age was positively correlated with intakes of potassium, vitamin $B_6$, vitamin C and folic acid (p < 0.05, p < 0.05, p < 0.05, p < 0.01). For men, weight showed significantly negative correlations with intakes of carbohydrate, phosphorus, potassium, zinc, vitamin $B_6$ and folic acid (p < 0.01, p < 0.05, p < 0.05, p < 0.05, p < 0.01) and BMI showed significantly negative correlations with protein, lipid, phosphorus, potassium, zinc, vitamin E and folic acid (p < 0.05, p < 0.05, p < 0.05, p < 0.05, p < 0.05, p < 0.05, p < 0.05) For men, exercise duration per once showed significantly positive correlations with intakes of calcium, phosphorus, potassium, zinc, vitamin $B_1$, vitamin $B_2$, niacin, vitamin C and folic acid (p < 0.01, p < 0.05, p < 0.01, p < 0.05, p < 0.05, p < 0.01, p < 0.01, p < 0.01, p < 0.05). Therefore, nutritional education for adult health management is needed by gender and age groups.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.1-13
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• 2006

The purpose of the study was to identify the level of housing choice behavior by using the factors of residential satisfaction level, mobility motivation, and housing needs of potential purchasers in Bukgu New Housing Area, Ulsan. The survey used questionnaire from 326 households living in Bukgu and nearby area and analyzed using descriptive statistics. The research results showed low degree of residential satisfaction in storage space and neighborhood. The mobility motivations were improvement of physical environment improvement, education environment, walking road, view and lighting. The housing needs for indoor spaces showed to want more functional arrangement than the room size. The housing needs for outdoor spaces showed to want neighborhood environment in connection with the education or hospital facilities, the welfare facilities for pre-kindergarten children and elders and the leisure facilities. And the housing needs for facilities were floor furnishing for health, crime prevention system for safety needs, housekeeping appliance against environmental pollution, additional function for energy saving. The housing needs for common spaces showed that the residents preferred playing facilities by age group, exercise facilities, the community hall and the rest room which can do games or meetings.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.1-11
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• 2012

Eco-village has been regarded as an alternative to accomplish sustainable development for rural village. This study has intended to develop comprehensive planning indicators to establish an eco-village based on such aspects of sustainable development as economy, environment, and society. To reach this objective, this study has set up six goals as follows: 1) ecological production activities for agriculture, 2) resource circulation and energy independence in the economic domain; 3) building cultural and historical succession and community activation, and 4) living together with surrounding regions in social domain; and 5) maintaining environmental habitat, and 6) restoring natural ecosystem in environmental domain. Based on these goals, this study has developed the planning indicators to build an eco-village through case study, literature review, survey for suitability, and factor analysis. This study has found 17 strategies and 47 planning indicators in accordance with the six goals.