• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.82-90
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• 2001

Objective : This study is for taking data for the clinical application of scalp acupunture(頭針). Methods : I made 29 patients an object of this study. They were diagnosed as Stroke and hospitalized in Dong-shin Univ. Korean Traditional Medicine Hospital from March, 2001 to May, 2001. They were divided into two groups. One was an experimental group, treated by 2 methods - common acupunture therapy and scalp acupunture(jung-sup jeon who-sa-sun(頂攝前 後斜線). The other was an control group, treated only by common acupunture therapy. Results : In an experimental group, there were 8 excellent cases(57.14%) and 6 good cases(42.86%). In an control group, there were 3 excellent cases(20%), 10 good cases(66.6%) and 2 improved cases(13.33%). There was no significant difference in variable of effects according to treatments. Conclusions : I thought that it needed to prove effects of scalp acupunture(頭鍼) for efficient application by more clinical data from now.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.54-64
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• 2002

Objective : The one of the main cause in back pain & sciatica is HNP of L-spine. This study is for taking data for the clinical application of Bee-Venom Acupuncture on HNP of L-spine. Methods : This clinical study was carried out 24 patients with HNP of L-spine, who had been admitted from March, 2001 to November, 2001. We devided the patients into two groups; One was an experimental group, treated by 2 methods-common acupuncture therapy and Bee-Venom Acupuncture. The other was an control group, treated only by common acupuncture therapy. Results and Conclusion : In an experimental group, there were 4 excellent cases (33.33%) and 5 good cases(41.67%). In an control group, there were 2 excellent cases (16.67%) and 5 good cases (41.67%). We thought that it needed to prove effects of Bee- Venom Acupuncture for efficient application by more clinical data from now.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.116-124
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• 2000

This clinical study was carried out 15 cases with lumbar spinal stenosis patients, who had been admitted and diagnosed by Computed Tomography from June, 1999 to May, 2000, in the department of acupuncture and moxibustion. Hanseo University Oriental Medical Nospital. The results obtained from this study were as follows; 1. We investigated 10 female and 5 male patients. The age distribution was from early 20's to 70's, among which 30's and 50's were most common. 2. The most common duration of symptom was less than a year(46.7%). 3. Regarding to the number of the involved levels, one was 12 cases(80%), two was 3 cases(20.0%). In the one level cases, L4~5 was the most common involved site. 4. Regarding to the clinical symptoms, low back pain was the most common, followed by lower extremity radiating pain, intermittent claudication, lower extremity paresthesia. 5. In orthopaedic examinations, positive sign in Milgram test was 80.0%, positive sign in straight leg raising test was 40.0%, and positive sign in Braggard test was 33.3%. Inneurologic examinations, sensory loss was seen in 60.0%, motor weakness and decreased deep tendon reflex were 26.7% in each. 6. According to clinical symptom scale proposed by Chae(1989), grade I1I was the most common (53.3%), followed by grade II, grade IV, grade I . 7. According to treatment outcome scale proposed by Chae(1989), Good was the most common (73.3%), followed by Excelleat, Fair and Poor.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.15
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• pp.6095-6098
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• 2014

Background:Cervical cancer is potentially the most preventable and treatable cancer. Despite the known efficacy of cervical screening, a significant number of women do not avail themselves of the procedure due to lack of awareness. Objectives: This study was conducted to elicit information on the knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) regarding screening (Pap test) and vaccination for carcinoma cervix among female doctors and nurses in a tertiary care hospital in Bangalore and to assess barriers to acceptance of the Pap test. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted with semi-structured, self-administered questionnaire among female health professionals. The study subjects were interviewed for KAP regarding risk factors for cancer cervix, Pap test and HPV vaccination for protection against carcinoma cervix. Results: Higher proportion of doctors 45 (78.9%) had very good knowledge as compared to only 13 (13.3%) of the nurses, about risk factors for cancer cervix and Pap test (p=0.001). As many as 138(89.6%) of the study subjects had favorable attitude towards Pap test and vaccination, but 114 (73.6%) of the study subjects never had a Pap test and the most common reason 35 (31%) for not practicing was absence of disease symptoms. Conclusions: In spite of good knowledge and attitudes towards cancer cervix and Pap test being good, practice remained low among the study subjects and most common reasons for not undergoing Pap test was absence of disease symptoms. The independent predictors of ever having a Pap test done was found to be the occupation and duration of married life above 9yrs. Hence there is a strong need to improve uptake of Pap test by health professionals by demystifying the barriers.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.83-94
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• 2019

Article 17 of the Marine Insurance Act (MIA) states that "A contract of marine insurance is a contract based upon the utmost good faith, and if the utmost good faith be not observed by either party, the contract may be avoided by the other party." In the Carter v. Boehm case, Lord Mansfield was the first to provide a comprehensive description of the duty of utmost good faith, which is analyzed here. This judgement not only laid the foundation for the Modern English Insurance Act, but it also influenced the draft of the English Insurance Act of 2015, which aimed at correcting distortions that occurred during the application of statue law and common law thereafter. The duty of utmost good faith, applied between Lord Mansfield's insured and insurer presents the context of information asymmetry of the insured and insurer entering contracts. In the absence of information asymmetry, in contrast to the effects of being in both sides of the duty of utmost good faith, alleviating the duty of disclosure of the insured, and it is also clear that the warning of the severity of the retrospective avoidance of the breach of duty of disclosure and the need for its limited application have already been pointed out. Furthermore, considering the principle of retrospective avoidance, the duty of utmost good faith should be understood as a concept limited to the duty of disclosure before a contract is concluded

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.175-178
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• 2011

Inversion injury of the lateral ankle ligaments is very common. Few studies, however, have focused on avulsion fracture of the lateral ankle ligaments. A fracture producing a small fragment usually avulsed from lateral malleolus and may be easily misdiagnosed as a sprain because the fragment is superimposed on the lateral malleolus and goes undetected on early radiographs, especially in skeletally immature patients. We present a case of isolated avulsion fracture of the talar attachment of the anterior talofibular ligament in 13-year-old male patient. Diagnosis was confirmed by computed tomography and avulsed fragment was fixed to original talar footprint with suture anchors. A high level of suspicion must be maintained to obtain an accurate diagnosis of avulsion fracture in inversion ankle injury because of the high incidence in children and to prevent recurrent instability.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.137-154
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• 2019

This study analyzes the major provisions of the UK Insurance Act 2015 and Marine Insurance Act 1906 on the duty of disclosure under the doctrine of utmost good faith. Marine insurance contracts are based on "utmost good faith" and one aspect of this is that MIA 1906 imposes a duty on prospective policy holders to disclose all material facts. In the Insurance Act 2015 of the United Kingdom, the contents of the precedent were enacted such that we have borrowed the legal principles of common law until now. The insurer is required to more actively communicate with the insurer rather than passively underwriting and asking questions of the insured. The Act details the insured's constructive knowledge of the material circumstance by reviewing the current case law and introduces a new system for the insurer's proportionate remedy against the insured's breach of the duty of fair presentation of risk. This is a default regime, which may be altered by agreement between the parties.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.28 no.12
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• pp.1061-1069
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• 2019

Common reed (Phragmites australis) is widespread in reclaimed land and wetland habitats. Every year, the common reed produces extensive colonies by means of underground rhizomes and ground-surface stolons. From an agricultural point of view, the common reed's large biomass is a good material for supplying organic matter. However, it has not yet been studied in terms of seedling production, transplanting conditions, and decomposition characteristics in reclaimed land. Seeds were harvested from the native common reed in Saemangeum, South Korea, the previous year and stored on an open field. The seeds were sowed in the greenhouse at the beginning of April. Common reed decomposition was studied from June to September, with the use of coarse mesh (5 mm) stem litterbags, on three samping dates and with five replicate packs per sample. These packs were dug in five soil condition (low-salinity topsoil, subsoil, high-salinity topsoil, subsoil, paddy topsoil) to 0.2 m and 0.4 m depth. The highest germination rate of common reed seeds was observed in non-salt solution, but the exhibited germination rate was 70% at 9.38 dS m^-1. The plant height of young reed decreased steadily with increasing salinity, but leaf number did not decrease by 9.38 dS m^-1. The survival rate of the two-year-old reed was 83.3%, which was 35% higher than that of the one-year reed. The transplant success rate was 0% in the no vinyl mulching in the soil, but the first year and second year seedlings survived rates were 63% and 83.3%, respectively, in vinyl mulching. Common reed decomposition rates were faster low salinity than high salinity. All nutrient contents were found to fluctuate significantly with time by soil conditions. We also need to study the growth rate of reed transplanting seedlings by soil moisture contents and the comparison of degradation in common reed tissues.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.81-91
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• 2011

Objectives & Methods: This suggestion was attempted to be elevated the recognition of common characteristics in disease. So, we performed to analyze the correlation of common cause of disease, characteristics of human body, and medical treatment. And the results are as follows. Results: 1. The cause of disease is consist of genetic factor, aging, habit, food of not good in health, weather, environment, deficit of the physical activity, stress and so on. 2. Generally, human has common and individual weakness. Individual weakness is appeared similar to the occurrence of volcano and lapse. 3. The correlation of disease and medical treatments is possible to explain using the quotation of the law of motion made by Isaac Newton, the great physicist. 4. When the process of the medical treatment was not progressed, the prognosis is determined by the correlation of the homeostasis(H') in human body and the homeostasis(H) of disease. 5. The prognosis of disease is determined by the relationship between the energy of disease(F) and medical treatment(F'). 6. The exact diagnosis is possible to predict the treatment sequence, and the facts that homeostasis in human body and disease, relationship between the energy of disease(F) and medical treatment(F'), action and reaction are important to determine the prognosis. 7. The careful observation of improving response and worsening action of disease becomes available for exact prognosis. Conclusion: The above described contents may be useful in clinical studies, and the concrete clinical reports about this will be made afterward.

• The Journal of Churna Manual Medicine for Spine and Nerves
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.15-20
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• 2012

Objectives : The aims of this study were to introduce the theory of traditional Chinese orthopedic theory(整脊理論) and to analyze the guideline of diagnosis and treatment of common spinal disorders by treating Chinese spinal manipulation technique(常見病中醫整脊指南). Methods : We have searched the web sites of traditional Chinese orthopedics association (整脊學會), a branch of the China academy of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), and related articles. Additionally, we analyzed the guideline of diagnosis and treatment of common spinal disorders by treating Chinese spinal manipulation technique which was introduced by that association at 7th academic conference in China in 2011. Results : The guideline was prepared by 2 year project leaded by professor Yi-zhong Wei who was a person in charge of the spinal manipulation guideline of national standardization committee of TCM in China. It was a summary of the whole theory of China spinal manipulation therapy in TCM and contained 22 common spinal disorders by the treatment of traditional Chinese Tuina methods. Spinal manipulation theory was summarized by one doctrine, two theories, and two important view points. The treatment method was abstracted as 8 major Tuina techniques. Conclusions : The guideline will be a way of advance of Chinese spinal manipulation technique. This will be a good reference to Korea Chuna manipulation for improving their techniques.