• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.111-127
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• 2022

This study examined how chicken breed affects consumer behavior. The breeds evaluated were a Korean native chicken (KNC) and a commercial broiler (CB). Consumer behavior was measured by evaluating sensory attributes (taste, odor, and texture) and purchase behaviors [satisfaction, purchase intention, and willingness to pay (WTP)]. The sensory evaluation was conducted using healthy Korean consumers (n=100). The chicken was cooked in baeksuk (Korean traditional chicken soup), which is a seasonal summer health food in Korea. The participants evaluated sensory attributes and purchase behaviors between blinded samples of baeksuk (CB) and unblinded samples of baeksuk (KNC). The sensory evaluation involved chicken breasts and legs. The participants considered KNC as having a more umami taste, a chewier and juicer texture, and a less metallic odor than CB. Moreover, when participants were given KNC breed information, they expressed higher satisfaction, purchase intention, and WTP. The results of this study contribute to consumer behavior literature by revealing the effects of breed information on consumer sensory perceptions and purchase behaviors. Furthermore, the findings provide evidence that branding KNC is one way to increase its demand and low market share while contributing to sustainable consumption.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제34권12호
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• pp.1995-2002
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• 2021

Objective: Detection of adulteration in processed meats is an important issue for some countries due to substitution of beef with a cheaper source of protein like poultry. In this study, the presence of chicken meat was investigated using real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) techniques to verify adulteration of fermented sausage samples. Methods: A total of 60 commercial samples were collected from 20 establishments in three replicates including 10 fermented sausage manufacturers and 10 butchers to investigate the presence of chicken meat with the sequential use of real-time PCR and ELISA techniques. In addition, pH, moisture content, water activity and color values of the samples were determined. Results: Both real-time PCR and ELISA showed agreement on the presence or absence of chicken meat in 55 out of 60 fermented sausage samples and chicken meat was identified with both methods in 16 samples. Five samples produced inconsistent results for the presence of chicken meat in the first run. Nevertheless, the presence of chicken meat was verified with both methods when these samples were analyzed for the second time. In addition, the average physico-chemical values of the fermented sausage samples tested positive for chicken meat were not significantly different from some of those fermented sausage samples tested negative for the chicken meat. Conclusion: The sequential use of real-time PCR and ELISA techniques in fermented sausages could be beneficial for the government testing programs to eliminate false negatives for detection of adulteration with chicken meat. Furthermore, consumers should not rely on some of the quality cues including color to predict the adulteration of fermented sausages with chicken meat since there were no statistical differences among some of the samples tested positive and negative for chicken meat.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.193-201
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• 2013

Many consumers are increasingly concerned about the meat they eat, and accurate labelling is important due to public health, economic and legal concerns. Meat species adulteration is a common problem in the retail markets. In this study, a TaqMan$^{(R)}$ quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was applied for its ability to quantify chicken meat, which was not indicated on the label, in 79 commercial pork products (ham, sausages, bacon and ground meat) producted by 10 different manufacturers. The amplification efficiency was 82.05% and the square regression coefficient ($R^2$) was 0.995. PCR results showed that 38.6% of ham samples, 50.0% of sausages samples, and 50.0% of ground meat samples were contaminated with chicken residuals, while the bacon samples were not contaminated with chicken residuals. Only twelve pork products of one of the manufacturers were in accordance with indicated in their labels. The PCR assay reported in this work could be particularly useful in inspection programs to verify the food labelling of commercial processed meats and to gain consumers' trust.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.464-468
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• 2017

The identification of pork in commercially processed meats is one of the most crucial issues in the food industry because of religious food ethics, medical purposes, and intentional adulteration to decrease production cost. This study therefore aimed to develop a method for the detection of pork adulteration in meat products using primers specific for pig mitochondrial DNA. Mitochondrial DNA sequences for pig, cattle, chicken, and sheep were obtained from GenBank and aligned. The 294-bp mitochondrial DNA D-loop region was selected as the pig target DNA sequence and appropriate primers were designed using the MUSCLE program. To evaluate primer sensitivity, pork-beef-chicken mixtures were prepared as follows: i) 0% pork-50% beef-50% chicken, ii) 1% pork-49.5% beef-49.5% chicken, iii) 2% pork-49% beef-49% chicken, iv) 5% pork-47.5% beef-47.5% chicken, v) 10% pork-45% beef-45% chicken, and vi) 100% pork-0% beef-0% chicken. In addition, a total of 35 commercially packaged products, including patties, nuggets, meatballs, and sausages containing processed chicken, beef, or a mixture of various meats, were purchased from commercial markets. The primers developed in our study were able to detect as little as 1% pork in the heat treated pork-beef-chicken mixtures. Of the 35 processed products, three samples were pork positive despite being labeled as beef or chicken only or as a beef-chicken mix. These results indicate that the developed primers could be used to detect pork adulteration in various processed meat products for application in safeguarding religious food ethics, detecting allergens, and preventing food adulteration.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.37-43
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• 2002

활성탄 0.9%와 오메가 3 계열을 다량 함유한 정어리유를 급여수준(0, 1, 2, 4%)에 따라 5주간 급여한 후 도계하여 흉심부위와 대퇴부위를 냉장온도(4$\pm$1$^{\circ}C$)에서 10일간 저장하면서 VBN, TBARS, 지방산 조성 변화를 조사하였다. VBN은 전 처리구에서 저장기간이 경과하면서 증가하였고(p<0.05), 처리구 사이에는 일정한 변화가 없었으며, 흥심부위와 대퇴부위간에는 흉심부위의 VBN이 더 높게 나타났다. TBARS는 저장기간이 경과함에 따라 전처리구에서 증가하였고 (p<0.05) 대조구는 처리구에 비하여 유의적으로 높은 경향을 나타냈었으며, 전반적으로 대퇴부위가 흉심부위의 TBARS 보다 높은 경향이었다. 계육의 주된 지방산은 oleic acid, palmitic acid, linoleic acid, stearic acid이었다. 저장기간이 경과하면서 전체 처리구에서 불포화지방산의 비율이 약간 감소하고, 포화지방산의 비율은 약간 증가하는 경향이었다. 처리구는 대조구에 비해 oleic acid, EPA, DHA의 함량이 높았다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.206-211
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• 2002

활성탄 0.9%와 오메가 3계열을 다량 함유한 어유를 급여 수준(0, 1, 2, 4 %)에 따라 5주간 급여하면서 사료효율을 측정하였으며, 5주째 도계하여 혈액 콜레스테롤, 일반성분, 무기물을 분석하고 pH의 변화는 4$\pm$1'E의 냉장고에 진공포장하여 저장하면서 10일간 조사하였다. 사료효율은 2, 3주는 약간 증가하였으나 4, 5주째는 증가하지 않았고, 혈액콜레스테롤은 어유 첨가구에서 대조구에 비하여 낮아지고 있었다. (p<0.05). 일반성분은 활성탄과 어유 첨가구에서 큰 차이가 없었고(p>0.05), 단백질은 흉심부위가 대퇴부위보다 약간 많았다. p보는 저장기간이 경과하면서 전 처리구에서 유의적으로 높아지고 있었으며(p<0.05), 활성탄과 어유 첨가구에서는 높은 경향이었고, 무기물은 활성탄 첨가구가 대조구보다 많았으며 활성탄과 어유를 함께 급여한 구는 어유 첨가량이 많을수록 무기물 함량은 약간 적었고, 부위별로는 흉심부위가 대퇴부위보다 많았다.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.207-212
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• 2016

본 시험은 국내 실정에 맞는 토종 실용계 생산을 위한 13교배종의 능력을 조사하기 위하여 수행하였다. 공시동물은 국내에서 사육되고 있는 토종 순종계를 이용하여 생산된 종계 부계통 2종(A, B)과 모계종 6종(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)을 교배하여 생산된 12종(1A, 1B, 2A, 2B, 3A, 3B, 4A, 4B, 5A, 5B, 6A, 6B)과 일반 토종닭 교배종('한협3호', HH)의 총 13종, 종당 100수씩 총 1,300수를 암수 합사하여 공시하였다. 시험사료는 0~7일령까지는 육계초이사료(CP 22.0% ME 3,150 kcal/kg), 8일령부터 체중 800 g까지는 육계전기사료(CP 19.0% ME 3,150 kcal/kg), 체중 800 g~12주령까지는 육계후기사료(CP 18.0% ME 3,150 kcal/kg)를 급여하였다. 주요 조사항목은 수정률과 부화율, 체중, 균일도, 사료요구율, 생산지수 그리고 경제성 등이었다. 수정률은 1B종이 가장 높았으며, 6B와 HH종이 낮게 나타났다. 수정란 대비 부화율은 87.5~89%, 입란대비 부화율은 76.9~92.3%로 나타났으며, 4B와 6B종이 낮은 수치를 보였다. HH종의 주령별 체중은 다른 교배종에 비해 낮게 나타났다. 체중의 CV가는 12.5~18.2%로 13종 모두 12%보다 높게 나타났으며, 특히 2B, 3B, 5B, HH종에서 높게 나타났다. 누적 사료요구율은 6, 8, 10, 12주령에 각각 1.7~2.3, 2.1~2.5, 2.4~2.7 및 2.7~3.2로 나타났다. 주령별 생산지수는 2A, 3A, HH종에서 낮게 나타났으며, 주령이 경과함에 따라 생산지수는 감소하였다. kg 증체당 사료비는 육계초기 1,069~1,255원, 육계전기 1,100~1,263원, 육계후기 1.468~1,696원으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과를 분석한 결과, 기존 토종닭보다 생산성이 우수하고 경제성을 갖춘 새로운 토종 실용계 선발이 가능하다는 결론을 도출하였다.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.307-314
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• 2023

Objective: Chicken essence and branched chain amino acid (BCAA) supplementation has been recognized to significantly relieve fatigue. To obtain chicken essence with high amounts of BCAA, spent hens herein was used to prepare dripped chicken essence (SCE) and compared with commercial dripped chicken essence (CCE) for in vivo anti-fatigue effect. Methods: To determine the effect on anti-fatigue by dripped chicken essence, the exhaustive swimming was performed. Thirty-two 7-week ICR mice were divided into four groups, which included the control group (CG), CCE, SCE-1X and SCE-2X. The mice were given daily oral administration (0.012 mL/g body weight/d). The fatigue index analysis was conducted weekly. Results: The results showed that SCE had a higher BCAA level as expected, and mice treated with dripped chicken essence (CCE and SCE) could significantly improve exercise performance. The lower blood lactate level, blood urea nitrogen level and creatine phosphokinase activity were found in the supplement of SCE group compared with the CCE group, which suggested that the SCE possessed strong anti-fatigue ability. This could possibly be due to the higher content of BCAA. Conclusion: In this study, SCE promoted recovery from physical fatigue in mice and elevated endurance ability. Among them, the double dose (SCE-2X) showed the strongest anti-fatigue ability. Taken together, spent chickens could be a good source of chicken essence to improve the effect of anti-fatigue.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.601-604
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• 2006

The objective of this study was to investigate technical methods for extraction of mucopolysachharide-protein containing chondroitin sulfate from keel cartilage of chickens. The chemical composition of chicken keel cartilage was determined. For the preparation of mucopolysaccharide-protein from lyophilized chicken keel cartilage, hot water extraction and alcalase hydrolysis methods were examined. Results showed that the optimum condition of hot water extraction was incubation for 120 min with a yield of 40.09% and chondroitin sulfate content of 28.46%. For alcalase hydrolysis, the most effective condition was 2% alcalase in 10 volumes of distilled water for 120 min. The yield of hydrolysate was 75.87%, and chondroitin sulfate content was 26.61%. For further separation of chondroitin sulfate from the alcalase hydrolysate, which has a higher yield than that of hot water, 60% ethanol precipitation was performed. The yield of the ethanol precipitate was 21.41% and its chondroitin sulfate content was 46.31%. The hot water extract, alcalase hydrolysate and ethanol precipitate showed similar electrophoretic migration with standard chondroitin sulfate (chondroitin sulfate A), using cellulose acetate membrane electrophoresis. These results indicated that a significant amount of mucopolysaccharide-protein containing chondroitin sulfate could be acquired form chicken keel cartilage. Therefore, keel cartilage in chicken may provide an inexpensive source of chondroitin sulfate for commercial purposes.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.293-296
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• 2011

This survey was conducted to promote the environment-friendly use and recycling of livestock feces by obtaining information about the current state of livestock feces composts manufactured in Gyeonggi Province. Therefore, some aspects of quality and manufacturing techniques of livestock feces composts (LFCs) were examined especially in relation to the LFCs quality standard (LQS). By surveying the 70 composting plants in Gyeonggi Province, the total commercial production of LFCs in 2008 was estimated to be about $480,000Mg\;year^{-1}$ and they were manufactured mainly by using both mechanical mixer and bottom air blower. LFCs were composed mainly of chicken feces 29.2%, pig+chicken feces 23.1%, pig feces 20.0%, livestock feces+oil cake 12.3%, pig+chicken+cattle feces 10.8% and pig+cattle feces 4.6%. On the basis of the current official standard which was revised on March 2010, 11 composts out of surveyed 76 ones did not meet the LQS due to inadequate content of water (5), OM/N (1), NaCl (2) and Zn (3). The satisfaction rate to LQS by manufacturers was 100% in the composts produced by farmer's cooperative societies, 80.7% by civil factories, and 44.4% by farming guilds, respectively. The OM/N declined by adding chicken feces and oil cake, while Ca content was increased by the addition of chicken feces and NaCl was increased by adding cattle feces.