• Animal Bioscience
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• 제34권8호
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• pp.1375-1381
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• 2021

Objective: This study was conducted to determine the effect of freeze-thawed cycles (Fresh meat, F-T 1 cycle and F-T 2 cycles) on the quality characteristics of porcine longissimus dorsi muscle. Methods: A total of 20 three-crossbred pigs (Duroc×[Large White×Landrace]) were randomly obtained from a commercial slaughterhouse in Thailand. Muscle samples were immediately taken from 10 to 11th of the longissimus dorsi for histochemical analysis. The muscles were cut into 2.54 cm-thick chops. A minimum of 20 chops were used for each treatment (fresh meat, freeze-thawed 1 and 2 cycles). Individually chops were packaged in polyethylene bags and frozen at -20℃ for 6 months followed by thawing in refrigerator at 4℃ for 24 h (the 1st freeze-thawed cycle). The freeze-thawed procedure was repeated for two cycles (the 2nd freeze-thawed cycle). Thawing loss, shear force value, citrate synthase activity and muscle fiber characteristics were determined on the muscles. Results: Results showed that increasing of freeze-thawed cycle increased the thawing loss (p<0.01) and citrate synthase activity (p<0.001). Shear force value of fresh meat was higher than freeze-thawed 1 and 2 cycles (F-T 1 cycle and F-T 2 cycles). Freeze-thawed cycles affected muscle characteristics. Muscle fiber area and muscle fiber diameter decreased with an increasing number of freeze-thawed cycles (p<0.001), while the thickness of endomysium and perimysium were increased (p<0.001). Conclusion: Repeated freeze-thawed cycles degraded muscle fiber structure and deteriorated pork quality.

• 공업화학
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.68-74
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• 2021

고분자전해질 연료전지 성능에서 기체확산층 압축률은 계면 접촉 저항과 전극으로의 반응물 전달 및 전극 내 수분 포화도에 영향을 주는 중요한 변수이다. 본 연구에서는 국내 상용 제품인 JNT20-A3를 이용하여 기체확산층 압축률에 대한 연료전지의 성능 평가를 수행하였다. 전극면적 25 ㎠ 단위 전지를 이용하여 상대습도 조건과 압축률에 대한 전기화학 임피던스 분광법과 분극 곡선을 측정하였다. 기체확산층을 18.6%에서 38.1%으로 압축시켰을 때 상대습도 100, 25% 조건에서 ohmic 저항이 각각 8, 30 mΩ·㎠이 감소하여 기체확산층 압축률이 증가할수록 접촉 저항이 감소하는 것과 동시에 막의 수화도가 증가하는 것을 확인하였다. 상대습도 조건에 대한 ohmic 저항의 변화 경향을 통하여, 압축률을 증가시켰을 때 기체확산층의 기공이 감소하여 공기극에서의 물 역확산과 전해질 막의 수화도가 증가하는 것을 확인하였다.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.652-661
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• 2021

Objective: Wooden breast (WB) is a novel myopathy affecting modern broiler chickens, which causes substantial economic losses in the poultry industry. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of WB abnormality on meat quality, redox status, as well as the expression of genes of the nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway. Methods: A total of 80 broilers (Ross 308, 42 days of age, about 2.6 kg body weight) raised at Jiujin farm (Suqian, Jiangsu, China) were used. Twelve unaffected (no detectable hardness of the breast area) and twelve WB-affected (diffuse remarkable hardness in the breast muscle) birds were selected from the commercial broiler farm according to the criteria proposed by previous studies. Results: The results indicated that WB showed histological lesions characterized by fiber degeneration and fibrosis, along with an increase of muscle fiber diameter (p<0.05). Moreover, higher pH value, lightness, yellowness, drip loss and cooking loss were observed in the WB group (p<0.05). Compared with the normal breast (NOR) group, the WB group showed higher formation of reactive oxygen species (p<0.05), increased level of oxidation products and antioxidant activities (p<0.05), accompanied with mitochondrial damages and lower mitochondrial membrane potential (p<0.05). Meanwhile, the relative mRNA expressions of Nrf2 and its downstream antioxidant genes including heme oxygenase-1, NAD(P)H qui none dehydrogenase 1, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and glutamate-cysteine ligase were higher than those of the NOR group (p<0.05). Conclusion: In conclusion, WB myopathy impairs meat quality by causing oxidative damages and mitochondrial dysfunction in broilers, even though the activated Nrf2/antioxidant response element pathway provides protection for the birds.

• 한국측량학회지
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.113-122
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• 2021

Urban expansion, particularly converting sub-urban areas to residential and commercial land use in metropolitan areas, has been considered as a significant signal of regional economic development. However, this results in urban climate change. One of the key impacts of rapid urbanization on the environment is the effect of UHI (Urban Heat Island). Understanding the effects of urban land cover change on UHI is crucial for improving the ecology and sustainability of cities. This research reports an application of remote sensing data, GIS (Geographic Information Systems) for assessing effects of urban land cover change on the LST (Land Surface Temperature) and heat budget components in Ho Chi Minh City, where is one of the fastest urbanizing region of Vietnam. The change of urban land cover component and LST in the city was derived by using multi-temporal Landsat data for the period of 1998 - 2020. The analysis showed that, from 1998 to 2020 the city had been drastically urbanized into multiple directions, with the urban areas increasing from approximately 125.281 km² in 1998 to 162.6 km² in 2007, and 267.2 km² in 2020, respectively. The results of retrieved LST revealed the radiant temperature for 1998 ranging from 20.2℃ to 31.2℃, while that for 2020 remarkably higher ranging from 22.1℃ to 42.3℃. The results also revealed that given the same percentage of urban land cover components, vegetation area is more effective to reduce the value of LST, meanwhile the impervious surface is the most effective factor to increase the value of the LST.

• 정보관리학회지
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.39-63
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• 2021

본 연구는 인천광역시 동구 지역 내 소재한 다양한 문화재 및 콘텐츠와 '2022 동구 Master Plan'에서 제시된 동구 발전권역을 바탕으로 도서관의 추가 건립 시 운영할 수 있는 특화 전략을 다음과 같이 제시하였다. 첫째, 인천광역시 동구 지역을 문화관광·테마관광권역, 역사문화권역, 중심상업권역, 기반산업권역 등 4권역으로 구분하여 각 지역별 문화재 및 콘텐츠 등 지역적 특성을 고려한 특화주제를 선정하고자 하였다. 둘째, 2022년 완공이 예정되어 있는 어린이 도서관의 특화 주제 및 전략을 지역적 특성을 고려하여 제안하였다. 셋째, 인천광역시 동구의 사회적 특성을 고려하여 대표도서관이 추진해야 할 특화 전략을 제안하였다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제54권6호
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• pp.460-465
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• 2021

Background: Metastasis and recurrence of primary cancer are the main causes of cancer mortality. Disseminated tumor cells refer to cancer cells that cause metastasis from primary cancer to other organs. Several recent studies have suggested that circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are associated with the clinical stage, cancer recurrence, cancer metastasis, and prognosis. There are several methods of isolating CTCs from whole blood; in particular, using a membrane filtration system is advantageous due to its cost-effectiveness and availability in clinical settings. In this study, an animal model of lung cancer was established in nude mice using the human large cell lung cancer cell line H460. Methods: Six-week-old nude mice were used. The H460 lung cancer cell line was injected subcutaneously into the nude mice. Blood samples were obtained from the orbital area before cell line injection, 2 weeks after injection, and 2 weeks after tumor excision. Blood samples were filtered using a polycarbonate 12-well Transwell membrane (Corning Inc., Corning, NY, USA). An indirect immunofluorescence assay was performed with the epithelial cell adhesion molecule antibody. The number of stained cells was counted using fluorescence microscopy. Results: The average size of the tumor masses was 35.83 mm. The stained cells were counted before inoculation, 2 weeks after inoculation, and 2 weeks after tumor excision. Cancer cells generally increased after inoculation and decreased after tumor resection. Conclusion: The CTC detection method using the commercial polycarbonate 12-well Transwell (Corning Inc.) membrane is advantageous in terms of cost-effectiveness and convenience.

• 한국항행학회논문지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.91-98
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• 2022

150m 이하의 저고도 영역에서 LTE (long-term evolution), 5G 등 상용 통신망을 이용한 드론 등 무인기 안전 운항을 위한 무인비행장치 교통관리 (UTM: unmanned aircraft system traffic management) 서비스가 여러 국가에서 연구 중에 있다. 본 논문에서는 국내 지형환경과 실제 이동통신 기지국 배치 상황에서 지상 사용자를 위한 LTE 셀룰러 네트워크를 이용하여 UTM 서비스를 위한 3차원 커버리지 확보가 가능한지 여부를 모의실험을 통해 분석하였다. 고도가 높아질수록 가시선 (LOS: line of sight) 간섭 기지국 수가 증가하여 신호대 간섭 잡음 전력비 (SINR: signal to interference plus noise ratio)가 나빠지나, 150m 이내 고도에서 일부 영역을 제외하고는 커버리지 확보가 가능함을 확인하였다. 음영지역에 대해서는 해당 영역 커버리지 보완을 위한 적은 수의 추가 기지국 배치로 음영지역 감소가 가능함을 확인하였다.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.264-275
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• 2022

A non-destructive environmental DNA protocol for the genetic analysis of sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus) resources DNA was established. Among the several commercial DNA extraction kits, the DNeasy^® Plant Mini Kit was selected as the best choice to obtain the high-quality genomic DNAs from the mucous sea cucumber. As the temperature and incubation time increased, the amount of extracted environmental DNA was also large, but it was judged that the increased amount did not affect as much as 2-3 times. Therefore, these conditions were not considered to be the main factors to consider in actual environmental DNA extraction. However, the amount of seawater relative to the size of the sample was judged as a major consideration, and a sufficient amount of environmental DNA for analysis was secured when stored within 1 min while stirring the volume of seawater corresponding to the total sea cucumber weight (g). In securing the environmental DNA of sea cucumbers, the mortality rate of sea cucumbers in all experiments was 0, and it was judged that the effects of sea cucumbers were not significant through this treatment. Through the results of this study, sea cucumber DNA research, which has been conducted in a destructive method, can be conducted non-destructively through environmental DNA analysis. Through this study, we have secured a standard protocol that can successfully extract the sea cucumber DNA through environmental DNA. It is not only excellent in terms of time and cost of traditional DNA analysis method currently used, but it is completely non-destructive in the ecosystem of the survey area. It is believed that the system can be transformed in a way that does not affect it. However, it is thought that various standard protocols should be established considering the characteristics of each type.

• 한국지리정보학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.49-62
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• 2022

시추데이터는 작업자가 작업현장에서 안전하게 공사를 수행할 수 있도록 제공하는 지반정보로, 현재 시추데이터를 3차원 데이터로 만들어서 3차원 형태의 이미지로 볼 수 있도록 지원하고 있다. 지반정보의 3차원 가시화를 이용하여 다양한 프로그램을 개발하는 국내의 기업들은 지반 정보의 3차원 가시화를 위해 C Tech Development Corporation에서 개발한 MVS 프로그램을 사용하고 있다. 그러나 MVS 프로그램은 유료 프로그램이고 국내에서 개발하는 3차원 관련 프로그램에서 사용하기에는 어려움이 있다. 본 논문에서는 파이썬의 Gempy 오프 소스를 이용하여 군집화된 시추정보로 부터 3차원 지층모델을 생성할 수 있도록 MVS를 대체할 수 있는 라이브러리를 개발하고자 한다. 3차원 지층모델 프로그램은 각 지층별 포인트 데이터를 생성하고 보간을 통해서 지층별 표면을 생성한다. 그리고 각 지층별 표면을 합하여 3차원 지층모델 프로그램을 완성한다. 고양 지역의 시추데이터로부터 MVS 프로그램과 제안하는 프로그램으로 3차원 모형을 생성하여 비교하였을 때 큰 차이가 없음을 확인하였다.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제59권6호
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• pp.385-392
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• 2022

Naval ship could face a variety of threats in isolated seas. In particular, fires and flooding are defined as disasters that are very likely to cause irreparable damage to ships. These disasters have a very high risk of personal injury as well. Therefore, when a disaster occurs, it must be quickly suppressed, but if there are people in the disaster area, the protection of life must be given priority. In order to quickly evacuate the ship crew in case of a disaster, we would like to propose a plan to quickly explore the evacuation route even in urgent situations. Using commercial escape simulation software, we obtain the data for deep neural network learning with simulations according to aisle characteristics and the properties and number of evacuation person. Using the obtained data, the passage prediction model is trained with a deep learning, and the passage time is predicted through the learned model. Construct a numerical map of a naval ship and construct a distance matrix of the vessel using predicted passage time data. The distance matrix configured in one of the path search algorithms, the Dijkstra algorithm, is applied to explore the evacuation path of naval ship.