• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.253-259
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• 2015

The spread of smartphones enabled the two-way communication through the Internet, and character emoticons added fun and comfort to communication among users. To figure out laughter-arousing factors, a survey about emoticon designs of Kakaotalk Itemstore was conducted, targeting university students in their twenties. An interaction of 'user-preferred emoticons' and 'laughter-arousing emoticons' was analyzed. 90% of 'user-preferred emoticons' were 'humorous emoticons', and 84% of respondents answered that there is a relationship between 'user-preferred emoticons' and 'laughter-arousing emoticons'. Consequently, a high interaction between the 'rank of emoticons' and 'laughter-arousing emoticons' was derived. Also, factors of laughter-arousing emoticons were analyzed by studying the ranks of emoticon from 1st to 8th of Kakaotalk Itemstore. Two-divisional figures reminding pure kids, maximization of emotional expression by omission or exaggeration of mouth, and smoothness by concave curves aroused laughter. Intuitively understandable gestures were employed in terms of action. Furthermore, two-divisional figures' acting with comparably small body, hands and foot to their head, and people-mimicking motions of animals with cuteness and familiarity enabled arousal of laughter. In facial expressions, humorous articulation of sad, busy or mad expression enabled positive communion among users.

• International Journal of Automotive Technology
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.63-70
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• 2002

Future on-board vehicle control systems can be further improved through new types of mechatronic systems. In particular, these systems' capacities for interaction enhance safety, comfort and economic viability. The Automotive Engineering Department (fzd) of darmstadt University of Technology is engaged in research of the mechatronic vehicle corner, which consists of three subsystems: sensor tire, electrically actuated wheel brake and smart suspension. By intercommunication of these three systems, the brake controller receives direct, fast and permanent information about dynamic events in the tire contact area provided by the tire sensor as valuable control input. This allows to control operation conditions of each wheel brake. The information provided by the tire sensor for example help to distinguish between staightline driving and cornering as well as to determine $\mu$-split conditions. In conjunction with current information of dynamic wheel loads, tire pressures and friction tyre/road, the ideal brake force distribution can be achieved. Alike through integration of adaptive suspension bushings, elastokinematic behaviour and wheel positions can be adapted to manoeuver-oriented requirements.

• 한국철도학회논문집
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.251-256
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• 2012

고속철도 자갈궤도에서 궤도틀림을 체계적이고 효율적으로 관리하기 위해서는 뜬 침목구간에서 차량이 궤도에 미치는 동하중의 특성을 파악할 필요가 있으며 이를 위해서는 뜬 침목을 고려한 차량과 궤도의 동적 상호작용해석기법의 개발이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 초기 레일의 처짐이 없는 경우 궤광자중에 의하여 발생한 레일처짐(궤도틀림)과 처진 침목과 자갈도상간의 침목 들뜸량을 계산할 수 있는 해석기법을 개발하였고, 궤도틀림과 침목 들뜸량을 동시에 고려할 수 있는 차량과 궤도의 해석기법을 개발하였다. 본 해석기법의 타당성은 타문헌에서 제시한 해석결과와 비교를 통하여 검증하였다.

• International Journal of Control, Automation, and Systems
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.152-158
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• 2005

Commercial lower limb prostheses or orthotics help patients achieve a normal life. However, patients who use such aids need prolonged training to achieve a normal gait, and their fatigability increases. To improve patient comfort, this study proposed a method of predicting gait angle using neural networks and EMG signals. Experimental results using our method show that the absolute average error of the estimated gait angles is $0.25^{\circ}$. This performance data used reference input from a controller for the lower limb orthotic or prosthesis controllers while the patients were walking.

• 한국가구학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.13-21
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• 1999

All chairs are uncomfortable in the long run and some chairs become uncomfortable more rapidly than others. In a particular chair, some people feel more uncomfortable than others. Comfort will depend upon the interaction of chair, user, and task characteristics. In this study, we intended to design a comfortable office chair by investigating anthropometric and biomechanical aspects for Koreans. We determine the design dimensions by analysis the anthropometric data. With these body parameters, we determined the design dimensions such as seat height, seat depth, seat width, seat backrest width, etc. This research, hopefully contributes to the development of ergonomic chair and improvement of the chair design technologies.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.141-148
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• 1994

The behavioral-related environmental study for multifamily housing is needed to develop the quality of unit floor plan in terms of user comfort and needs. So, the aim of this study is to find out the living style and housing needs in terms of interaction between the users behavior pattern and orgarnization of physical home space. For the purpose, the field experiments in Pusan, have been carried out with 318 households living in apartments by plan types(2BL, 3BL, 4BL, 5BL) which were classified by number of bedrooms. The dwelling space usage behavior(room use pattern and furniture uasge pattern) and the space adjustment behavior(physical modification of space and preferred space adjustment attitude) were examined and analyzed.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2007년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.311-316
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• 2007

The improvement of speed and ride comfort requires a very horizontally and vertically rigid and non-flexible alignment. It is inevitable to construct many bridges depending on the topography of landscapes and obliged to lay turnouts on the bridges. In that case, special considerations have to be taken into account, i.e. permissible stresses of turnout components and limitations of displacements of bridge and turnouts. In this studies, numerical analyses for turnout/bridge interaction are carried out using commercial program LUSAS. The target of analytical model is the turnout layed near Pyeongrae-Hopyeng station on Kyeongchun line. The lead rail, stock rails, and the bridge are modelled using beam elements. Fasteners and ballast resistances are modelled using bi-linear spring elements. The turnout behaviors are investigated by varying the parameters such as span length of bridge, spring coefficients, and thermal loads.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2007년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1093-1098
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• 2007

In designing the high-speed railroad track, it is important to utilize appropriate track components to maintain uniform stiffness and ensure track alignment within the tolerance set for that system. In this regard, continuous welded rails (CWRs) were introduced to the Korean railways. Yet the installation of CWRs can result in an adverse impact due to the track/structure interaction on bridge sections yielding variations in the stiffness at the expansion joints. It may also impose additional axial force, generate excessive stress or deflection on track, and loosen the ballast at the ends as a bridge deck contracts or expands owing to a thermally-induced dynamic response. The risk is even greater in a long bridge deck, resulting in track longitudinal irregularities, deteriorating passenger's comfort, and increasing maintenance efforts. This study evaluates the performance of ZLR and their impact on track longitudinal irregularities through the track measuring results on a test section installed the ZLR in order to minimize the thermally-induced responses and the maintenance efforts for the high speed railway bridges.

• 한국산업융합학회 논문집
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.355-359
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• 2003

1. The objective of this paper is to investigate the indoor environment from the viewpoint of interaction between physical environment and the human responses. 2. A continuous measurement has been carried out for 1 year and distribution of variables have been measured for 1 day. 3. The attitude of workers was investigated by a questionnaire. 4. As the result, average luminance represented more than 800-1800 lx in the office, in contrast with less than 1000 lx in the encourage luminance of an office. 5. There was a significant difference of the occupants' response to the light environment between the neighboring environments. 6. Measured thermal conditions are on the edge of the ASHRAE comfort envelope in summer, and in the neighborhood of the lower dry limit of the envelope in spring.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2000년도 추계학술대회논문집A
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• pp.376-380
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• 2000

All chairs are uncomfortable in the long run, but some chairs become uncomfortable more rapidly than others, and in any particular chair, some people will be more uncomfortable than others. Comfort will depend upon the interaction of chair characteristics, user characteristics, and task characteristics. In this study, we intend to design the comfortable office chair by investigating the anthropometric and biomechanical aspects for Korean. Therefore, we determine the design dimensions using the analysis of anthropometric data. With these dimensions, we design the chair mechanism of which backrest reclines with increasing chair pan declination. This mechanism allows the back to get adequate support at the correct level for any backrest declination. Also, the lumbar support in the backrest descends with increasing backrest reclining. By using this chair, a considerably better sitting posture can be obtained, and uncomfortable feeling and back pain may be prevented.