• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• v.64 no.12
• /
• pp.602-607
• /
• 2021

In April 2020, the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety licensed a hexavalent combined diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and acellular pertussis (DTaP), inactivated poliovirus (IPV), Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) conjugated to tetanus protein, and hepatitis B (HepB) (recombinant DNA) vaccine, DTaP-IPV-Hib-HepB (Hexaxim, Sanofi Pasteur), for use as a 3-dose primary series in infants aged 2, 4, and 6 months. The DTaP-IPV-Hib-HepB vaccine is highly immunogenic and safe and provides a long-term immune response based on studies performed in a variety of settings in many countries, including Korea. This report summarizes the Committee on Infectious Diseases of the Korean Pediatric Society guidelines for the use of this newly introduced hexavalent combination vaccine.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
• /
• v.26 no.6
• /
• pp.1366-1372
• /
• 2014

This study was conducted to select the media for the formalin killed vaccine (FKC) production of Vibrio harveyi and its application for olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus. For this, we have investigated the immune effects of Vibrio harveyi FKC vaccines grown in 3 different media i.e. Tryptic Soy Broth (TSB), TSB containing 2-2'-dipyridyl (TSB-D), Brain Heart Infusion Broth (BHIB) on the production of agglutinating antibody and protection against Vibrio harveyi in olive flounder. Additionally, a dual vaccine was prepared by combining Streptococcus parauberis vaccine to V. harveyi vaccine and its efficacy was also analyzed with the determination of optimal administration dosage. Consequently, olive flounder immunized with FKC grown in TSB-D showed the same protection with the vaccine grown in BHIB and the optimal dose of the vaccine was 10mg/kg of body weight. Indeed the dual vaccine showed higher agglutination titer and protection than control fish. The optimal dose for dual vaccine was 10mg/kg body weight for each of two vaccines.

• Toxicological Research
• /
• v.13 no.3
• /
• pp.281-291
• /
• 1997

The subacute toxicity of the combined vaccine (KGCC-95VI) for the prophylaxis against Japanese encephalitis and Hantaan virus infection, recently developed by Korea Green Cross Corporation, was investigated. KGCC-95VI was subcutaneously administered into the both sexes of New Zealand White rabbits at the dosage of 0, 10. 50 and 250 ml/kg body weight (20, 100 and 500 times the expected clincal dose) once a day for 30 days. There were no deaths and clinical findings during the experiment period. In both sexes. there were no statistically significant differences between the treated and control groups in urinalysis tests, hematological tests, blood chemistry tests and pathological examinations. The KGCC-95VI is considered not to have the subacute toxicity in the rabbits.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
• /
• v.48 no.1
• /
• pp.53-60
• /
• 2008

We have investigated efficiency of a recombinant subunit Pasteurella multocida toxin (PMT) that was mixed with a vaccine consisted of inactivated whole cells of Bordetella bronchiseptica, P. multocida (types A and D). For verification of the efficacy of the vaccine, all experimental pigs (suckling piglets, sow and gilts) in the three farms were vaccinated. Antibody titers against B. bronchiseptica and P. multocida type A of the vaccinated pigs by microplate agglutination were significantly higher than those of the control pigs (p < 0.05). Similar patterns were observed in the analysis of anti- PMT neutralizing antibody by serum neutralizing method using Vero cell (p < 0.05). Anti- P. multocida type D antibody titer of the vaccinated sows and gilts by ELISA showed significant differences with those of the non-vaccinated pigs (p < 0.05). Although antibody titers increased, it was unable to find out the difference in the clinical signs between the vaccinated and non-vaccinated pigs. However, the increase in body weight of the vaccinated piglets was observed in comparison with the non-vaccinated piglets on a farm. At slaughtering of the pigs, pathological lesions in the turbinate bones of the vaccinated pigs were significantly lower than those of the non-vaccinated pigs (p < 0.001). These results suggested that efficacy of the vaccine in pigs demonstrated to protect against atrophic rhinitis in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
• /
• v.54 no.1
• /
• pp.38-48
• /
• 2022

Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is an oncofetal antigen primarily detected in the peripheral blood of cancer patients, particularly in those with colorectal cancer. CEA is considered a valuable target for antigen-specific immunotherapy. In this study, we induced the anti-tumor immunity for CEA through the administration of a dendritic cell (DC) vaccine. However, there was a limitation in inducing tumor regression in the DC vaccinated mice. To enhance the efficacy of anti-tumor immunity in MC38/CEA2 tumor-bearing mice, we evaluated the effects of DC vaccine in combination with cyclophosphamide (CYP). Administration of CYP 100 mg/kg in mice resulted in significant inhibition of tumor growth in the 2-day tumor model, whereas a lower inhibition of tumor growth was seen in the 10-day tumor model. Therefore, the 10-day tumor model was selected for testing chemo-immunotherapy. The combined CYP and DC vaccine not only increased tumor antigen-specific immune responses but also induced synergistic anti-tumor immunity. Furthermore, the adverse effects of CYP such as weight loss and immunosuppression by regulatory T cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells showed a significant reduction in the combined chemo-immunotherapy treatment compared with CYP alone. Our data suggest that chemoimmunotherapy with the DC vaccine may offer a new therapeutic strategy to induce a potent anti-tumor effect and reduce the adverse effects of chemotherapy.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.5-10
• /
• 1970

Due to the fact that an inactivated anthrax vaccine may lark its immunogenicity and stability of immunogen a number of spore vaccines were exclusively used worldwide. In these studies a number of important factors were emphasized to achieve the following: selection of non or less allergic strain of anthrax bacillus, capsulation of bacteria. obtaining of non sporulating but vegetative organisms, adequate inactivation of B. anthraccis by means of formalin, adsorption of immunogen to aluminum hydroxide gel. Non or less allergic strains of anthrax bacillus which is inactivated with formalin was selected by a hyperimmunization and shock test in rabbits. Obtaining capsular material and vegetative immunogen, a virulent anthrax organisms were cultivated on sodium bicarbonate medium with of without adding of l-alanine in which B, anthracis grew luxuriantly without forming spores. Inactivation was carried out at $37^{\circ}C$ water bath for 3 days after the bacterial culture was mixed with formalin, in a final concentration of two per cent of formalin. Aluminum hydroxide gel was added to the mixture of anthrax and blackleg bacterin. Vaccines were injected guinea pig via subcutaneous or intramusoular route and challenged after three weeks and the possibilities of protection was tested. Throughout the studies. the above mentioned vaccines possibly protected the vaccinated guinea pigs more than 80 per cent compared to that of the controls. This experimental results strongly suggest that the vaccine may possibly applicable to bovine.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
• /
• v.19 no.6
• /
• pp.788-797
• /
• 2018

In many countries, vaccines are used for the prevention of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD). However, because there is no protection against FMD immediately after vaccination, research and development on antiviral agents is being conducted to induce protection until immunological competence is produced. This study tested whether well-known chemicals used as RNA virus treatment agents had inhibitory effects on FMD viruses (FMDVs) and demonstrated that ribavirin showed antiviral effects against FMDV in vitro/in vivo. In addition, it was observed that combining the administration of the antiviral agents orally and complementary therapy with vaccines synergistically enhanced antiviral activity and preserved the survival rate and body weight in the experimental animals. Antiviral agents mixed with an adjuvant were inoculated intramuscularly along with the vaccines, thereby inhibiting virus replication after injection and verifying that it was possible to induce early protection against viral infection prior to immunity being achieved through the vaccine. Finally, pigs treated with antiviral agents and vaccines showed no clinical signs and had low virus excretion. Based on these results, it is expected that this combined approach could be a therapeutic and preventive treatment for early protection against FMD.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
• /
• v.12 no.8
• /
• pp.179-186
• /
• 2021

Among the Covid-19 vaccine platforms, mRNA-platform vaccines are summarized qualitatively in this paper. Manufacturing mRNA vaccines consist of serial processes; the preparation process of DNA template, the transcription of mRNA, nanoemulsion process, and the fill and finish unit combined with formulation stages. It is noticeable that major players are collaborated for producing mRNA vaccines. In particular, the nanoemulsion process is recognized to the key process requiring formulated lipid materials to protect modified mRNA until they arrive in intracellular cytosol. It is known that the nanoemulsion process adapts well-designed microfluidic devices. We expect that the nanoemulsion process will stimulate pharmaceutical industries to develop diverse applications.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
• /
• v.23 no.6
• /
• pp.202-206
• /
• 2023

Today, social media has become a vital tool. The world communicates and reaches the news and each other's opinions through social media accounts. Recently, considerable research has been done on analyzing social media due to its rich data content. At the same time, since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, which has afflicted so many around the world, the search for a vaccine has been intense. There have been many studies analyzing people's feelings during a crisis. This study aims to understand people's opinions about available Coronavirus vaccines through a learning model that was developed for this purpose. The dataset was collected using Twitter's streaming Application Programming Interface (API) , then combined with another dataset that had already been collected. The final dataset was cleaned, then analyzed using Python. Polarity and subjectivity functions were used to obtain the results. The results showed that most people had positive opinions toward vaccines in general and toward the Pfizer one. Our study should help governments and decision-makers dispel people's fears and discover new symptoms linked to those listed by the World Health Organization.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
• /
• v.17 no.2
• /
• pp.156-168
• /
• 2010

Purpose : To compare immunogenicity and reactogenicity of a combined diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis-inactivated poliovirus vaccine (DTPa-IPV, $Infanrix^{TM}$ IPV, GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals) with co-administration of commercially available DTPa and IPV vaccines at separate injection sites (DTPa+IPV). Methods : A total of 458 infants aged 8-12 weeks were randomized to receive three-ose primary vaccination at 2, 4 and 6 months with DTPa-IPV or DTPa+IPV. Blood samples were collected pre and post vaccination for measurement of immune responses. Reactogenicity was assessed following each dose using diary cards. Results : One month post-dose 3, seroprotection rates for anti-diphtheria, anti-tetanus and anti-poliovirus types 1, 2 and 3 were ${\geq}99.5%$ and vaccine response rates to pertussis antigens were at least 98.6% in both DTPa-IPV and DTPa + IPV groups. Non-inferiority between the groups was demonstrated based on pre-defined statistical criteria. Incidences of both local and systemic symptoms were within the same range across both groups with grade 3 symptoms reported following no more than 4.3% of DTPa-IPV doses and 4.5% of DTPa + IPV doses. Two serious adverse events (both pyrexia) after DTPa-IPV administration were considered vaccine-related. Both infants recovered fully. Conclusion : Combined DTPa-IPV vaccine was immunogenic and well tolerated when used as a three-dose primary vaccination course in Korean infants. DTPa-IPV could be incorporated into the Korean vaccination schedule, reducing the number of injections required to complete primary immunization.