• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.50 no.5
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• pp.336-346
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• 2017

Objectives: To characterize the usage patterns of new types of tobacco products (NTTPs) to develop effective strategies for the regulation of NTTPs in Korea. Methods: We conducted focus group interviews to identify the NTTP usage patterns of research subjects. The NTTPs were limited to electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes), waterpipe tobacco, and rolling tobacco. We categorized 30 research subjects into 4 groups. The ecigarette group was divided into adult and adolescent groups. Each group contained 7-8 subjects. An interview lasting approximately 2 hours was conducted with each group. Results: Ninety percent of NTTP users used an NTTP in combination with conventional cigarettes. Subjects mostly bought NTTPs online, unlike how they bought cigarettes. Additionally, a great deal of information, such as how to use NTTPs and descriptions of NTTP products, was exchanged through online or offline societies. The primary reason why the subjects used NTTPs was that NTTPs offer a greater range of flavors and aromas than cigarettes. Moreover, NTTPs were felt to be less repulsive than cigarettes. NTTPs were not used as a cigarette substitute; rather, they were mostly used in places and situations where traditional cigarette smoking was not allowed. Conclusions: Based on the results of this study, the government should conduct studies on the effects of the combined use of NTTPs and cigarettes on the human body, obtain and provide accurate data regarding NTTP use, and develop and implement polices to ban NTTP advertising, which may arouse adolescents' curiosity, and the addition of flavoring substances to tobacco products.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.58 no.2
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• pp.163-166
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• 2015

The prophylactic use of phenytoin during and after brain surgery and cranial irradiation is a common measure in brain tumor therapy. Phenytoin has been associated with variety of adverse skin reactions including urticaria, erythroderma, erythema multiforme (EM), Stevens-Johnson syndrome, and toxic epidermal necrolysis. EM associated with phenytoin and cranial radiation therapy (EMPACT) is a rare specific entity among patients with brain tumors receiving radiation therapy while on prophylactic anti-convulsive therapy. Herein we report a 41-year-old female patient with left temporal glial tumor who underwent surgery and then received whole brain radiation therapy and chemotherapy. After 24 days of continous prophylactic phenytoin therapy the patient developed minor skin reactions and 2 days later the patient returned with generalized erythamatous and itchy maculopapuler rash involving neck, chest, face, trunk, extremities. There was significant periorbital and perioral edema. Painful mucosal lesions consisting of oral and platal erosions also occurred and prevented oral intake significantly. Phenytoin was discontinued gradually. Systemic admistration of corticosteroids combined with topical usage of steroids for oral lesions resulted in complete resolution of eruptions in 3 weeks. All cutaneous lesions in patients with phenytoin usage with the radiotherapy must be evoluated with suspicion for EM.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.53
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• pp.233-264
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• 2012

This study proposes and verifies an integrated model that reflects and helps to explain complexities and comprehensiveness of e-Trade in practice. The primary objective was to widen and deepen our understanding about the phenomena of paperless trading which will enable us to formulate an effective means to promote the adoption and utilization of e-Trade infrastructure. This investigation combined and extended the theories and models of TAM, TOE framework, and TTF in order to identify and hypothesize the causal relationships between factors of technology, organization and environment, and the usage level and performance of e-Trade. The previous research on e-Trade was reviewed and incorporated into the extended model. The integrated model was tested based on the survey data collected from a sample of 417 trading firms. Overall, the regression and path analysis demonstrated the usefulness of the proposed model as a conceptual framework for better understanding and explanation of e-Trade. The result of the analysis implies the relevancy of the factors of technology, organization and environment for facilitating usage of and increasing performance of e-Trade. However, rejection of a few hypothesized relationships implies the necessity of extensive promotion and education about the related laws and regulations, and education, supervision and incentives for e-Trade practitioners.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.267-274
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• 2011

This paper proposes an efficient masking method for the block cipher SEED that is standardized in Korea. The nonlinear parts of SEED consist of two S-boxes and modular additions. However, the masked version of these nonlinear parts requires excessive RAM usage and a large number of operations. Protecting SEED by the general masking method requires 512 bytes of RAM corresponding to masked S-boxes and a large number of operations corresponding to the masked addition. This paper proposes a new-style masked S-box which can reduce the amount of operations of the masking addition process as well as the RAM usage. The proposed masked SEED, equipped with the new-style masked S-box, reduces the RAM requirements to 288 bytes, and it also reduces the processing time by 38% compared with the masked SEED using the general masked S-box. The proposed method also applies to other block ciphers with the same nonlinear operations.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.85-107
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• 2023

Objective : To investigate the usage of Korean herbal medicine (KHM) for climacteric symptoms, this study reviewed clinical studies conducted in Korea. Method : Literature search was performed on three Korean database; OASIS, RISS and NDSL. Studies published before July 2023 were categorized and analyzed according to the study type and herbal prescriptions. Results : Fifty-eight studies including 7 controlled trial, 27 case series and 24 single case reports were included in our review and the total number of case patients was 420. 52 prescriptions based on syndrome identifications and 11 prescriptions of Sasang constitutions were used and the most frequently used prescriptions were Soyosan(逍遙散) and Guibitang(歸脾湯). Thirty-two prescriptions were also mentioned in previous delphi research or clinical practice guideline, and the rest were not. Thirty-five studies used acupuncture combined with KHM and 10 studies used pharmacopuncture and 5 studies used herbal hipbath. Conclusion : To increase the therapeutic effect of KHM and establish KHM as an alternative to hormone treatment, various prescriptions should be used according to syndrome identifications in the clinical field. High-quality RCTs on frequently used prescriptions and the development of various type of KHM are also necessary.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.71-81
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• 2008

The purposes of this research are to correctly understand the relationship between a visual communication structure and a semantic communication structure when integrating and changing various architectural visual information. This study will classify various diagrams, which have been actively applied to the works of Rem Koolhaas and MVRDV when designing architecture, and based on the classification, it will analyze how the expression viewpoints inherent in the diagrams are changed and applied to processing and changing architectural visual information. The transformal usage of the visual information of architectural diagrams is classified into an analysis-centered processing method and a concept-centered processing method, and the characteristics of their usage are analyzed. The former shows an observer-centered expression viewpoint which effectively delivers an architect's analyzed architectural information or intent to a customer or an observer. It also allows an easy perception of the analyzed data, and uses qualitative expression viewpoints. The method combines systematic expression viewpoints, which value a relationship with visual information, and various architectural visual information; uses the combined expression viewpoints as one diagram for delivering various information simultaneously and for changing visual information. The latter shows author-centered subjective expression viewpoints, which are different from reproduction-centered fixed expression viewpoints. This method uses arbitrary expression viewpoints that overly extort, change or manipulate visual information. It shows simultaneous expression viewpoints that integrate various architectural visual information via omniscient expression viewpoints, such as reversing or projecting the points of viewing subjects, which human beings cannot perceive.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.7
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• pp.359-365
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• 2017

This study was conducted structural model analysis focusing on the factors influencing UHDTV service usage. The perceived quality, innovativeness, price sensitivity are adopted as independent variables and perceived usefulness, perceived easy use are adopted as intervening variables. Especially symbolism used it as a control variable. As a result of the analysis by PLS, the influence coefficient of perceived quality was significantly higher than other variables. However, the combined effect of symbolism and perceived quality has a negative effect on perceived usefulness, and the more the users consider the symbolism of UHDTV usage, the more negative the evaluation of UHD quality and usefulness. With the launch of the terrestrial UHDTV service in May 2017, the most important issue is the production and distribution of high-quality content that users want.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.11-18
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• 2017

The Objective of this Study is to Prove the Effectiveness of a Smart Water Management(SWM) Technology. The SWM Technology can Reduce the Production Cost using Internet of Thing(IoT) Technology that Utilizes Remote Metering of Consumer's Water usage and Reduce the Leakage of Supply Facilities. The SWM Demonstration Model Installed a Remote Water Leakage Sensor, Smart Metering and Micro Multi Sensor in Water Supply Facility, and Provided Real-Time Monitoring of the Operation Status. Consumers can be Provided the usage of Tap Water and the Water Puality through a Smart Phone Application. At this Time, we Surveyed Whether Consumers save the Tap Water or Drinking Directly using the Tap Water usage Information. Also, this Study is to Verify the Degree of Improvement of Water Supply Rates and Drinking Water Rate, and to Decrease Consumer's Complaints, Operating Costs, and Water Consumption by the SWM Technology. It is also Established a SWM Model Combined with the IoT Sensor at Supply Facilities, operator monitoring system and explored recovery solution detected events. It means the upbringing of the domestic water industry by developing the related technologies and spreading the SWM to advanced levels.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.29 no.3D
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• pp.329-334
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• 2009

The various behaviors of vehicular traffic flow are generated through both car-following and lane-changing behaviors of vehicles. Especially lane-usage varies by lane-changing behaviors. In the area of microscopic vehicle simulation, a lane-changing model connected to a car-following model parallel is essential to generate both various traffic flows relationships and laneusages. In Korea, some studies on car-following models have been reported, but few studies for lane-changing models stay in the beginning stage. In this paper, a two-lane changing model for the simulation modeling of large freeway network is introduced. The lane-changing model is developed based on CA (Cellular Automata) model. The developed model is parallel combined with an existing CA car-following model and tested on a closed link system. The results of simulation show that the developed model generates the various behaviors of lane usage, which existing CA lane-changing models could not generate. The presented model is expected to be used for the simulation of more various freeway traffic flows.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Bioinformatics Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.133-138
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• 2003

The prediction of protein secondary structure has been an important bioinformatics tool that is an essential component of the template-based protein tertiary structure prediction process. It has been known that the predicted secondary structure information improves both the fold recognition performance and the alignment accuracy. In this paper, we describe several novel ideas that may improve the prediction accuracy. The main idea is motivated by an observation that the protein's structural information, especially when it is combined with the evolutionary information, significantly improves the accuracy of the predicted tertiary structure. From the non-redundant set of protein structures, we derive the 'potential' parameters for the protein secondary structure prediction that contains the structural information of proteins, by following the procedure similar to the way to derive the directional information table of GOR method. Those potential parameters are combined with the frequency matrices obtained by running PSI-BLAST to construct the feature vectors that are used to train the support vector machines (SVM) to build the secondary structure classifiers. Moreover, the problem of huge model file size, which is one of the known shortcomings of SVM, is partially overcome by reducing the size of training data by filtering out the redundancy not only at the protein level but also at the feature vector level. A preliminary result measured by the average three-state prediction accuracy is encouraging.