• Journal of Magnetics
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.111-114
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• 2006

We electroplated copper-cobalt thin films on a silicon substrate, which had 150 nm thick copper seed layer. The adhesion between the two metallic layers could be increased by utilizing a proper organic additive, pulse plating technique, and high temperature annealing. The thin films exhibited columnar growth of the deposits and enhanced adhesion. This is attributed to the grain growth mechanism introduced by the additive and annealing.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.88-92
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• 2003

In this paper, the characteristics of the ZnO films deposited on AI bottom electrode and the temperature effects on the ZnO film growth are presented along with the fabrication and their evaluation of the film bulk acoustic wave resonator (FBAR) devices. All the films used in this work were deposited using a radio-frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering technique. Growth characteristics of the ZnO films are shown to have a strong dependence on the deposition temperatures ranged from room temperature to 35$0^{\circ}C$ regardless of the RF power applied for sputtering the ZnO target. In addition, according to the growth characteristics of the distinguishably different micro-crystal structures and the degree of the c-axis preferred orientation, the deposition temperatures can be divided into 3 temperature regions and 2 critical temperatures in-between. Overall, the ZnO films deposited at/below 20$0^{\circ}C$ are seen to have columnar grains with a highly preferred c-axis orientation where the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of X-ray diffraction rocking curve is 14$^{\circ}$. Based on the experimental findings, several FBAR devices were fabricated and measured. As a result, the FBAR devices show return loss of ~19.5dB at resonant frequency of ~2.05GHz.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.111-114
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• 2008

We studied the influence of nanocrystalline silicon (nc-Si) thin film thickness on top gate nc-Si thin film transistor (TFT) fabricated at $180^{\circ}C$. The nc-Si thickness affects the characteristics of nc-Si TFT due to the nc-Si growth similar to a columnar. As the thickness of nc-Si increases from 40 nm to 200 nm, the grain size was increased from 20 nm to 40 nm. Having a large grain size, the thick nc-Si TFT surpasses the thin nc-Si TFT in terms of electrical characteristics such as field effect mobility. The channel resistance was decreased due to growth of the grain. We obtained the experimental results that the field effect mobility of the fabricated devices of which nc-Si thickness is 60, 90 and 130 nm are 26, 77 and $119\;cm^2/Vsec$, respectively. The leakage current, however, is increased from $7.2{\times}10^{-10}$ to $1.9{\times}10^{-8}\;A$ at $V_{GS}=-4.4\;V$ when the nc-Si thickness increases. It is originated from the decrease of the channel resistance.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.173-176
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• 2016

This research was performed to breed new columnar-typed apple variety for pollinator in apple orchard. We cross-fertilized 'Hongro' that was an ovary parent and 'Maypole' a pollen parent in 2003. We gathered seeds in 2003 and sowed after breaking of dormancy in 2004. Seedlings was been growth and development till flowering. After fruit setting, We investigated characteristics of growth and fruit including mating compatibility from 2010 to 2012, then finally selected '03-2-95' named 'Tinkerbell' in 2012, registered as new variety on Korea Seed & Variety Service in 2015. The full bloom stage of 'Tinkerbell' was later 2 days then of 'Maypole'. Tree habit of 'Tinkerbell' was alike to of 'Maypole', for example weak tree vigor, columnar type. But there were many different characteristics between 'Tinkerbell' and 'Maypole'. Fruit shape of 'Tinkerbell' was ovoid whereas of 'Maypole' was ellipsoid. Fruit of 'Tinkerbell' was bigger, smoother skin, no waxy bloom than of 'Maypole'. Fruit of 'Tinkerbell' was more delicious than of 'Maypole' because of having higher soluble sugar content and lower titratable acidity. 'Tinkerbell' was excellent pollinator in apple orchard. Because of having high fruit setting rate with major apple varieties and a narrow tree width that was advantageous as pollinator in apple high density system.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.23-29
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• 2002

Mutation of the P53 tumor suppressor gene playa major role in the development of many carcinomas, namely in the colon, breast and bladder, whereas the role played by such mutations in thyroid carcinogenesis remains controversial. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) induces proliferation of endothelial cells, stimulates angiogenesis, and increases vascular permeability. Increased VEGF expression has been associated with poor clinical outcomes in many malignancies E-cadherin, a calcium-dependent transmembrane glycoprotein, is an adhesion molecule Expression of p53, VEGF and E-cadherin was assessed immunohistochemically in 19 tall columnar variant of papillary carcinoma, 24 common papillary carcinoma and 7 follicular carcinoma. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of P53,VEGF and E-cadherin as a potential maker for the prognosis of thyroid carcinomas. The results are as follows: 1) There were no significance in any clinical parameters examined among tall columnar variant of papillary carcinoma, common papillary carcinoma and follicular carcinoma. 2) The expression of P53 demonstrated low in tall columnar variant of papillary carcinoma, common papillary carcinoma and follicular carcinoma, but a significantly high in regional lymph node metastasis. 3) The expression of VEGF demonstrated a significantly high in regional lymph node metastasis than those without metastasis in papillary thyroid carcinoma. 4) The expression of E-cadherin demonstrated less often among papillary carcinomas with lymph node metastasis than in those without metastasis in papillary thyroid carcinoma. In conclusion, it is suggested that VEGF and E-cadherin will be useful for the diagnosis of thyroid carcinoma and serves as a biological marker for thyroid carcinoma lymph node metastasis.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.14 no.12
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• pp.972-978
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• 2001

Some effects of Al/N ratio on microstructure of AlN films grown on Si(111) substrates by PAMBE were investigated. Al/N ratio was controlled by rf power of N$_2$ plasma source system. Al excess or N excess conditions were obtained below or above 350 W rf power, respectively. Surface roughness and morphology of AlN film grown at Al/N=1.0 showed the best result. Under Al excess condition, it was suggested that excess Al atoms which did not contribute to the growth of AlN film prevent the normal crystal growth and make abnormal growth of some columns. However, under N excess condition, it was explained that some of the excess active N source turned into gas state and then desorbed out from substrate.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Heat Treatment
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.95-102
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• 1992

In this study, we tried to describe the quantitative model of TiN film structure which was deposited by PECVD process. The macro-grain growth behavior was studied at the various deposition pressures and times. As a result, It was confirmed that TiN films had the typical Zone 1 structure, and macro-columnar grains were, without reference to the deposition pressure, grown ballistic type by the growth-death competition following the equation, $Y=aX^2$, approximately obtained by regression analysis. Also, the thickness and the crystallization of TiN thin films were increased, the chlorine contents were decreased according to the decreasing of deposition pressure.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.81-86
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• 2016

The effect of substrate rotation speed on the phase forming behavior and microstructural variation of 8 wt% yttria ($Y_2O_3$) stabilized $ZrO_2$ (8YSZ) coatings as a thermal barrier coating has been investigated. 8YSZ coatings with $100{\sim}200{\mu}m$ thickness were deposited by electron beam-physical vapor deposition onto a super alloy (Ni-Cr-Co-Al) substrate with a bond coating (NiCo-CrAlY). The width of the columnar grains of the 8YSZ coatings increased with increasing substrate rotation speed from 1 to 30 rpm at a substrate temperature range of $900{\sim}950^{\circ}C$. In spite of the different growth behaviors of coatings with different substrate rotation speeds, the phases of each coating were not changed remarkably. Even after post heat treatments with various conditions of the coated specimens fabricated at 20 rpm, only a change of color was noticeable, without any remarkable change in the phase or microstructure.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.77-84
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• 2006

For a fire cause judgement this paper describes the heating characteristics of electric bare wire melted by AC current. The cower wires prepared for the experiment were 1.2[mm], 1.6[mm], and 2.0[mm] in diameter. Through the cross section analysis(CSA), it was confirmed that the dendrite structure grew at the angle of about 40[$^{\circ}$] or 60[$^{\circ}$] when the fusing current was applied to the wires. The larger the fusing current is, the more decreased the growth angle of the dendrite structure is. It was confirmed that the dendrite structure was arranged like the columnar structure.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.9-12
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• 1974

Bronchogenic cysts, though known as a relatively common malformation of the mediastinum, were rarely discussed in Korean literatures. Since the surgical removal of asymptomatic lesions was adopted as the reasonable therapeutic principle, the incidence of bronchogenic cysts were found to be higher than previously expected. Two cases of bronchogenic cysts operated on in The Dept. of Thoracic Surgery, Korea University Woo Sok Hospital were reported and related literatures were reviewed. Case 1. 5 year old boy with chief complaints of bulging cystic mass on left supraclavicular region during straining or coughing since his age of 2 was admitted, and cystogram with Lipiodol revealed hen-egg sized mass in the left antero-superior mediastinum without any communication with bronchus or esophagus. Cyst was successfully removed under general anesthesia thru left supraclavicular incision, and pathological examination of the cyst revealed thin cystic wall lined with stratified columnar epithelium and it`s content was milky white mucoid fluid devoid of any bacterial growth. Case 2. 15 year old school girl has been noted slowly growing walnut-sized mass on anterolateral side of the neck for 4 months without any subjective symptom except cosmetic problem... Mass was aspirated to find milky white mucoid fluid in some loculation and yellowish turbid fluid in other part due to chronic infection. Cystic tumor was removed under local anesthesia, which was loculated in between the trachea and esophagus without any communication, and pathological diagnosis of the cyst was bronchogenic cyst with columnar epithelial cell lining with moderate chronic inflammatory cell infiltrations. Postoperative conditions of the two cases were all excellent with normal life.