• 한국산학기술학회논문지
• /
• 제9권6호
• /
• pp.1581-1584
• /
• 2008

버팅 콘택을 가진 쌍극 폴리사이드 게이트 구조에서 폴리실리콘 내의 순 도핑(net doping) 농도는 $n^+/p^+$ 중첩 및 실리사이드/폴리실리콘 층에서 도펀트의 수평 확산에 기인하여 감소하였다. 버팅 콘택 영역에서의 쇼트키 다이오드 형성은 $CoSi_2$의 열적 응집 현상에 의한 $CoSi_2$ 손실과 폴리실리콘 내의 농도 저하에 기인된다. DDI DRAM에서 기생 쇼트키 다이오드는 감지 증폭기의 노이즈 마진을 감소시켜 column성 불량을 일으킨다. Column성 불량은 $n^+/p^+$ 폴리실리콘 접합 부분을 물리적으로 분리시키거나, $CoSi_2$ 형성 전 질소 이온을 $p^+$ 영역에 주입 시켜 $CoSi_2$의 응집현상을 억제함으로써 줄일 수 있다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• 제9권6호
• /
• pp.601-613
• /
• 2000

Existing models for the shear strength degradation of reinforced concrete members present varied conceptual approaches to interpreting test data. The relative superiority of one approach over the others is difficult to determine, particularly given the sparseness of ideal test data. Nevertheless, existing models are compared using a suite of test data that were used for the development of one such model, and significant differences emerge. Rather than relying purely on column test data, the body of knowledge concerning degradation of concrete as a material is considered. Confined concrete relations are examined to infer details of the degradation process, and to establish a framework for developing phenomenologically-based models for shear strength degradation in reinforced concrete members. The possibility of linking column shear strength degradation with material degradation phenomena is explored with a simple model. The model is applied to the results of 7 column tests, and it is found that such a link is sustainable. It is expected that models founded on material degradation phenomena will be more reliable and more broadly applicable than the current generation of empirical shear strength degradation models.

• 한국에너지공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국에너지공학회 1999년도 추계 학술발표회 논문집
• /
• pp.149-154
• /
• 1999

This paper describes a passive safety injection system with free piston Stirling pump working withabundant decay heat in the nuclear reactor during the hypothetical accident. The water column in the tube assembly connected from the hot chamber to the cold chamber in the pump oscillates periodically due to thermal volume changes of non-condensable gas in each chamber. The oscillating pressure in the water column is converted into the pumping power with a suction-and-bleed type valve assembly. In this paper a dynamic model describing the frequency of oscillation and pumping pressure is developed. It was found that the pumping pressure is a function of the temperature difference between the chambers. Also, the frequency oscillation depends on the length of the tube with water column.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
• /
• 제17권10호
• /
• pp.1182-1188
• /
• 2014

Recently, the research on database outsourcing has been actively done with the popularity of cloud computing. However, because users' data may contain sensitive personal information, such as health, financial and location information, the data encryption methods have attracted much interest. Existing data encryption schemes process a query without decrypting the encrypted databases in order to support user privacy protection. On the other hand, to efficiently handle the large amount of data in cloud computing, it is necessary to study the distributed index structure. However, existing index structure and query processing algorithms have a limitation that they only consider single-column query processing. In this paper, we propose a grid-based multi column indexing scheme and an encrypted query processing algorithm. In order to support multi-column query processing, the multi-dimensional index keys are generated by using a space decomposition method, i.e. grid index. To support encrypted query processing over encrypted data, we adopt the Hilbert curve when generating a index key. Finally, we prove that the proposed scheme is more efficient than existing scheme for processing the exact and range query.

• Steel and Composite Structures
• /
• 제44권1호
• /
• pp.119-139
• /
• 2022

This paper aims to use the artificial intelligence approach to develop a new model for predicting the ultimate axial strength of the circular concrete-filled steel tubular (CFST) stub columns. For this, the results of 314 experimentally tested circular CFST stub columns were employed in the generation of the design model. Since the influence of the column diameter, steel tube thickness, concrete compressive strength, steel tube yield strength, and column length on the ultimate axial strengths of columns were investigated in these experimental studies, here, in the development of the design model, these variables were taken into account as input parameters. The model was developed using the backpropagation algorithm named Bayesian Regularization. The accuracy, reliability, and consistency of the developed model were evaluated statistically, and also the design formulae given in the codes (EC4, ACI, AS, AIJ, and AISC) and the previous empirical formulations proposed by other researchers were used for the validation and comparison purposes. Based on this evaluation, it can be expressed that the developed design model has a strong and reliable prediction performance with a considerably high coefficient of determination (R-squared) value of 0.9994 and a low average percent error of 4.61. Besides, the sensitivity of the developed model was also monitored in terms of dimensional properties of columns and mechanical characteristics of materials. As a consequence, it can be stated that for the design of the ultimate axial capacity of the circular CFST stub columns, a novel artificial intelligence-based design model with a good and robust prediction performance was proposed herein.

• 한국해안·해양공학회논문집
• /
• 제25권3호
• /
• pp.128-137
• /
• 2013

최근, 지구온난화와 대기오염 등에 의해 신재생에너지에 관한 관심이 증가해 왔다. 특히, 가까운 미래에 직면하게 될 화석에너지자원의 고갈문제는 이와 같은 신재생에너지 기술을 가속화 시키고 있다. 다양한 재생가능 에너지자원 중에서 지구의 3/4을 점유하고 있는 해양은 막대한 에너지를 보유하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 항내 수질개선과 파랑에너지의 이용이라는 두 목적을 달성하기 위하여 공기실 내에서 해수면의 상하운동을 공기흐름으로 변환하고, 이를 터빈의 구동력으로 이용하는 파력발전장치인 진동수주형(OWC, Oscillating Water Column) 파력발전시스템을 적용한 해수교환구조물을 제시한다. 또한, 3차원불규칙파수치파동수로에 기초한 3D-NIT(3-Dimensional Numerical Irregular wave Tank)모델을 불규칙파동장에 적용하여 산정된 공기실 내 수위변동의 시간변화로부터 공기흐름속도를 추정하고, 입사주파수스펙트럼의 변화에 따른 공기흐름 주파수스펙트럼의 변화특성, 구조물의 존재여부에 따른 공기실 위치에서 주파수스펙트럼의 변화특성, 구조물에 의한 파랑변형율의 변화특성 및 공기흐름과 유체흐름에 의한 동력 등을 검토한다. 이로부터 공기실 내에서 수위변동 및 공기흐름의 시계열 자료에서 위상차가 존재하며, 유체흐름에 의한 동력이 공기흐름에 의한 동력에 비해 미흡하다는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
• /
• 제3권2호
• /
• pp.92-99
• /
• 2004

We consider the ATM switching node location problem (ANLP). In this problem, there are two kinds of facilities, hub facilities and remote facilities, with different capacities and installation costs. We are given a set of customers with each demand requirements, a set of candidate installation sites of facilities, and connection costs between facilities. We need to determine the locations to place facilities, the number of facilities for each selected location, the set of customers who are connected to each installed hub via installed remote facilities with minimum cost, while satisfying demand requirements of each customer. We formulate this problem as a general integer programming problem and solve it to optimality. In this paper, we present a preprocessing procedure to tighten the formulation and develop a branch-and-price algorithm. In the algorithm, we consider the integer knapsack problem as the column generation problem. Computational experiments show that the algorithm gives optimal solutions in a reasonable time.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
• /
• 제13권7호
• /
• pp.2955-2963
• /
• 2012

본 논문은 다품종 동적 로트사이징 문제를 풀기 위하여 열생성 기법에 기반한 알고리즘을 제안한다. 제안한 알고리즘의 기본 개념은 한정된 생산 용량을 주문제를 통하여 n개의 제품에 할당하고, 주문제에 의하여 할당된 생산용량을 기반으로 하여 각각의 제품에 대하여 최적화된 로트사이징 문제를 반복적으로 풀어나감으로써 해를 구해나가는 것이다. 부문제를 풀기 위해 본 논문은 로트사이즈, 재공재고 그리고 생산량 간에 존재하는 비선형관계를 기반으로 한 M/G/1모델 기반의 최적화 로트사이징 모델을 제안한다. 실험을 통하여 제안한 알고리즘이 비교적 짧은 시간안에 좋은 해를 생성함을 보여준다.

• Management Science and Financial Engineering
• /
• 제18권1호
• /
• pp.27-37
• /
• 2012

This paper is motivated by a military cargo-plane routing problem which is a pickup-and-delivery problem in which load splits and node revisits are allowed (PDPLS). Although this recent evolution of a VRP-model enhances the efficiency of routing, a solution method is more of a challenge since the node revisits entail closed walks in modeling vehicle routes. For such a case, even a compact IP-formulation is not available and an effective method had been lacking until Nowak et al. (2008b) proposed a heuristic based on a tabu search. Their method provides very reasonable solu-tions as demonstrated by the experiments not only in their paper (Nowak et al., 2008b) but also in ours. However, the computation time seems intensive especially for the class of problems with dynamic transportation requests, including the military cargo-plane routing problem. This paper proposes a more scalable algorithm hybridizing a tabu search for pricing subproblem paused as a single-vehicle routing problem, with a column generation approach based on Dantzig-Wolfe decomposition. As tested on a wide variety of instances, our algorithm produces, in average, a solution of an equiva-lent quality in 10~20% of the computation time of the previous method.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
• /
• 제21권11호
• /
• pp.672-682
• /
• 2020

최근 다양한 산업/제조 현장에서 운영 효율화를 위한 디지털 트윈(digital twin) 기술 연구가 활발하게 수행 중이고, 화석 연료의 점진적 고갈과 환경오염 문제는 파력발전소와 같은 신재생/친환경 발전방식을 요구한다. 하지만, 파도의 에너지에 의해서 전기를 생산하는 파력발전에서 변동성이 높은 파도에너지에 의해서 발전량과 고장 등의 운영효율화 요소가 밀접하게 관련되어 있어 이들 사이의 관계를 이해하고 예측하는 것이 매우 중요하다. 따라서 첫 번째로 파고 데이터, 진동수주(OWC: Oscillating Water Column, 이하 OWC) 챔버의 센서 데이터 등과 같은 변동성이 높은 데이터 간에 의미 있는 상관관계 도출이 필요하다. 두 번째로 도출된 상관관계를 기반으로 추출된 데이터로 예측 상황을 학습함으로써 원하는 정보를 예측할 수 있는 방법론 연구가 이루어져야 한다. 본 연구에서는 파력발전 시스템의 디지털 트윈으로 스마트 운용 및 유지보수가 가능하도록 실제 파력발전소의 IoT 센서 데이터를 이용하여 OWC의 압력 예측을 위해 머신러닝 프레임워크를 활용한 워크플로우 기반의 학습모델을 설계하고, 검증 및 평가 데이터셋을 통한 압력 예측분석의 유효성을 확인한다.