• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.59-64
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• 2001

돼지고기 등심의 표면에 Lactococcus lactis subsp. Jactis ATCC l1454 유산균 배양액 3.96 log units의 처리구는 4$^{\circ}C$ 저장 1일 이후 대조구의 TBA가와 유의적 차이가 없었다 (P>0.05). 유산균 배양액 3.96 log units 처리구의 Hunter color L*과 b*가는 저장 동안 대조구와 유의적 차이가 없었다. 그러나 유산균 배양액 4.10과 4.23 log units 처리구의 Hunter a*가는 4$^{\circ}C$ 저장 1일과 6일 이후 대조구와 유의적 차이 (P<0.05)를 나타내었다. 유산균 배양액 4.10과 4.23 log units 처리구의 육즙유출율은 4$^{\circ}C$ 저장 4일 이후부터 처리구와 대조구 사이에 유의적 차이를 나타내었다.

• 융합신호처리학회논문지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.161-168
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• 2006

본 논문에서는 LCD 조립이 완료된 제품에 대해 색상보정 기법을 이용한 LCD 패턴검사 방법을 제안하였다. 기존의 검사 시스템은 패턴 매칭에 의한 검사 기법을 많이 사용하고 있다. 이러한 방법은 LCD의 백라이트(back light) 장치의 휘도차이, 액정의 광특성, 구동특성에 의해 투과되는 빛의 차이, 주위 조명에 의한 색차 등을 보정 할 수 없으며, 또한 이로 인해 불량검출의 효율성을 저하시키는 원인이 된다. 제안하는 검사 방법은 다양한 원인에 의해 발생하는 LCD의 색상 차를 보정한 후 패턴 매칭을 통해 불량을 검출하는 방법이다. 먼저, 검사 대상인 LCD 패턴의 색상을 기준 영상에서 설정된 색상으로 보정한다. 색상이 보정된 영상은 다양한 전처리 기법을 적용하여 패턴 검사를 수행한다. 실험을 통하여 본 연구에서 제안한 알고리듬은 LCD 패널에서 여러 가지 불량품을 검출 할 수 있었고, 또한 제안된 방식은 기존의 방식과 비교하여 불량 검출이 용이함을 알 수 있었다.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.321-331
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• 2000

색상 배열 검사법은 기준 색편을 시작으로 다수의 색편을 가장 유사한 것들로 서로 인접하게 배열하도록 하여 피검사자의 색각 능력 (색력)을 평가하는 방법이다. 본 논문에서는 색각 능력을 신속히, 정량적으로 평가하기 위한 다중 15-색상 배열 검사법을 구성하여 PC에 구현하였다. 검사의 난이도는 인접한 색편간의 색상 차 (CDBACC: color difference between adjacent color chips)의 크기로 조정하였다. CDBACC는 국제조명 위원회에서 추천한 식을 사용하여 계산하였다. 본 연구에서는 CDBACC가 0.75, 1.1. 1.8, 2.5. 3.5, 7.5. 11, 14의 값을 가지는 8단계 난이도의 색상 배열 검사법 (test 3-10)과 빨강, 녹색, 청색의 채도 변화를 등간격으로 분할하여 15 개의 색편을 구성한 3 가지 기본색 배열 검사법(test 11(R), 12(G), 13(B))을 설계하였다. PC에 구현된 다중 15-색상 배열 검사의 평가를 위해 이시하라식 검사법으로 색맹인 아닌 30 명을 대상으로 실험을 수행하였다. 실험 결과 피검사자의 색상 배열 정확도는 CDBACC가 2 - 4.5인 영역에서 급격히 변하고 있으며, CDBACC 값이 5 이상에서는 대부분의 피검사자들이 오차 없이 색편을 배열한 반면, 2 이하에서는 아무도 정확히 색편을 배열하지 못한 것으로 나타났다. 기본색배열 검사 (CDBACC : 6.87. 7.27. 7.86)에서는 CDBACC가 5 이상임에도 불구하고 색편 배열에 대한 매우 낮은 정확도를 보였다. 색력의 척도라 할 수 있는 피검사자의 색편 배열 정확도가 급격히 변화하는 검사의 색상 차의 평균값은 3으로 나타났으며, 이때의 ERCCA (error rate of color chips arrangement)은 $20\%$로 나타났다. 븐 연구에서 PC에 구현한 다중 15-색상 배열 검사법은 피검사자의 색각 능력을 신속히 세밀하게 정량적으로 평가하는 경제적인 도구로 사용될 것으로 기대하며, 향후 후천성 색각 이상을 유발하는 질환 (예 diabetes, glaucoma)을 집단 검진하는데 유용하게 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.12-21
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• 1989

This experiment was executed to investigate the characteristics of gloss and color difference in coated films by N.C. Lacquer, Aminoalkyd, Polyester. and Polyurethan coating after chemical (distilled water, ethyl alcohol. acetic acid, and sodium hydroxide) and heating ($120^{\circ}C$) treatments, cold-check test, and U.V. radiation. The results obtained were summarized as follows 1. The gloss decreasing rate by water resistance test was the least among chemicals treated on coated films. 2. The color difference of coated films chemical treatments highly and similarly increased, except the alkali treatment showing a little increase. 3. In the color difference by U.V. radiation, the polyester coated film showed generally large difference compared with the other coated films.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제53권4호
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• pp.450-455
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• 2016

Color change in single-crystal, yellow, red, purple, and colorless cubic zirconias (CZs) was investigated as a function of annealing in vacuum and air atmosphere at $800-1400^{\circ}C$ for 30 min, for development of a damascene process of plugging a precious metal paste at the elevated temperature. Coloring-element contents of the CZs were evaluated using WD-XRF, and the color change determined visually by naked eye, and using a digital camera and UV-Vis-NIR color analyzer. WD-XRF showed that all of the CZs had cubic-phase stabilizer elements and coloring elements. All CZs that underwent vacuum annealing exhibited a slight color change at $<900^{\circ}C$, while their colors began to change to black at $1100^{\circ}C$, and became opaque black at $1400^{\circ}C$. After air annealing, there was almost no color change up to $1400^{\circ}C$. Since red and purple CZs showed greater color difference (CD) values than the others, the degree of CD is likely to depend on the original color of the CZ due to the different stabilities of their coloring elements during annealing. Based on our results, it is suggested that annealing in air at $<900^{\circ}C$ is advantageous, and assorted colored CZs can be used for precious metal damascene.

• 대한건축학회논문집:계획계
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.83-92
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• 2019

Advertising signboards are designed for the visibility to affects recall and recognition of costumers. It is well know that the visibility from images is created by the value difference among colors. The research defines whether the background color combination of outdoor signboards is configured to maximize visibility, by a series of color value variation in complex commercial facilities. The subject of study is to examine how the visibility is made by the color combination since visibility cannot be obtained independently. Two steps of analysis were performed to confirm that the color composition of signboards was based on the color value difference. The first is to analyze that the entire colors of signboards are clearly categorized as different value groups. All components of colors, hue, value and chroma had been analyzed by color aesthetic measures to prove that the value variation has the only regularity and the principle of composition. The second step is a further verification with an ample amount of samples to determine whether series of signboards create a value altering pattern. The data for analysis is gained by colorimetric survey and the color data are used for exponentializing the degree of combining, which shows selective affinity between each pair colors.

• 한국의상디자인학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.135-145
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• 2017

In order to analysis on color difference of yellow natural dyes, I have dyed cellulose and protein fabrics. The results of experiment have been analysed by wavelength of maximum absorption, amounts of dye uptake, color difference, Hunter's value and Munsell's value. The results from these analyses are as follows : Bud of pagoda tree, Amur cork, and Curcuma showed greenish yellow color, Gardenia Jasminoides showed reddish yellow color. Barberry root showed reddish yellow color with post-mordanting method on cellulose fabric. Moreover, Dupioni silk was dyed in reddish yellow color by Barberry root and Rhubarb. In addition to Chroma index, Gardenia Jasminoides and Curcuma showed clear color overall. However, dyeing rayon and silk by Barberry root, and dyeing silk by Rhubarb showed clear color. Comparing all the results to actual dyed materials, Bud of pagoda tree had small dye uptake, and both ${\Delta}a$ and ${\Delta}b$ value were short which can't recognized the yellow color easily. Dye uptake of Amur cork and Gardenia Jasminoides was small just like Bud of pagoda tree. However, ${\Delta}b$ value order was Gardenia Jasminoides>Amur cork>Bud of pagoda tree. Therefore, Gardenia Jasminoides recognized reddish yellow because of big value of red color and yellow color. In case of Barberry root and Rhubarb which have larger dye uptake, Baberry root recognized yellow color on rayon only, and couldn't recognized yellow color on bleached cotton fabric, ramie, silk, and dupioni silk. Rhubarb recognized yellow color on rayon with pre-mordanting method only, but recognized silk and dupioni silk as brown like color. Moreover, we could not analyze color by dye uptake, Lab, and H(v/c) for Barberry root and Rhubarb. As a result, I think we need to attach color table for the research paper which handled the color of dyeing materials.

• 전자공학회논문지S
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• 제36S권12호
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• pp.34-40
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• 1999

일반적인 칼러 텔레비전 시스템에서는 색차신호의 대역제한으로 인하여 고채도 영상의 색경계 부분이 열화된다. 본 논문에서는 경계부분의 열화를 보정하기 위해 잡음의 영향을 적게 받는 변형된 색상가중 휘도복조 방식을 제안하였다. 제안 방식에서는 색차신호의 미분치와 대역제한된 휘도신호의 미분치의 비로써 색상 가중치를 구하였다. 색신호의 분리가 양호한 경우, 1차 저역통과 필터를 거친 색차신호와 휘도 신호는 이론적으로 거의 완전한 보정을 할 수 있다. 또한 잡음이 있는 화상인 경우 제안 방식으로 보정하는 과정에서 미분처리에 따른 임펄스성 잡음이 수반될 수 있으며 이를 제거하기 위한 잡음저감 방법도 함께 고려하였다. 잡음이 있는 화상을 사용한 컴퓨터 모의실험을 통해서 고채도 칼러영상의 경계영역에서 해상도의 향상과 함께 대역확장의 효과를 확인하였다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.270-275
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• 2015

Objectives: This study examined the color changes of a resin composite with different shades upon exposure to water with different pH. Materials and Methods: Nanohybrid resin composites (Filtek Z350XT, 3M ESPE) with four different shades (A2, A3, B1, and B2) were immersed in water with three different pH (pH 3, 6, and 9) for 14 day. The CIE $L^*a^*b^*$ color coordinates of the specimens were evaluated before and after immersion in the solutions. The color difference (${\Delta}E^*$) and the translucency parameter (TP) were calculated using the color coordinates. Results: ${\Delta}E^*$ ranged from 0.33 to 1.58, and the values were affected significantly by the pH. The specimens immersed in a pH 6 solution showed the highest ${\Delta}E^*$ values (0.87 - 1.58). The specimens with a B1 shade showed the lowest ${\Delta}E^*$ change compared to the other shades. TP ranged from 7.01 to 9.46 depending on the pH and resin shade. The TP difference between before and after immersion in the pH solutions was less than 1.0. Conclusions: The resulting change of color of the tested specimens did not appear to be clinically problematic because the color difference was < 1.6 in the acidic, neutral, and alkaline solutions regardless of the resin shade, i.e., the color change was imperceptible.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제53권3호
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• pp.139-149
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• 2023

Objective: To assess the color stability and translucency of full cubic stabilized zirconia (FSZ) following orthodontic bonding with different surface treatments and coffee thermocycling (CTC). Methods: This in vitro study was conducted on 120 disc-shaped specimens of FSZ. Thirty specimens were selected as the control group and remained intact. The remaining specimens were randomly divided into three groups based on the type of surface treatment (n = 30): airborne particle abrasion (APA), silica-coating (CoJet), and carbon dioxide (CO₂) laser. After metal bracket bonding in the test groups, debonding and polishing were performed. Subsequently, all specimens underwent CTC (10,000 cycles). Color parameters, color difference (ΔE₀₀), and translucency parameter (TP) were measured three times at baseline (t0), after debonding and polishing (t1), and after CTC (t2). Data were statistically analyzed (α = 0.05). Results: Significant difference existed among the groups regarding ΔE₀₀t0t2 (p < 0.001). The APA group showed minimum (ΔE₀₀ = 1.15 ± 0.53) and the control group showed maximum (ΔE₀₀ = 0.19 ± 0.02) color stability, with no significant difference between the laser and CoJet groups (p = 0.511). The four groups were significantly different regarding ΔTPt0t2 (p < 0.001). Maximal increases in TP were noted in the CoJet (1.00 ± 0.18) and APA (1.04 ± 0.38) groups while minimal increase was recorded in the control group (0.1 ± 0.02). Conclusions: Orthodontic treatment makes zirconia restorations susceptible to discoloration and increased translucency. Nonetheless, the recorded ΔE₀₀ and ΔTP did not exceed the acceptability threshold.