• KSBB Journal
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.724-729
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• 1998

To develop a large scale countercurrent single pass heat exchanger for continuous transportation and sterilization of soybean paste, microflora and color value of sterilized soybean paste were examined at various sterile condition. Aerobes, anaerobes, molds, yeasts and lactic acid bacteria were 5.1 x 107 CFU/g, 7.1 x 107 CFU/g, 2.6 x 105 CFU/g, 4.3 x 106 CFU/g, 1.3 x 107 CFU/g, respectively in raw soybean paste. In gold band ampoule test, aerobes and anaerobes of soybean paste were viable up to 90$^{\circ}C$, but become unviable at 100$^{\circ}C$. Molds decreased rapidly and yeasts decreased slowly from 70$^{\circ}C$. Lactic acid bacteria were unviable at 60$^{\circ}C$ within 10 min. In color test, Hunter L, a, and b values of soybean paste were 50.2, +5.6, and +17.8, respectively. After heating in polyethylene film bag at 80$^{\circ}C$, Hunter values were not so much changed and become 50.2, +4.7, and +19.7, respectively. The micorflora and color of soybean paste sterilized in a large scale heat exchanger system resulted in very similar to those of gold band ampoule and polyethylene film bag by effective heat transfer.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2009

This study was carried out to breed and develop high quality and functional nutrient tomato with multi disease resistance as well as a stable growing adaptation for fresh market usage under protected plastic houses cultivation. The materials were used 5 inbred lines and their 6 hybrids of large tomato group, which have been bred and developed from 1999 to 2007 in Division of Plant Resource Department of Chungnam National University. Fruit weight showed hybrid vigor effect that $F_1$ hybrids weighed more than their parent lines, fruit shape formed three type of oblate, deep oblate and globe shape, in firmness and pericarp thickness have got a high significant correlation, inbred DN611 line was measured the most firm fruit with 6.04 mm pericarp thickness. In fruit color at maturity, pink color crossed to red color appeared all red fruit color in the $F_1$ hybrids, it means red skin color is a dominant gene compared to pink skin color is a recessive gene in tomato, while between fruit skin color and shoulder part color showed no any co-relationship. The sugar content and titratable acid of $F_1$ hybrids inherited an intermediate data of their parent lines, the flavor of KP543 inbred line and the hybrid (JB535 x KP543) revealed the better taste with high brix and proper titratable acid content$^{*}$. In beta carotene content DN611 line showed 2~3 times higher than other materials so that its 3 hybrids contained an increased level of beta carotene, lycopene content was not so much difference among inbred lines and $F_1$ hybrids, of them MD508 contained higher of 8.72 mg and hybrid (JB535 x JA517) had 8.05 mg lycopene content per 100 g fruit, overall pink skin color and red skin color measured a higher lycopene content than yellow and orange skin color at ripe stage. In disease resistance test by PCR marker for Fusarium race2 (I2), Nematode (Mi1), ToMV ($Tm2^2$), Cladosporium (Cf9), (JB535 x JA517) hybrid have got multi-resistance with homozygote band in Nematode, ToMV, Cladosporium and heterozygote band in Fusarium race2. Through this breeding program we could select high quality and functional nutrient with multi resistant $F_1$ hybrids and inbred lines in tomato which are two best hybrids (JB535 x MD508), (JB535 x JA517), additionally developed high beta carotene inbred line DN611 and increased the level of lycopene inbred line MD508. These results will be very useful to make a high quality tomato variety continuously.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.195-200
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• 2013

Here, we report preparation of cyan ceramic nano-pigment for inkjet printing and the Ni substitutional effects on the cyan color. $MgAl_2O_4$ was selected as the crystalline host network for the synthesis of nickel-based cyan ceramic nano-pigments. Various compositions of $Ni_xMg_{1-x}Al_2O_4$ ($0{\leq}x{\leq}1$) powders were prepared using the polymerized complex method. The powder was then preheated at $400^{\circ}C$ for 5 h and finally calcined at $1000^{\circ}C$ for 5 h. XRD patterns of $Ni_xMg_{1-x}Al_2O_4$ showed a single phase of the spinel structure in all the compositions. The particle sizes ranged from 20 to 50 nm in TEM observations. The characteristics of the color tones of $Ni_xMg_{1-x}Al_2O_4$ were analyzed by UV-Visible spectroscopy and CIE $L^*a^*b^*$ measurement. CIE $L^*a^*b^*$ measurement results indicate that the pigment color changes from light cyan to deep cyan due to the decrease of the $a^*$ and $b^*$ values with an increase of an Ni substitutional amount. In addition, the thermal stability and the binding nature of $Ni_xMg_{1-x}Al_2O_4$ are also discussed using TG-DSC and FT-IR results respectively.

• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.9-14
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• 2009

This study was conducted to develop a electronic circuit of primary color reaction for urine analyzer for measuring color response of urine strip. A primary color reaction system is equipped with the computer, electronic circuit, tray, detecting assembly and software. The determination of coefficient($R^2$) between reagent and color sensor were 0.9801(R), 0.9868(G) and 0.9837(B). To evaluate the system verification, we measured the primary color reaction of erythrocytes, Bilirubin, Urobilinogen, Ketones and Protein. We concluded that it is possible to use the developed the primary color reaction system for urine analyzer using u-health.

• 한국해양학회지
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.55-62
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• 1968

The distributions of average water color and the transparency in the seas around Korea show two patterns: the one is the East Sea and the South Ses, the other is the Yellow Sea. In the East Sea and the South Sea, the water colors C$\sub$E/ in Forel scales change from green to greenish blue with distance x in miles from the seashore, an average color is bluish green, 3.7 in Forel scales, and the relationship is given by C$\sub$E/ = 5e$\^$-0.056.root.x; an average transparency is 15m and the transparency T$\sub$E/ shows following formula with distance x, E$\sub$E/=0.9.root.x+10. In the Yellow Sea, the water color C$\sub$Y/ changes from green yellow to bluish green with distance, an average color is light green, 5.6 in Forel scales, and the relationship is given by C$\sub$Y/= 8.5e$\^$-0.086.root.x; an average transparency is 7m, the farther it is from the seashore, the deeper transparency T$\sub$Y/ is as following, T$\sub$Y/=1.2 .root.x+1. Along the seashore, the transparency T$\sub$Y/ is only 10% that of the East Sea and the South Sea. The distributions of the water color and the transparency by depth change in values within the continental shelf. The water color in Forel scales decreases with the distance from the seashore and depth; the transparency increases with the distance and depth. They are caused by suspended particles, especially suspended clay, and it is the major factor in the change in color and transparency, particularly in the Yellow Sea. In September, the sea water is the clearest in the seas around Korea, transparency shows the maximum and water color the minimum in forel scales. The water color shows green yellow when transparency is 1m, green at 10m, and greenish blue at 20m. the relationship between the water color and the transparency shows an exponential distribution as following, C=9e$\^$-kT/, k=0.0625m$\^$-1/. This formula agrees with calculated formulas between the water color and the transparency from the emprircal formulas C$\sub$E/ and T$\sub$E/, C$\sub$Y/ and T$\sub$Y.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.532-538
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• 2013

This study was done in order to monitor the quality properties of the granule using Bokbunja (Rubus coreanus Miquel) extracts. In order to prepare the granule depending on operational parameters such as content of Bokbunja extract ($X_1$, 0.4~1.2 g), sugar content ($X_2$, 6~10 g) and citric acid content ($X_3$, 0.1~0.3 g), a response surface methodology was applied to monitor the optimum recipes on the organoleptic properties and Hunter's color. The optimum recipe on the organoleptic color showed extract content of 0.96 g, sugar content of 7.05 g and citric acid content of 0.232 g. The optimum recipe on the organoleptic flavor showed extract content of 0.86 g, sugar content of 6.04 g and citric acid content of 0.215 g. The optimum recipe on the organoleptic taste showed extract content of 0.92 g, sugar content of 6.39 g and citric acid content of 0.251 g. The optimum recipe on the overall palatability showed extract content of 0.86 g, sugar content of 6.65 g and citric acid content of 0.272 g. The response surface of the Hunter's color b value was similar to the response of the overall palatability; therefore, the optimum conditions accepted by the consumers were 0.8 g Bokbunja extract content and 0.6 g sugar content in the Hunter's color a value of 6.0.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.41-48
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• 2004

Statement of problem : The Cement as well as restoration required esthetics for making natural color restoration. Purpose : The purpose of this research is to evaluate color stability of restoration intermediated by resin cement which is used for cementation of all ceramic crown. Material and method : After making Empress 2 ingot into the size of $10mm{\times}10mm{\times}1mm$ according to indication, it glazed and made 48 Empress 2 blocks. Three kinds of resin cement(Rely-X, Variolink 2, Choice) having same shade cemented between Empress 2 blocks and Ivory shade tiles and made 48 specimens in the thickness of $30{\mu}m$ and $80{\mu}m$. After measureing color difference using spectorphotomenter, the result of this study were as follows. Results : The color difference of resin cement used in experiment increased in the order Rely-X, Variolink 2. As the thickness of cement increases, the color difference of all kinds of cement found statistically sifnificant difference but, this result is clinically acceptable. Conclusion : More resarch would have to be done in order to decrease the color difference as cement's thickness.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.61 no.4
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• pp.163-167
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• 2017

Along with the progress of white LED technology, red phosphors have become increasingly important in industry and academia, and a more specific demand has steadily increased in the market. Red phosphors are used in high efficiency and high rendering LED lightings. However, using red phosphors with $Eu^{2+}$ activators caused color rewarming and reduced emission intensity in white LED chips due to strong reabsorption in the green or yellow wavelength range caused by the 4f-5d transition. $Mn^{4+}$ doped phosphors which have no such drawbacks and which can further improve the color rendering index (CRI) are now of great interest. However, $Mn^{4+}$-doped phosphors have a disadvantage in that the emission wavelength is determined depending on the host due to the $^2E_g{\rightarrow}^4A_2$ transition. In this study, the $SrO-BaO-GeO_2$ solid-solution was selected, and $Sr_{1-x}B_axGe_4O_9:Mn^{4+}{_{0.005}}$ ($0{\leq}x{\leq}1$) phosphors were synthesized and characterized. This led to a versatile color tuning in LED technology.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.350-356
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• 2009

Perovskite codoped with chromium and iron have been studied. Samples with $YAl_{0.96}(Cr_{0.04-x}Fe_x)O_3$(x=0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04) were prepared by solid state reaction at $1450^{\circ}C$ for 6 h and were characterized by XRD, FT-IR, Raman spectroscopy, SEM and UV-vis spectrophotometer. The color of the synthesized pigments were from red to dark brown(in bulk). Up to 0.02 mole $Fe_2O_3$ for substituting $Cr_2O_3$ development of color in lime-glaze gives good red color but as increasing amount of $Fe_2O_3$ and decreasing $Cr_2O_3$ proportionally produce from brownish red to brown. Increasing $Fe_2O_3$ amount lead to weaken crystal field relatively due to have smaller ionic radius than $Cr_2O_3$ ionic one. The UV-vis peaks were shifted to lower wavelength.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.57 no.1
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• pp.88-97
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• 2024

The underwater color environment was assessed by conducting color calculations based on underwater spectral irradiance measurements at various depths. Changes in the distribution of underwater spectral irradiance values between 1 and 3 m, exhibited similar trends in areas Stn. 1, 5, and 6. Likewise, changes between 5 and 20 m displayed comparable patterns in areas Stn. 1, 2, 4, and 6. Color values for each observed area fell between 0.14 and 0.26 (x-values) and 0.2 and 0.36 (y-values), with the y-values exhibiting a variation 1-3 times greater than the x-values. Color a_* and b_* values ranged from a maximum of -17 and -6 to a minimum of -63 and -30, respectively. By classifying fishing grounds based on observed variations, Stn. 1, 9, Stn. 2, 3, Stn. 7, 8 and Stn. 4, 5, 6 were grouped independently. Particularly, Stn. 5, 6, 7, and 8 were categorized into distinct groups that could be visually differentiated, especially when considering the significant changes in color a_* as the water depth increased from 10 to 20 m. Tokyo Bay were classified into different color groups, and Wakayama Prefecture offshore was classified into the same color group as the surveyed fishing grounds.