• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.105-112
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• 2008

Grading of the urushi lacquer is quite difficult because of large variations depending on origin, growing conditions, time acquisition, storage conditions. It is urgently required to establish a grading system of urushi lacquer by combining traditional method with scientific methods. Traditional grading of urushi lacquer was done by visual inspection of 10 experts who are working on urushi lacquer industry. Common aspects of the experts were color, odor, viscosity, spread properties on Hanji, color and drying properties on glass based the traditional grading system. In addition, rubbing on Hannj and heating with alcohol lamp was also used to grade urushi lacquer. The grading results of 10 experts showed that chinese urushi lacquer (E) of 7.03, japanese urushi lacquer (C) of 6.84, domestic urushi lacquer of (A) of 6.41 and another chinese urushi lacquer (D) of 5.27, and domestic urushi lacquer (B) of 2.50 in descending order. The degree of spread on Hanji was not consistent among 10 experts. These results indicated that the traditional grading system was pretty much personal and required of developing more objective method based on scientific background.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.149-167
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• 2001

Today, every culture has taken on the compromise form by means of the cultural difference, variety, and pluralism according to the internationalization and the advance so that it has been developed toward the half-blooded and multilayered the aspect. In accordance with this current of the times, this thesis observed the feminism found in the multiculturism of the end of the 20th century, the third world, and technology with the side of the tendency of modern fashion, considered the hybride phenomenon which is pulling down the wall between culture and genre due to the social diversification. and predicted the fashion trend do 21st century serf on it. Multiculturism is the movement that began to arise in the academic world of America and the literary world form the close of 1980's in accepting the variety of culture and regarding the culture with the more balanced and wide view and just as it is, it means the attitude of accepting one or more cultures of variely and the position of taking interest in the culture of minority race not the culture of a governing race. It is the fashion of feminism adapts dualism like unisex, androgynous look, etc of bisexual lendency in the 1980's, it shows new style with crossover of liberal sense because there is not the difference of sex in fashion. The eco-feminism pursues the natural sexuality not being instrumental and dismantling and expressed it in the Gender expression of an integrated human being. The trend of ethnic fashion in the close of 20th century is that the element of hippie is working so strongly. By adding embroidery of Oriental style, accessories of Indian style, feathers, beads, a hempen hood to the ethnic costumes of Asia and Latin, is shows the figure of ethnic hippie. As the cycler fashion is the future clothes through technology of computer, it uses a cool glass material bringing up the image of a spacesuit in order to expresses cyber image through artificial color combination of sheen colors, Though this techno-color fashion has established the fresh stimulation and the innovative aspect with ultramodern materials and image of futurism, it transmits a hope of estranged people and the natural elements. Hybride means a cross and mixture of animal and plant in Korean and is also called fusion. The phenomenon of hybrid predicts to comes the period of a cross and variation because something completely new comes into the world by contamination, mixture and compromise through meeting something different each other and it has on advantage of developing something existing to one more stage. It is prospected that in the society of 21st century, the borderline of traditional gender will be disappeared, variety and individuality will determine the individual behavior, and the masculine value will be substituted by feminine value. In the society giving priority to feminine value, a fashion stuck closely to women is what must reflect lives of woman under the proposition of woman's beauty, being on original function. So, it is considered that a fashion with added convenience and practicality having the function which is easy to put on, comfortable to act, able to express solves so much, and able to show various appearances according to T.P.O will get into the spotlight.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.467-483
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• 2017

In this study, the degradation properties by temperature stress of $Araldite^{(R)}$ rapid-curing epoxy resin used for inorganic cultural heritages, was identified. The tensile and tensile shear strength of durability decreased for 12,624 hours at temperatures of $40{\sim}60^{\circ}C$. In terms of stability of external stress and temperature, the slow-curing epoxy was superior to the rapid-curing epoxy, and cultural heritage conservation plans should therefore consider the strength and stress properties of restoration materials. Color differences increased for 12,624 hours at temperatures of $40{\sim}60^{\circ}C$, and glossiness decreased. Both color and gloss stability were weak, which necessitates the improvement of optical properties. Thermal properties (weight loss, decomposition temperature, and glass transition temperature) of adhesives are linked to mechanical properties. Interfacial properties of the adherend and water vapor transmission rates of adhesives are linked to performance variation. For porous media (ceramics, brick, and stone), isothermal and isohumid environments are important. For outdoor artifacts on display in museums, changes in physical properties by exposure to varying environmental conditions need to be minimized. These results can be used as baseline data in the study of the degradation velocity and lifetime prediction of rapid-curing epoxy resin for the restoration of cultural heritages.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.114-121
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• 2001

A circuit model for active-controlled field emitter array(ACFEA) as an electron source of active-controlled field emission display(ACFED) has been proposed. The ACFEA with hydrogenated amorphous silicon thin-film transistor(a-Si:H TFT) and Spindt-type molibdenum tips (Spindt-Mo FEA) has been fabricated monolithically on the same glass. A-Si:H TFT is used as a control device of field emitters, resulting in stabilizing emission current and lowering driving voltage. The basic model parameters extracted from the electrical characteristics of the fabricated a-Si:H TFT and Spindt-Mo FEA were implemented into the ACFEA model with a circuit simulator SPICE. The accuracy of the equivalent circuit model was verified by comparing the simulated results with the measured one through DC analysis of the ACFEA. The transient analysis of the ACFEA showed that the gate capacitance of FEA along with the drivability of TFT strongly affected the response time. With the fabricated ACFEA, we obtained a response time of 15$mutextrm{s}$, which was enough to make 4bit/color gray scale with the pulse width modulation (PWM).

• Industry Promotion Research
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.31-38
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• 2017

This study is an exploratory study on the package design research strategy for the activation of the energy drink market. We analyzed the case study of energy drinks and the preference of energy beverage package design which are being sold in Korea and overseas from Oct. 24 to 28, 2016. The results of this study are as follows: First, preference is given to two colors, blue and red, regarding the color of package design of energy drinks. In particular, blue was the most preferred at 62.8%, and the reason for choosing color was the image that reminds me of energy drinks, and it was highly visible. Second, most preference of energy drinks for packaging material was selected from can and glass materials, and most preferred for can. Third, preference for calligraphy was found to be due to the dynamic images of energy drink preferring rough images. Fourth, package design awareness focused on overall image rather than one factor. The limitations of the study are the research subjects only to university students in Daejeon and Chungnam area. In the future, it will be necessary to classify the overall elements of package design and various research subjects, and to study the major consumption and consumption areas of energy drinks. In this study, it is implied that the design of the package needs a package design strategy in accordance with the overall product image, rather than focusing on one factor.

• Archives of design research
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.197-210
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• 2001

There are symbolicity and special meaning in the materials which are supposed to be used metalcraft from ancient to present. These are basical resources of hermeneutics and play a role as moaning elements. Generally, the precious Cold and Silver are mainly to be used with precious stone. But recently, ordinary materials like glass iron aluminum has begun to be used with them. Several artists are intentionally using them, and special skills which could be revealed by only the matherials are developing by them. In these skill, there are original material's texture and character of matter are looking like other matter. Well, special skills are adapted in these matters to magnify the possibility of expression, the originally codified meaning resources are disturbed. For example, The metal craft artist June Schwarcz is using the skills of electroforming, copper foiling, enameling, wire brush patina, fine wires fusing, etc. He is doing abstract forming and making various textures. And his works are very big size, and done by the skills of painting and sculpture. The outer form is very structural, special touches of the artists are heterogeneously mixed with the symbolic abstract expressionism color field. Further, there are mixed with Primitive original life atmosphere, Medieval ornamental aspect, Minimal, and Chaotic aspects. The meaning particles of these aspects are directly/indirectly joined but special skills and basic material languages are mixed together, the originally codified material language are disturbed. These disturbed material languages are becoming optically special effect and be illusion. It is making expressing way of tile metalcraft more fertile and be infinite.

• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.93-97
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• 2006

Polymer light emitting diodes (PLEDs) are expected to be commercialized as next generation displays by advantages of the fast response time, low driving voltage and easy manufacturing process for large sized flexible display. Generally, the electrical and optical properties of PLEDs are affected by the surface conditions of transparent electrode. The PLED devices with ITO/PEDOT:PSS/PVK/PFO-poss/LiF/Al structures were prepared by using the spin coating method. For this, PEDOT:PSS(poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfolnate)) Al 4083 and PVK(N-vinylcabozole) were used as hole injection and transport layers. The PFO-poss(poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene)) was used as the emitting layer. The dependence of $O_2$ plasma treatment of ITO electrode on the electrical and optical properties of PLEDs were investigated. The sheet resistances increased slightly with an improved surface roughness of ITO electrode as the RF power increased during $O_2$ plasma treatment. The PLED devices prepared on the ITO/Glass substrates, which were plasma-treated at 40 watt in RF power for 30 seconds under 40 mtorr $O_2$ pressure, showed the maximum external emission efficiency of 0.86 lm/W and the maximum luminance of $250\;cd/m^2$, respectively. The CIE color coordinates are ranged $X\;=\;0.13{\sim}0.18$ and $Y\;=\;0.10{\sim}0.16$, showing blue color. emission.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.1271-1277
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• 2000

The extracts from tomatoes, apples, carrots, mallows, watercreses+pine needles, Angelica keiskei Koiz, jujubes and lemons were selected and mixed at the ratio of 3 : 3 : 3 : 1/2 : 1/2 : 1/2 : 1/2 : 1/5 on the basis of sensory evaluation. The mixed extracts were divided into three lots and treated as follows. The first lot was heated for 15 sec at $96^{\circ}C$ without centrifugation and filtration, the second filtered through a ultramembrane filter. For the third one, the ultrafiltrate combined with autoclaved retentates on the membrane filter and the previous centrifugal precipitation. The mixed juices were stored in the glass bottles with atmosphere or in film package with nitrogen gas. And then they were stored at $4^{\circ}$ and $20^{\circ}C$. During storage the treated juices showed $pH\;4.07{\sim}4.10$, titratable acidity $66.35{\sim}84.08$, soluble solid $7{\sim}9^{\circ}Brix$, reducing sugar $5.42{\sim}6.97%$, glucose $1.96{\sim}2.30%$ and fructose $3.46{\sim}4.14%$. The ultrafiltered juices showed yellow color, different from orange color of other treatment lots. Peroxidase activity and microbial population were inhibited by thermal treatment and ultrafiltration. The browning effects of the mixed juice of fruits and vegetables during storage were caused by ascorbic acid oxidation and non-enzymatic browning reaction, which could be reduced by change and packing with nitrogen gas instead of atmosphere inside bottles.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.53 no.spc
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• pp.84-88
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• 2008

This study was carried out to develop the methods for efficient extracting and stabilization of anthocyanin pigments in black colored soybean. The optimum solvent concentration for the highest pigment extraction from seed coat of black colored soybean was 60% MeOH with 0.1% HCl in laboratory test. The higher temperature of the solvent until $60^{\circ}C$ led to better extraction efficiency of anthocyanin. The anthocyanin extracts maintained almost its stability in strong acidity area whereas it destroyed markedly over pH 4. Also anthocyanin extracts was stable for a while under weak light condition, but it showed rapid degradation of pigment color and markedly decreased HPLC value for anthocyanin content after one month storage days. In case storage temperature and instrument, glass vessel on low temperature ($4^{\circ}C$) was good storage condition among some treatments. And C3G was more stable than other pigments.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.109-126
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to analyze the expressional characteristics of the machine aesthetics in the fashion design. First, this study was started from analyzing mechanical beauty represented on the early 20th century art style. Machine aesthetics has influenced on the art and fashion design from modern to now. Futurism was grounded in the complete renewal of human sensibility brought about by the great discoveries of science. Especially, Russia avant-garde was inspired by the Futurism, that is Rayonism, Constructivism, Suprematism. Kasimir Malevich moved on immediately to purely abstract paintings of which the first was a black square on a white canvas. He had begun the art he called 'Suprematism'. Malevich's geometry was funded on the straight line, the supremely elemental form which symbolized man's ascendancy over the chaos of nature. The square was the basic suprematist element and was a repudiation of the world of appearances, and of past art. He repudiated any marriage of convenience between the artist and the engineer. Vladimir Tatlin made some of the most revolutionary works of modern art, these were the first works to be called 'construction'. Constructivists believed that the essential conditions of the machine and the consciousness of man inevitably create an aesthetic which would reflect their time. They eulogized simple shapes. That believed that buildings and objects should be freed from the ornamental excrescences and the accumulated barnacles of past art. Consequently, under the theoretical background, the result is as follows. First, The functional formativeness of machine aesthetics was expressed as a geometrical silhouette, construction line, non-ornamental construction, simple color in the 20th century design. Second, The mechanical formativeness of machine aesthetics was expressed as a construction of new material-iron, aluminium, plastic, glass-, geometrical form of material in he 20th century design. That is, machine beauty has more concerned with the expressional ideology of the art style and the formativeness of fashion design by silhouette, construction line, material, form.