• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.71-80
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• 2010

This study carried out to understand the thermal characteristics of various surface material which compose the city through the observation in the summer. To examine passive cooling effect of planting of building, it is arranged four different materials that is natural grass, grass block, concrete slab and artificial grass. The results of this study are as follows; (1) Natural grass and grass block show the lower surface temperature because of the structures of leaf can do more thermal dissipation effectively. (2) There is little surface temperature between artificial grass and concrete. But there is little high surface temperature difference between natural grass and concrete because of latent heat effect. (3) The concrete can play a role of the tropical nights phenomenon as high heat capacity of concrete compare with other materials. (4) It is nearly same color in artificial grass and natural grass but there is large difference between natural grass and artificial grass at albedo. There is different albedo in near infrared ray range. (5) A short wave radiation gives more effect at the globe temperature than long wave radiation. (6) The artificial turf protected the slab surface temperature increase in spite of thin and low albedo materials.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.23 no.11
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• pp.1881-1888
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• 2014

Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from dye wastewater treatment processes were estimated by analysing their mass and energy balances, which were then used as baseline information for environmental assessment. The total GHG emissions from dye wastewater treatment plants were divided into direct emissions from the treatment processes and indirect ones from electricity usage. The amounts of $CO_2$, $CH_4$ and $N_2O$ emissions were calculated according to the Intergovernmental Panel on Clime Change (IPCC) guideline for the GHG target management system. For 3 years between 2011 and 2013, direct and indirect emissions were on average 8,742.7 and 7,892.0 Ton.$CO_2eq/year$, respectively, with the former exhibiting 52.6 %. Also, compared to 2012, in 2013, the eco-efficiency indicator by the GHG emissions was found to be more than 1, suggesting that environmental quality was effectively improved.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.37
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• pp.149-162
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• 1998

This study is thed Embroidery, Cross-stitchery, Weaving, Wax-Printing of technique and design appeared in textile of Miaos dwells in south-west among the minority people of china. The study is as follows. First, the technique of textile1) satin stitch, couching stitch, french-knot stitch, etc. using anther silk thread or cotton thread color 2) cross-stitchery 3) hand-weaving technique which is shaped other warp or weft using simple loom 4) the technique of dyeing of pattern using effect with wax. These methods are singly used mixing together, therefore doubled beauty. Second, these technuque of ornament have other independence, specially ornament apron, sling, sleeve borders, slack borderss, edge of upper garment, take off and put on easily, heighten effect of various ornament, can preserve many years. Third, Maker, female born in this country fashion by need of herself, used liberal method shown in unique creativity of life. This texture make standards capable female proud of intelligent and skill of herself. Fourth, Design appeared in textile like as pattern flying bird in the sky, strolling beast in the field, lion rolling gem, laughing dragon winding snake at gem, birks, flowers, fish, butterfly is used as the wish of long life, a lucky sign. They expressed creativity and unique conception using formation : the technique transform other shape using by omitting or adding or overestimating. Geometric pattern of tartan, revealing, Fifth, composition structure having balance and symmetry or contradiction towards center and circumstance of the center harmonized repeatedly method, expressed unique artful attraction by full composition.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.49-57
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• 1982

Transesterification reactions were carried out with myo-inositol and five fatty acid methyl esters such as methyl laurate, methyl myristate, methyl palmitate, methyl stearate and methyl oleate in the dimethylsulfoxide solvent. Their products were separated by both thin layer chromatography and column chromatography, and myo-inositol monoesters were quantitatively separated by counter current distribution. We measured their surface tension, foaming power and emulsifying power, determined critical micelle concentrations by the color method, and evaluated their hydrophilic-lipophilic balance. The results show that myo-inositol monoesters exhibit surface activites.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.35 no.9
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• pp.1015-1027
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• 2011

This study analyzes consumer-based apparel design elements and evaluation criteria using qualitative research methodology. Apparel design is one of the most important factors to determine consumer consumption and attitude; however, limited studies have examined them. This study provides essential cues for an apparel industry suffering from dramatically fluid market situations. Based on a qualitative analysis of the focus group interviews, researchers establish three categories (basic elements, elements generated by apparel, and elements experienced by consumer) of apparel design elements that are consistent with nine elements (shape, materials, color, pattern, detail, subsidiary materials, overall image & style, fit, and overall balance). The results provide 137 types of conceptualized apparel design evaluation criteria. They developed 56 initial themes, 23 evolved themes, 23 sub categories, and 12 kinds of theme categories with abstract conceptualization. This study explicates the critical role that consumer-based apparel design is the competitive advantage within the apparel industry.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.221-227
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• 2002

Effects of adding of dandelion flour on the quality characteristics of bread were investigated. Dandelion flour was substituted at levels of 0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0% to wheat flour for bread making, respectively. Quality characteristics of bread such as dough yield, dough microstructure, loaf volume, bread yield, crumb color, mechanical property and sensory evaluation were analyzed. Addition of dandelion flour to wheat flour increased dough yield, loaf volume and bread yield. And, addition of dandelion flour caused a decrease in the lightness and an increase in the redness. The results of texture evaluation revealed that hardness, chewiness, springiness of bread increased as the level of dandelion flour was increased. As the addition level of dandelion flour increased, flavor balance, bitterness, aftertaste, grassy odor of bread increased but overall acceptability, moistness decreased. In conclusion, bread with 0.5% leaf powder was the best quality in bread properties.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.531-543
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• 2011

In this study, Bokbunja (Rubus coreanus Miquel) was used with a Demi-glace sauce to compare and analyze the effect of different amounts of Bokbunja (0, 10, 20, 30, and 40%) on the physico-chemical qualities of the Demi-glace sauce. The moisture content of Demi-glace sauce increased but crude protein, crude lipid, and crude ash decreased as the amount of added Bokbunja increased. DPPH radical scavenging activity of the control group was 43.33%, whereas Bokbunja Demi-glace sauces ranged from 83.13~86.40%. As the amount of added Bokbunja increase, pH decreased, and acidity of the Demi-glace sauces increased. Sauce sweetness was significantly different between each sample (p<0.01). Salinity decreased, but viscosity increased as the amount of added Bokbunja increased. Color L, a and b values decreased significantly, as storage period increased. The sensory property results showed that the 20% and 30% Bokbunja sauces were higher than the others. The 20% Bokbunja sauce was the most preferred with regards to the balance of a steak containing this sauce with a score 5.34 points.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.63 no.5
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• pp.115-131
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• 2013

Dries Van Noten, one of the Antwerp Six, focused on recreating traditional attire from each region to complex contemporary attire and has shown designs that interpreted ethnic image in contemporary perspective from his very first collection. He has positioned himself as a designer with creative expression of ethnic image through broad use of various patterns. This paper analyze the use of pattern in Dries Van Noten's designs by season and item, and reflects on the characteristics of pattern use and influence on fashion image. Total of 887 clothing items were collected from Noten's collections on the Internet. Through analysis of frequency and percentage and cross tab of expression techniques, types, patterns of each motif, and classifications of print combinations, it was shown that Noten has applied six aesthetic rules in the use of pattern design. Pattern played the most significant role in his design. It was possible to achieve the balance of ethnic image and modern image with the mix of flower and abstract motives. Overall pattern was mostly used for practical purpose: border patterns and spaced patterns played a vital role in rendering uniqueness. Noten exhibited unity and variation in combining prints. He expressed the beauty of Oriental style by inserting solid color blocks in between patterns and decorations along trim lines.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.63-83
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• 2018

Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze how the elements and principles of fine arts were reflected in art related activities in the teacher's manual on standard childcare curriculum for a period of 2 years. Methods: The analysis criteria for the elements of fine arts were modified and complemented based on Kim and Gang(2011) and the same was done for the principles of fine arts based on Lee et al(2015). Results: First, as a result of analyzing the art contents according to life theme in art related activities, 'artistic expression' appeared the most in all nine life themes. Second, as a result of analyzing the art related contents in the standard childcare curriculum for 2 years based on the elements of fine arts, plane, texture, shape, color, volume, line, spot, space, composition, light and shade appeared in order. Third, as a result of analyzing the art related contents on the principles of fine arts, movement, emphasis, variety, unity, rhythm, proportion, balance and pattern appeared in order. Conclusion/Implications: The results of this research suggest that the childcare activities have to be devoloped in order to provide the balanced experiences with fine arts activities.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• no.9
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• pp.98-107
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• 1996

The purpose of this study is to find out the characteristics of the office space as designed by Gwathemy Siegel and thereby to understand the current trend of interior design of working space in the United States. Unlike most architects, Gwathmey Siegel have extended themselves into interior designing of over twenty offices including law firms, financial institutions and design firms and have successfully won reputation as interior designers. They have distinguished themselves by their ability to turn up and take advantage of the possbility of shaping in a given structure. Their liberal use of fixed furniture and architectural lighting , in addition to ceilings and walls , set them apart from others in the field . The major design elements and principles of Gwathmey Siegel include, among others : 1) Curved and slanted walls on the floor plans endow the office space with forms. Fixed furniture and architectural lighting frequently serve as from -creating elements. 2) The openness of the reception and waiting areas and the irregularity of the corridor walls add a sense of variety in the office. 3) In terms of color and materials, subtle changes of texture and value and the various patterns of joint lines further enrich the space. 4) The principle of symmetry , rough or partial , as applied in the layout of rooms and furniture creates a sense of balance in the space.