• Toxicological Research
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• 제17권
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• pp.201-203
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• 2001

The Japan Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association. with the cooperation of the Japan Association of Contract Laboratories for Safety Evaluation. launched a collaborative study with 38 companies aimed at elucidating the correlation between histopathological/hematological findings and immune function. Seven substances were individually administered to Crj : CD (SD)IGS rats for 14 or 28 days. Their immunotoxicity was assessed by histopathology. hematology. plaque-forming cell assay. enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of serum antibody to sheep red blood cells. and flow cytometry. Appropriate procedures for immunotoxicology evaluation of pharmaceuticals were considered.

• 한국비블리아학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.43-101
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• 1994

In this study all kinds of Library Associations in Korea counted as Library Coperatives are surveyed under the categories of their collaborative activities as well historical developments. The results of this study are as follow : 1) The library cooperatives which have more working personnel are carrying out interlibrary cooperations more effectively, than those which have fewer working personnel. 2) The library cooperatives operating with established and realizable regulations or rules are more progressive in interlibrary cooperations than those operating with traditional practices or customary rules. 3) The library cooperatives with executing committee appear to be more progressive in interlibrary cooperations than those without it. 4) Both updating frequency of union catalog or union list and publishing intervals of supplementary editions are proved to be an important factor affecting the effectiveness of interlibrary cooperations. 5) Three of library cooperatives are employing the systems for payment of information provisions in interlibrary cooperations but the other library cooperatives are employing no payment systems, or not following such systems. By the results, six kinds of suggestions to improve the activities of korean library cooperatives have been expressed.

• 한국가정과교육학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.195-213
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• 2018

본 연구의 목적은 바느질실습 프로그램을 개발하고 적용하여 중학생의 창의적 문제해결력 및 협업 능력에 미치는 효과를 검증하는 것이다. 본 연구 대상은 중학교 1학년 학생들이고, 연구 설계는 사전-사후 통제 집단 설계를 사용하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 창의적 문제해결력의 하위 요소인 확산적 사고력과 설득력에서 실험 집단의 학생이 통제 집단의 학생에 비해 사후검사 점수가 유의하게 높게 향상을 보여, 이 연구에서 개발한 프로그램이 부분적이나마 중학생의 창의적 문제해결력 함양에 미치는 효과를 입증하였다. 질적 분석 결과, 창의적 문제해결력은 '다양한 아이디어 생성', '창의적 아이디어의 재탄생', '자기주도적 학습', '능동적인 문제 해결', '즉각적인 피드백'의 학습 경험과 연관이 높은 것으로 확인되었다. 둘째, 실험 집단의 학생이 통제 집단의 학생에 비해 협업 능력에서 사후검사 점수가 유의하게 높게 나타나 이 연구에서 개발한 프로그램이 중학생의 협업 능력 함양에 미치는 효과를 입증하였다. 질적 분석 결과 협업 능력은 '긍정적인 모둠 분위기 형성', '모둠원과의 지속적인 상호작용', '함께 활동하기'의 학습 경험과 연관이 높은 것으로 확인되었다. 이상의 결과로 이 연구에서 개발한 프로그램이 연구의 목적을 달성하는 데 적합함을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구는 학생 중심의 바느질실습 수업을 설계하여 수업의 효과를 양적 분석방법과 질적 분석방법을 혼합하여 심층적으로 살펴보았다는 점에서 의의가 있다.

• Architectural research
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.27-33
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• 2017

Advances in information and mobile technologies have changed the traditional firm ways of working very flexible, collaborative and innovative, resulting in the changes in work place structures and layouts. Despite the growing body of literature examining the novel ways of working, which is called smart work, there is little academic attentions paid to the spatial aspects of new work places, namely smart offices and smart work centers. This research explores the spatial changes of work places that improve business efficiency and collaboration among workers suitable for the novel ways of working. Conducting in-depth field surveys on selected cases, we analyzed the changes in spatial structure and operation policies of smart offices and smart work centers. From this survey, we observed that the new work places under study take various novel spatial forms and they have flexible operating policies such as flexible seating and flexible work hours. We also found that it would be difficult to change existing business practices and typical ways of performing tasks, without changing the bureaucratic spatial designs and layouts. Future studies are suggested to examine how spatial structures and layouts of offices have impacts on space utilization, collaboration, creativity, and job satisfaction.

• 한국프랜차이즈경영연구
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.23-37
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• 2022

Purpose: The Korean franchise market has undergone drastic growth in recent years. Followed by expansion of franchise business types, relevant legal matters have diversified. Compared to conventional economic laws that focused on resolving problems related to unfair transactions between franchisors and franchisees, more diverse labor laws have emerged recently due to governance and economic dependencies of franchise structure. However, it was found that the business environment of franchisees and working conditions of franchisee employees have not changed accordingly due to the unique structure of franchise business. Though franchisees are entrepreneurs independent from franchisors, they are still under franchising contract with the franchisors. For instance, employees of franchisees have been exposed to malpractices in regard to pay, time, and other working conditions. These malpractices may show the ineffectiveness of current labor laws. Labor management is an important issue for sustainability of franchise businesses. Negative publicity of franchises generated from violating relevant labor laws may have significant negative impact on overall image of franchised brands. However, franchisors should not hold franchisees fully responsible for legal violations in terms of labor management but strive to prevent relevant risks. Thus, the recent amendment in labor law related to increased minimum wage and reduced worktime have called for more attention to effectively implementing the law. Research design, data, and methodology: This study was conducted through a review of franchise-related laws and various institutions and policies. Results: It is further needed for all parties, including franchisors, franchisees, and franchisee employees, to take collaborative actions to improve working conditions of franchisees. Therefore, this study aims to propose appropriate and effective response plans toward recent changes in the Minimum Wage Act, while strengthening sustainability of franchisors, franchisees, and their employees. Conclusions: The proposal mainly contains plans regarding profit-related aids and profit sharing/cost reduction strategies for franchisees, as well as collective bargaining in the franchisor-franchisee relation. More detailed suggestions are included. Conclusions: This proposal may help franchisors and policymakers develop business plans and policies in improving business conditions of franchisees and working conditions of franchisee employees.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.628-643
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• 2015

This study is to assist in developing creative designs based on the humor available in the fashion world of Moschino. For the research method, this writing examined literature on humor and Moschino's fashion world and analyzed Moschino's fashion collection, show window, Maison Moschino, and collaborative products to conduct an empirical analysis of humor shown to the fashion media. The research results are as follows. The humor in Moschino's fashion appeared in the form of surrealistic humor with the depaysement technique, deconstructive wit in clothing, such as distortion, change, or exaggeration, and textual humor, including brand symbols, logos, and graffiti. Collection pieces indicated the brand's confirmative identity based on humor with the surrealistic depaysement technique and deconstructive wit through irregular phenomena, such as change, distortion, exaggeration, and illusion in clothing form. Additionally, such attributes added to Moschino's wit and humor in decorative costume components as graphic images, graffiti, and brand symbols, including smile, love, and reversal. The show window display delivered surprises and smiles through the production of surrealistic space borrowed from various objects. In particular, performance with surrealistic images helped to show the characteristics of parodic humor. Maison Moschino was a surrealistic space for the concept of the fairy tale and for practical experience, thus working as a communication channel for humor and emotion. Collaborative products also clearly reflected the identity of the designer's own humor, which showed scarcity value as well as differentiation.

• 항공우주산업기술동향
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.105-112
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• 2009

항공우주 및 방위 산업은 개별 정보시스템을 운용하는 공급 업체들의 상호협력하에 제품을 개발하는 대표적인 확장기업이다. 효율적인 공동 작업 환경은 성공적인 비즈니스 구현을 위해 중요한 요소로서 제품 라이프사이클 전 단계에서 일관된 프로세스의 사용을 지원하고 안전하게 정보를 공유하기 위해 정보시스템 기반협업 환경이 활용되어 왔다. 본 글에서는 항공우주 및 방위 산업을 선도하는 기업들의 정보시스템 관리 현황 및 정보 관리 프로세스에 대해 살펴보고, 고객과 공급자간의 안정된 협업 도구로서 제품 라이프사이클 관리(PLM) 솔루션을 구축한 기업의 사례를 소개하도록 한다.

• 정보교육학회논문지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.131-138
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• 2020

소프트웨어교육은 학습자로 하여금 문제의 해결책을 정보처리 체계에 의해 효과적으로 처리되도록 문제를 구성하고 자신의 사고를 제시할 수 있는 컴퓨팅 사고력 증진을 목표로 하고 있다. 더욱이 이 컴퓨팅 사고력이 발현되는 문제해결의 장이 실제적인 사회적 맥락 속에서 의미 있는 문제해결의 경험을 제공해 줄 때 더 바람직한 소프트웨어교육이 될 수 있을 것이다. 본 연구에서는 소프트웨어교육에서 구체적인 결과물을 볼 수 있다는 장점을 가지고 있는 교육용 로봇을 활용하여 학습자가 몰입하여 해결할 수 있는 사회적 문제 상황 속에서 로봇과 프로그래밍을 결합하여 동료들과 함께 문제를 해결할 수 있는 기회를 제공하는 로봇기반 SW융합수업을 초등학교 4학년 학생을 대상으로 운영하고 그 효과를 컴퓨팅 사고력과 사회적 역량(협업능력과 의사소통능력) 측면에서 살펴보았다. 본 연구는 초등교육 현장에서 사회적 맥락을 가진 문제해결상황에서 컴퓨팅 사고력을 배양할 수 있는 교육용로봇기반 SW융합수업 사례를 제공하고, 이 수업의 효과성을 컴퓨팅 사고력과 사회적 역량의 관점에서 제시하였다는 점에서 의의가 있다.

• Journal of Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.1-15
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• 2019

Since its adoption by the transportation sector in the early 1990s, partnering has been broadly used with the traditional delivery method by many agencies with significant reported benefits. During the same era, a number of transportation agencies (DOTs) started experimenting with a wide variety of alternative project delivery methods (APDMs) aimed at improving the delivery of highway construction projects. The effect of collaborative working strategies such as partnering, together with the APDMs have become somehow interrelated posing a potential challenge on how to effectively integrate partnering as a concept in the APDMs. The salient question has been if the collaborative nature of these APDMs has affected how partnering is being used by state DOTs. Through an extensive literature review, analysis of 32 CMGC RFPs/RFQs and review of three CMGC case studies, the study found that there is limited information in state DOT documents that show procedures on the usage of partnering with CMGC projects. Majority of DOTs are relying on the inherent nature of the CMGC contract to promote healthy collaborative practices and there is the need to consider partnering during preconstruction and construction separately to cater for any personnel change over. The study also revealed that partnering may become less important at the construction phase due to overlap between partnering and CMGC practices. In support of this finding, a CMGC partnering model was developed that can be adopted by DOTs. This paper contributes to both research and practice by expanding the existing knowledge on partnering on APDMs.

• Journal of Ship and Ocean Technology
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2001

As Indonesia determines to increase its marine fishery production, the development of tradi-tional boatyards has to be included in the agenda as it will give the local fishing communities a better chance to compete with large capital intensive fishing companies. It will also spread job opportunities evenly throughout the country instead of concentration fishing vessel con- struction in a few large shipyards located primarily on the highly populated island of Java. However development every single boatyard in indonesia would not only be prohibitively ex-pensive, but it would also create social tensions as the introduced technology would not be immediately accepted by the rural societies whose own traditions are still culturally signif-icant. Both these problems can be reduced by developing a collaborative scheme between traditional boatyards and a larger shipyard. The shipyard, with modern facilities, can develop work packages containing knock down components which are then assembled in the tradi-tional boatyards. The work packages are planned and designed so that every component can be assembled with relatively simple tools. Radical changes can be avoided as new techniques can be introduced gradually, responding to the boatyard\\`s own requirements and aspirations. While this manufacturing procedure is conceptually straightforward its efficient implemen-tation is in practice complicated by the fact that each traditional boatyard has unique char-acteristics in terms of labour resources, technological capability, and transportation links. By developing a computer model to simulate the interaction between the main shipyard and small traditional a computer model to simulate the interaction between the main shipyard and small traditional boatyards work packages can be designed that ensure that activities at all manufacturing locations are efficient.