• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.93-116
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• 2006

Purpose : This study is to examine the effects of Hwaganjeon water extract(HGJ) on immobilization-stress or cold-stress in BALB/C mice. Methods : We have Hwaganjeon water extract(HGJ) by freeze-dryer & melt it by a saline solution. We feed HGJ 500mg/Kg to 5mice, and add immobilization-stress by putting mice in plastic cylinder 10 hours, and add cold-stress by putting mice in $4^{\circ}C$ cold room 6 hours. Results : 1. HGJ decreased the serum level of histamine and corticosterone increased by immobilization-stress or cold-stress. HGJ inhibited the release of histamine from mast cells at the concentration of 1 mg/ml. 2. HGJ did not affect the cell viability of thymocytes decreased by immobilization-stress or cold-stress, but increased the cell viability of splenocytes decreased by immobilization-stress or cold-stress. 3. HGJ decreased the population of splenic $CD4^{+}$ and $CD8^{+}$cells increased by immobolization-stress or cold-stress. 4. HGJ enhanced the production of ${\gamma}$-interferon(IFN) and interleukin(IL)-2 decreased by immobilization-stress or cold-stress. Conclusion : These results indicate that HGJ may be useful for the prevention and treatment of stress via suppression of serum histamine and corticosterone level and enhancement of immune response.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.177-193
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• 2003

Objective : The present studies investigated the effects of 120Hz high frequency electroacupunctue(EA) on the stress-induced stomach dysfunction in relation to its effect on the level of stress hormone and gastric mucosal damages. The gastric mucosal injury was induced by cold-restraint stress and two acupoints corresponding to Zusanli and Sanyinjiao in man were used. Methods: Cold-restraint stress produced typical gastric lesions in all rats of the stressed groups, but he number of ulcers as well as the mean ulcer diameter were reduced by 120 Hz EA pre-treatment. The cold-restraint stress also induced an increase in catecholamine response involving epinephrine, norepinephrine and dopamine, but an slight decline were observed in EA pre-treated rats compared with cold-restrained rats. Results: The degranulation value of gastric mast cell was significantly higher in cold-restrained rats than in control ones. However, with the significant reduction of degranulation values of gastric mast cells in EA pre-treated rats compared with cold-restrained ones, $PGE_2$ content in the gastric mucosa of EA pre-treated rats was also different from that observed in cold-restrained rats. Cold-restraint stress induced an elevated mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory gene such as cyclooxygenases-2 and tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-${\alpha}$, but these expression were down-regulated in EA pre-treated rats. Immunohistochemecal analysis showed that while the inhibitory-${\kappa}B{\alpha}$ an TNF-${\alpha}$ immunoreaction in the surface epithelium of the stomach tended to increase, both reactions in the EA pre-treated rats showed similar pattern as observed in controls. Conclusions : These results suggest that 120 Hz EA may act as a therapeutical means for gastric mucosal damages through a activation of pituitary adrenal system. it could be concluded that 120 hz high frequency electroacupuncture affords a good protective potential against stress-induce gastrointestinal dysfunction.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제108권4호
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• pp.484-492
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• 2019

본 연구는 기후변화에 대응하여 광범위한 지역에서 가로수 식재에 활용 가능한 상록활엽수를 선발하기 위한 연구의 일환으로서 국내 남부지역에서 생육하는 굴거리나무, 녹나무, 동백나무, 다정큼나무, 종가시나무, 후박나무, 황칠나무 등 7수종에 대하여 내한성을 비교하기 위해 수행되었다. 저온처리에 따른 7종 상록활엽수의 전해질 용출을 측정한 결과 처리 온도가 낮아질수록 값이 증가하였고, 전해질 용출량과 처리 온도와의 관계를 비선형회귀를 통하여 분석한 결과 도출된 함수들은 S자 반응곡선의 형태로 나타났다. 예측치사 온도를 통하여 수종별 내한성을 분석한 결과 동백나무(-11.586℃)> 다정큼나무(-9.348℃)> 종가시나무(-8.719℃)> 후박나무(-8.090℃)> 굴거리나무(-7.409℃)> 황칠나무(-7.085℃)> 녹나무(-6.995℃) 순으로 조사되었다. 앞서 평가한 것처럼 국내 남부지역의 동일한 지역에서 생육하는 7종 상록활엽수들 중에서도 상대적 내한성 차이가 5℃ 이상을 나타냈고 동일한 과에 속하는 종간에서도 녹나무과는 내한성 차이가 2℃ 이상을 나타냈다. 내한성이 강한 우수 수종을 분석한 결과 종가시나무, 동백나무, 다정큼나무이며 이들은 중부지역 도시들에서 외부 온도 조건으로 생존 가능성을 평가할 필요가 있다고 판단된다.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.43-48
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• 2015

바이로이드에 감염된 과수의 생산성 하락으로 인한 농업인의 소득이 점점 감소하고 있는 실정이다. 감에 감염이 가능한 바이로이드는 PVd(Persimmon viroid)와 CVd(Citrus viroid) 등이 존재하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 전라남도 감 재배 농가에서의 감 바이로이드 감염 현황을 확인하였고 열처리, 한냉처리, 항바이러스제 처리를 통해 무병화 효율성을 알아보았다. 전라남도 나주, 영암, 담양, 순천, 구례의 20농가에서 감 부유 품종 198개체를 샘플링하였다. RT-PCR 실험을 통해 감 바이로이드의 감염률을 확인해 본 결과 CVd 41%, PVd 34% 로 확인되었으며 이미 알려진 수준에 비해 높게 감염되어 있음을 알 수 있었다. 무병화 효율 실험은 PVd와 CVd가 감염된 감을 이용하였으며 처리 방법에 따라 열처리($38^{\circ}C$), 한냉처리($4^{\circ}C$), 항바이러스제(Ribavirin) 단독 처리 그룹과 열처리와 항바이러스제를 동시에 처리한 그룹 및 한냉처리 및 항바이러스제를 동시에 처리한 그룹으로 나누었으며 처리 시간에 따라 2주와 4주로 나누어 각각의 바이로이드 제거 효율을 확인하였다. 한냉 처리한 그룹의 경우 생존율이 100%에 무병화 효율 또한 67%의 높은 제거 효율을 확인할 수 있었고, 한냉 처리와 항바이러스제를 2주간 복합처리한 군에서도 67%의 높은 효율을 확인하였다. 결론적으로 한냉 처리가 가장 높은 무병화율을 보여 주었으며 본 연구결과를 통해 감 무병화 연구에 좋은 자료가 될 것으로 판단된다.

• 소성∙가공
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• 제15권8호
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• pp.562-567
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• 2006

Micro-alloyed steel or heat-treatment-free used in clean technology have been replacing for conventional quenched-and-tempered structural steels since the micro-alloyed forging steel was developed in early 1970s in Germany for saving money of heat treatment, simplified process, short delivery and good productivity. In this paper, ball stud assembled in steering system for automobile was selected to compare conventional process making heat treatment with new process using high strength micro-alloyed steel without heat treatment. The conventional process for ball stud was composed of a total of 6 steps including upsetting, forward extrusion, machining, burnishing and tread rolling with heat treatment and shot blasting. As opposed to conventional process, newly proposed process for ball stud using the clean technology without heat treatment is simplified such as forward extrusion, heading, upsetting, forming having a flange shape and tread rolling. Also net shape forming process to achieve specified process not to include machined step fur manufacturing the ball stud was applied to newly simplified process since micro-alloyed steel is difficult to be formed.

• 대한한방체열의학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2011

Purpose : This study was performed to evaluate the efficacy of herb medicine on climacteric woman with numbness of lower limbs by using Digital Infrared Thermographic Imaging(DITI). Methods : The patient was 56-year-old female who was suffering from numbness, cold hypersensitivity of lower limbs and hot flush. We treated her using herb medicine, acupuncture and moxibustion. The progress of symptoms were evaluated by DITI, and then we compared DITI before treatment and after treatment. Results : After treatment, visual analog scale of numbness and cold hypersensitivity of lower limbs were decreased and frequency of hot flush was also decreased. The temperature of forehead got lower than that before treatment and the temperature of LR3 and ST32 got higher than those before treatment on DITI. Conclusion : This result suggest that DITI can be used for assessment after treatment on climacteric symptoms with numbness of lower limbs.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제33권11호
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• pp.482-490
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• 2023

The purpose of this study was to analyze microstructural changes and evaluate the mechanical properties of TWIP steel subjected to variations in heat treatment, in order to identify optimal process conditions for enhancing the performance of TWIP steel. For this purpose, a homogenization heat treatment was conducted at 1,200 ℃ for 2 h, followed by hot rolling at temperature exceeding 1,100 ℃ and cold rolling. Annealing heat treatment is achieved using a muffle furnace in the range of 600 ℃ to 1,000 ℃. The microstructure characterization was performed with an optical microscope and X-ray diffraction. Mechanical properties are evaluated using micro Vickers hardness, tensile test, and ECO index (UTS × Elongation). The specimens annealed at 900 ℃ and 1,000 ℃ experienced a significant decrease in hardness and strength due to decarburization. Consequently, the decarburization phenomenon is closely related to the heat treatment process and mechanical properties of TWIP steel, and the effect of the microstructure change during annealing heat treatment.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.62-70
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• 2011

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between cold hypersensitivity and common health indexes including dyspepsia, headache, defecation, leucorrhea, and menstruation in young women. Methods: 40 outpatients who visited Kangnam Kyung-Hee Oriental Hospital from January, 2010 to November, 2011 were analyzed. The experimental group consisted of 20 patients diagnosed with cold hypersensitivity, while the control group consisted of 20 patients who were not. All patients were subjected to Digital Infrared Thermal Imaging(DITI), and those with thermal difference greater than $2^{\circ}C$ between anterior thigh and top of feet were diagnosed with cold hypersensitivity. The subjective characteristics of dyspepsia, headache, defecation, leucorrhea, and menstruation were obtained through inquiry by residents at the hospital. The relationship between cold hypersensitivity, dyspepsia, headache, defecation, leucorrhea, and menstruation was analyzed with Independent T-test using SPSS for Windows (version 17.0). Results: Means of defecation, leucorrhea, dysmenorrhea in cold hypersensitivity group were higher than control group without significant statistical difference. Dyspepsia appeared statistically higher in experimental group with significance while headache was the same in both groups. Means of menstrual cycle and menstrual coagulation were higher in non-cold hypersensitivity group, but there was no statistical difference. Conclusions: Results suggest that dyspepsia is common in cold hypersensitivity and treatment of cold hypersensitivity may relieve accompanying digestive problems.

• 한국소성가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소성가공학회 2007년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.42-47
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• 2007

The characteristics of the tool system give many effects into the costs and qualities for the finished components. Therefore, a tool life is one of the important issues on cold forging industry. However, since variables related with tool life are many complicated, the studies for solution should be investigated by the systematic research approach. The shape and process changes of die, the hardness changes of material and the tolerance of dies to decrease the die stress are analyzed by the FEM software. The heat-treatment of tool material is investigated to improve the tool life. Deep cryogenic treatment of tool steel is very efficient to improve the wear resistance due to the fine carbide. And, it is investigated that the shape and dimension of tool give effect into both tool life and quality of forged product..

• 한국소성가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소성가공학회 2003년도 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.140-143
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• 2003

The drawbead is an important part in sheet metal forming for automotive part and its effect is affected by various process parameters. Therefore in this study, drawbead friction test was performed at various process parameters - panels (cold rolled and galvanized sheet steel), lubricants (having three different viscosities), bead materials(steel, iron) and surface treatment of bead (Cr plating). Circular shape bead has been used for the test. The results show that friction and drawing characteristics were mainly influenced by the nature of zinc coating, viscosity of lubricants, surface treatment of a bead and hardness of coated layer.