• 대한한의학회지
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.136-149
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• 2023

Objectives: Facial diagnosis is an important part of clinical diagnosis in traditional East Asian Medicine. In this paper, we proposed a model to quantitatively classify cold sensitivity using a fully automated facial image analysis system. Methods: We investigated cold sensitivity in 452 subjects. Cold sensitivity was determined using a questionnaire and the Cold Pattern Score (CPS) was used for analysis. Subjects with a CPS score below the first quartile (low CPS group) belonged to the cold non-sensitivity group, and subjects with a CPS score above the third quartile (high CPS group) belonged to the cold sensitivity group. After splitting the facial images into train/validation/test sets, the train and validation set were input into a convolutional neural network to learn the model, and then the classification accuracy was calculated for the test set. Results: The classification accuracy of the low CPS group and high CPS group using facial images in all subjects was 76.17%. The classification accuracy by sex was 69.91% for female and 62.86% for male. It is presumed that the deep learning model used facial color or facial shape to classify the low CPS group and the high CPS group, but it is difficult to specifically determine which feature was more important. Conclusions: The experimental results of this study showed that the low CPS group and the high CPS group can be classified with a modest level of accuracy using only facial images. There was a need to develop more advanced models to increase classification accuracy.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.115-126
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• 2015

The study investigates the clothes-wearing behaviors of female college students based on differences in indoor heating systems and cold sensitivity. The respondents included a total of 281 female college students living in South Korea and China. Data were analyzed through an ANOVA and, a paired t-test based on SPSS 21.0. Korean students were less dependent on winter clothing than Chinese students for the whole body parts except for the trunk. Korean students were more likely to feel coldness more but wore less clothing. Korean students' clothes-wearing behaviors with respect to coldness depended on the indoor heating system. Korean students tended to buy warmer clothing, although they preferred not to wear undergarments and tended to wear and to wear less winter clothing. Chinese students showed more active clothes-wearing behaviors to keep their feet warm. Finally, groups divided by indoor heating systems and cold sensitivity showed different clothes-wearing behaviors in comparison to those groups based only on indoor heating systems. Even in similar weather conditions, clothes-wearing behaviors for cold adaptation depended on the indoor heating systems and cold sensitivity. The results suggest that this perspective should be taken into consideration when evaluating clothes-wearing behaviors of certain groups or individuals.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.195-202
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to report the effect of Traditional Korean Medicine(TKM) on cold sensitivity of hands and feet. And we wanted that cold sensitivity of hands and feet was measured objectively and diagnosed definitely using Digital Infrared Thermographic Imaging(DITI). Methods: The patient in this case was a 29-year-old female. The chief complaint was cold sensitivity of hands and feet. We treated her by TKM and evaluated the progress of symptoms by DITI. And then we compared DITI before treatment and after treatment. Results: After TKM treatment, the differences of temperature of hands and feet were decreased on DITI, respectively. Conclusion: TKM treatment is effective on cold sensitivity of hands and feet. And DITI would be valid to measure for treatment's effect of cold sensitivity of hands and feet.

• 대한한방체열의학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.15-19
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• 2004

Cold hypersensitivity means a condition feeling cold at a temperature when one should not feel so. Cold hypersensitivity has been diagnosed based on the patient's subjective complaints. But these days, cold hypersensitivity can be diagnosed by the help of D.I.T.I.(Digital Infrared Thermal Imaging) This study is designed to verify the validity of diagnosis of cold hypersensitivity by D.I.T.I. Thermographic findings of 100 outpatients who visited the Kangnam Korean Hospital, KyungHee University, Seoul, Korea, from June 2000 to November 2000 were analyzed. The experimental group consisted of 50 patients who complained cold hypersensitivity, and for the control group, 50 patients who did not complain cold hypersensitivity. For the diagnosis of cold hypersensitivity of the hands, thermographic measurements were performed on two pairs of areas(palm-upper arm and back of hand-upper arm). And for that of the feet, other two pairs of areas(anterior thigh-top of the feet and posterior thigh-heel). When the criterion for thermal deviation between the palm and the upper arm was appointed as higher than $0.3^{\circ}C$, the sensitivity was 94.0% and the specificity, 90.0%. And when the criterion for that between the anterior thigh and the top of feet was appointed higher than $2.0^{\circ}C$, the sensitivity was 94.0% and the specificity, 76.0%. Through this study, the diagnostic standard for cold hypersensitivity of hands and feet could be presented.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제41권5호
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• pp.872-882
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• 2017

There are no specific guidelines on how to control the heat input for the heat generating smart base layer. This study investigated the mode of actuating heat pad attached to the base layer by performing a human wear test in a cold environment. Subjects participating in the test wore T-shirts, jumper and pants on the base layer with heating pads. Skin temperature, total time of heating and the number of switching for the heating mode were observed as the subject controlled the heating mode voluntarily. The comfortable range of skin temperature on the abdomen was larger than on the lower back. The subject felt hot and turned off the switch when the mean skin temperature of the abdomen was $48.8^{\circ}C$ and the lower back was $40.1^{\circ}C$. The total heating time and the number of actuating switching were larger for women than men. The voluntary action of heating for men with high cold sensitivity was significantly different from men with low cold sensitivity. Therefore, it is necessary (depending on gender and cold sensitivity) to set the heating mode differently for the automatic heat control of a future smart base layer.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제18권9호
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• pp.147-155
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• 2001

A new displacement type web position control system for cold mills using QFT is presented. The control system features an inner-outer cascaded system in which the inner loop provides the position tracking control of the hydraulic system and the outer loop provides the position regulation control of the web. By the sensitivity analysis and computer simulation, it is verified that the proposed control system has better robust stability and performance than the conventional control system.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.31-38
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• 2002

A new steering-type web position control system for cold mills using QFT is presented. The control system features an inner-outer cascaded system in which the inner loop provides the position tracking control of hydraulic system and the outer loop provides the position regulation control of the web. By the sensitivity analysis and computer simulation, it is verified that the proposed control system has better robust stability and performance than the conventional PH) control system.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.142-153
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• 2005

The brake judder is a phenomenon that the steering wheel is abnormally vibrating when the car is braked at a high speed. It is classified by the cold and the hot judder. The former is generated due to the initial uneven disk surface and the latter is resulted from the uneven heat spots on disc surface by repeatedly braking. There are two ways to reduce the judder. One is to control vibration by modification of the disk shapes and pad ingredients. The other is to improve modal characteristics of the suspension system. The latter approach is used in this research. In this paper, the real vehicle test and computer simulation are considered to systematically understand the judder phenomenon of the vehicle. The Macpherson strut suspension is employed. Especially, the judder sensitivity is calculated based on design sensitivity analysis. A bush stiffness was reworked and braking test was done to verify the sensitivity result. The judder reduction by the mode control was verified.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.95-102
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to define the cut off values of cold hypersensitivity of hands by using digital infrared thermographic imaging(DITI). Methods: Thermographic images of 130 patients with cold hypersensitivity of hands(CHHG, n=65) and non-cold hypersensitivity of hands(NCHHG, n=65) were retrospectively reviewed. We used the temperature difference the palm(PC8) and the upper arm(LU4) for diagnosing cold hypersensitivity of hands. The temperature differences of between two groups were analysed using independent samples t-tests. The cut off values were calculated by ROC curve analysis. Analyses were undertaken using SPSS version 17.0. P value of < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: The temperature difference the palm(PC8) and the upper arm(LU4) were significantly different between groups(p < 0.001). Using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, the sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve were 70.8%, 73.8%, respectively both hands. The AUC was 0.822 on right hand and 0.818 on left hand. The optimum cut-off value was defined as $-0.05^{\circ}C$. Conclusions: These results suggest that DITI is a reliable instrument for estimating the cold hypersensitivity of hands.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제54권1호
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• pp.9-17
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• 2018

저온 환경에서의 생장에 영향을 주는 지방산 합성 관련 유전자 bkdR, sigL, yplP, des들의 역할을 알아보기 위하여 각각 유전자들이 상실된 Bacillus subtilis CU1065와 JH642 돌연변이들을 제조하였다. 이들 유전자들의 저온 민감성을 확인하기 위해 $37^{\circ}C$와 $15^{\circ}C$에서 세포들의 생장을 측정하였다. $37^{\circ}C$에서 야생형과 결실 돌연변이 균주는 거의 유사한 정도의 생장을 보였으나, $15^{\circ}C$에서 오직bkdR 결실 돌연변이만이 야생형에 비해 매우 느린 생장이 관찰되었으며 sigL, yplP 결실의 경우 야생형에 비해 다소 느리거나 유사한 생장을 보였다. bkdR, sigL, yplP 결실에 대한 이중, 삼중 돌연변이를 만들어 LB agar에서 $20^{\circ}C$로 키워 저온생장을 조사한 결과, bkdR 결실이 포함되지 않은 어떤 이중, 삼중 결실들에서는 저온에 민감한 생장을 보이지 않았다. 온도 민감성 특성을 보다 잘 알아보기 위하여 $37^{\circ}C$에서 $OD_{600}=0.4$까지 키워 $15^{\circ}C$로 온도를 내리는 저온충격 조건에서 생장하는 실험을 진행하였다. 이 실험에서 오직bkdR 결실 돌연변이만이 현저히 낮은 생장을 보였으며 추가적인 des 결실은 저온 민감성을 증가시킨다. bkdR은 branched-chain fatty acid을 합성하는 전구물질인 isoleucine, valine, leucine 아미노산을 생산하는 bkd operon을 활성화한다. bkdR 결실 돌연변이의 저온생장에서 이들 아미노산의 저온생장에 미치는 영향을 조사한 결과 isoleucine은 bkdR 결실에 대한 저온 민감성을 회복시켜주나 valine은 저온 민감성을 회복시켜 주지 못하는 결과를 보였다. isoleucine은 분해되어 anteiso-branched 지방산 합성의 전구물질로 만들어지는 반면에, valine은 iso-branched 지방산 합성의 전구물질로 만들어진다. 따라서 저온생장에서 branched-chain fatty acid 중 anteiso-branched 지방산이 중요한 역할을 하고 있음을 알 수 있었다.