• 제목/요약/키워드: cold regions

검색결과 396건 처리시간 0.023초

Amino acid substitutions conferring cold-sensitive phenotype on the yeast MTF1 gene

  • Jang, Sei-Heon
    • Journal of Microbiology
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    • 제35권3호
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    • pp.228-233
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    • 1997
  • The MTF1 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae encodes a 43 kDa MITOCHONDRIAL RNA polymerase specificity factor which recognizes mitochondrial promoters to initiate correct transcription. To better understand structure-function of the MTF1 gene as well as the transcription mechanism of mitochondrial RNA polymerase, two cold-sensitive alleles of the MTF1 mutation were isolated by plasmid shuffling method after PCR-based random mutagenesis of the MTF1 gene. The mutation sites were analyzed by nucleotide sequencing. These cs phenotype mtf1 mutants were respiration competent on the nonfermentible glycerol medium at the permissive temperature, but incompetent at 13.deg.C. The cs phenotype allele of the MTF1, yJH147, encoded an L146P replacement. The other cs allele, yJH148, contained K179E and K214M double replacements. Mutations in both alleles were in a region of Mtflp which is located between domains with amino acid sequence similarities to conserved regions 2 and 3 of bacterial s factors.

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Stability of superconductor by integration formula

  • Seol, S.Y.
    • 한국초전도ㆍ저온공학회논문지
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    • 제21권3호
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    • pp.1-5
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    • 2019
  • The superconductor stability theories are consistently described by the integral formula. If the defined stability function is a simple decreasing function, it becomes a cryogenic stability condition. If the stability function has a maximum value and a minimum value, and the maximum value is less than 0, then it is a cold-end recovery condition. If the maximum value is more than 0, it can be shown that the unstable equilibrium temperature, that is, the MPZ (minimum propagation zone) temperature distribution can exist. The MPZ region is divided into two regions according to the current ratio. At the low current ratio, the maximum dimensionless temperature is greater than 1, and at the relatively high current ratio, the maximum dimensionless temperature is less than 1. In order to predict the minimum quench energy, the dimensionless energy was obtained for the MPZ temperature distribution. In particular, it was shown that the dimensionless energy can be obtained even when the MPZ maximum temperature is 1 or more.

대장균 저온 유도성 유전자 Promoter의 단백질 생산성에 관한 연구 (A Study on the Protein Productivity of the Promoters for Cold Inducible Genes in Escherichia coli)

  • 김소연;김수현;허미애;이선구
    • KSBB Journal
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    • 제21권6호
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    • pp.461-465
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    • 2006
  • 본 연구에서는 저온에서 발현이 유도되고 지속적으로 발현된다고 알려진 대장균의 6개의 유전자 (frdA, glpB, hypE, katG, nupG, ompT)에 대한 promoter의 단백질 생산성을 알아보기 위하여 GFP를 reporter 단백질로 이용하여 각각의 promoter들에 대한 $37^{\circ}C$$15^{\circ}C$에서의 발현도와 저온 유도성에 대하여 고찰하였다. nupG promoter의 경우 $37^{\circ}C$$15^{\circ}C$ 모두에서 지속적인 유전자 발현도를 보였으나 promoter에 의한 저온 유도성은 없는 것으로 판별되었다.

인장 및 압축영역에서 콜드조인트 콘크리트의 염화물 확산계수 평가 (Evaluation of Chloride Diffusion Coefficients in Cold Joint Concrete Considering Tensile and Compressive Regions)

  • 문진만;권성준
    • 콘크리트학회논문집
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    • 제28권4호
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    • pp.481-488
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    • 2016
  • 콘크리트는 공용기간동안 구조물 자체의 자중 및 이동 하중에 따른 응력을 받게 되며, 이러한 응력은 구조적인 거동뿐 아니라 내구적인 거동에도 영향을 준다. 대단위 콘크리트 부재의 시공은 시공이음을 요구하는데, 면처리 불량 또는 이어치기의 지연에 의해 콜드조인트가 발생하게 된다. 이러한 콜드조인트는 전단력에 취약할 뿐 아니라 염화물 확산성에도 영향을 미친다. 본 연구에서는 응력조건과 콜드조인트가 콘크리트의 염화물 확산에 미치는 영향을 정량적으로 평가하였다. 콜드조인트를 가진 콘크리트는 인장하중 수준이 30%에서 60%로 커질 때, 확산계수는 꾸준하게 증가하여 건전부와 큰 차이를 보이지 않았다. 그러나 압축부에서는 하중재하 30% 수준부터 콜드조인트 콘크리트에서 염화물 확산계수가 크게 증가하여 확산계수가 170% 이상 증가하였다. 이러한 특성은 압축하중을 받는 건전부 콘크리트와 큰 차이가 있으므로 이음부를 가지는 콘크리트의 내구성 설계에 주의가 필요하다.

한반도 내륙 지역의 기후 변화 대응을 위한 극한기후 분석 및 적응 방안 연구 - 대구 광역시 사례를 중심으로 - (Extreme Climate Analysis and Adaptation Research on the Response of Climate Change in the Inland Region of the Korean Peninsula - Case of Deagu Metropolitan Area -)

  • ;김해동;김은지;이순환
    • 한국환경과학회지
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    • 제29권7호
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    • pp.773-784
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    • 2020
  • In order to protect the lives and property of citizens, the central and local governments are responding by enacting municipal ordinances and regulations as the frequency of extreme weather conditions due to climate change increases and intensity increases gradually. Accordingly, the basic contents and strategies of domestic and foreign policies to cope with cold and heat waves were reviewed, referring to measures suitable for application to the Daegu metropolitan area. In addition, it is intended to provide a policy alternative to Daegu metropolitan area to minimize damage from extreme weather by identifying the current status, characteristics, and future prospects of extreme weather in Daegu metropolitan area. Since the damage caused by the cold wave in Daegu area is not as great as that of other regions, it is urgent to come up with cold wave measures for the health and transportation sectors, and to come up with measures against the heat wave as the damage caused by the heat wave is the most serious in the country. Also we will identify spatial characteristics so that the districts and counties with high vulnerability to extreme weather can be identified and implemented first, and present civic life-oriented facilities and civic action guidelines to overcome cold and heat waves.

Distribution of Cold Receptor Transient Receptor Potential Melastatin 8-Immunopositive Axons in the Mouse Dental Pulp and Periodontal Tissue

  • Kim, Tae Heon;Lee, Jae Sik;Kim, Yun Sook;Bae, Yong Chul
    • International Journal of Oral Biology
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    • 제42권4호
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    • pp.169-174
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    • 2017
  • Transient receptor potential melastatin 8 (TRPM8) plays a crucial role in innocuous cool sensation, acute cold pain and cold-induced hyperalgesia during pathologic conditions. To help understand TRPM8-mediated cold perception in the dental pulp and periodontal tissues, we examined the distribution of TRPM8-immunopositive (+) axons in molar and incisor pulp and periodontal tissues using transgenic mice expressing a genetically encoded axonal tracer in TRPM8+ neurons. In the radicular pulp of the molar teeth, a small number of TRPM8+ axons were observed. TRPM8+ axons branched frequently and extensively in the core of coronal pulp, forming a network in the peripheral pulp. Some TRPM8+ axons ascended between odontoblasts and were observed in the dentinal tubule. TRPM8+ axons were linear-shaped in the radicular pulp, whereas many TRPM8+ axons showed portions shaped like beads connected with thin axonal stands at the peripheral pulp. TRPM8 was densely expressed in the bead portions. In the incisor pulp, TRPM8+ axons were occasionally observed in the core of the coronal pulp and rarely observed at the peripheral pulp. TRPM8+ axons were occasionally observed and showed a linear shape rather than a bead-like appearance in the periodontal ligament and lamina propria of the gingival tissue. These findings, showing differential distribution of TRPM8+ axons between radicular and coronal portions of the molar pulp, between incisor and molar pulp, and between dental pulp and periodontal tissues, may reflect differential cold sensitivity in these regions.

겨울철 북서 태평양에서 발생하는 고위도 블로킹과 중앙 태평양 기압능이 한반도 한파에 미치는 영향 연구 (A Study of the Blocking and Ridge over the Western North Pacific in Winter and its Impact on Cold Surge on the Korean Peninsula)

  • 조건희;이은희;김백민
    • 대기
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    • 제33권1호
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    • pp.49-59
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    • 2023
  • Blocking refers to a class of weather phenomena appearing in the mid and high latitudes, whose characteristics are blocked airflow of persistence. Frequently found over the Pacific and Atlantic regions of the Northern Hemisphere, blocking affects severe weather in the surrounding areas with different mechanisms depending on the type of blocking patterns. Along with lots of studies about persistent weather extremes focusing on the specific types of blocking, a new categorization using Rossby wave breaking has emerged. This study aims to apply this concept to the classification of blockings over the Pacific and examine how different wave breakings specify the associated cold weather in the Korean peninsula. At the same time, we investigate a strongly developing ridge around the Pacific by designing a new detection algorithm, where a reversal method is modified to distinguish ridge-type blocking patterns. As result, Kamchatka blocking (KB) and strong ridge over the Central Pacific are observed the most frequently during 20 years (2001~2020) of the studied period, and anomalous low pressures with cold air over the Korean Peninsula are accompanied by blocking events. When it considers the Rossby wave breaking, cyclonic wave-breaking is dominant in KB, which generates low-pressure anomalies over the Korean Peninsula. However, KB with anticyclone wave breaking appears with the high-pressure anomalies over the Korean Peninsula and it generates the warm temperature anomaly. Lastly, the low-pressure anomalies are also generated by the strong ridge over the Central Pacific, which persists for approximately three days and give a significant impact on cold surge on the Korean Peninsula.

Water vapor in high-mass star-forming regions and PDRs: the Herschel/HIFI view

  • Choi, Yunhee;van der Tak, Floris F.S.;van Dishoeck, Ewine F.;Bergin, Edwin A.
    • 천문학회보
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    • 제40권2호
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    • pp.42.2-43
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    • 2015
  • Massive stars play a major role in the interstellar energy budget and the shaping of the galactic environment. The water molecule is thought to be a sensitive tracer of physical conditions and dynamics in star-forming regions because of its large abundance variations between hot and cold regions. Herschel/HIFI allows us to observe the multiple rotational transitions of H2O including the ground-state levels, and its isotopologues toward high-mass star-forming regions in different evolutionary stages. Photodissociation regions (PDRs) are also targeted to investigate the distribution of water and its chemistry. We present line profiles and maps of H2O using data from two guaranteed-time key programs "Water In Star-forming regions with Herschel" and "Herschel observations of EXtra-Ordinary Sources". We analyze the temperature and density structures using LTE and non-LTE methods. We also estimate turbulent and expansion velocities, and abundance of water in the inner and outer envelopes using the 1D radiative transfer code. Around high-mass protostars we find H2O abundances of ~10-8-10-9 for the outer envelope and ~10-4-10-5 for the inner envelope, and expansion and turbulent velocities range from 1.0 km s-1 to 2.0 km s-1. The abundances and kinematic parameters of the sources do not show clear trends with evolutionary indicators. The Herschel/HIFI mapping observations of H2O toward the Orion Bar PDR show that H2O emission peaks between the shielded dense gas and the radicals position, in agreement with the theoretical and the observational PDR structure. The derived H2O abundance is ~10-7 and peaks at the depth of AV ~8 mag from the ionization front. Together with the low ortho-to-para ratio of H2O (~1) presented by Choi et al. (2014), our results show that the chemistry of water in the Orion Bar is dominated by photodesorption and photodissociation.

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수도 풍해경감을 위한 방풍강 강목의 효과 (Effect of Different Wind-break Net on Reducing Damage of Cold Sea Wind)

  • 이승필;김상경;이광석;최대웅;김칠용
    • 한국작물학회지
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    • 제35권4호
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    • pp.352-361
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    • 1990
  • 동해안 랭조풍지대의 풍해 대표지역인 경북 영덕지방에서 1986년부터 1989년가지 4개년간 방풍강의 강목에 다른 풍해 경감효과와 농가포장 설치효과를 종합하면 다음과 같다. 1. 동해안 랭조풍지대의 1979년부터 1989년까지 11년간 태풍에 의한 백수 피해의 발생빈도는 8월 10일부터 9월 10일 사이에 높아 이 지역의 수도 안전출수한계기는 8월 10일 이전이 안전하다고 생각된다. 2. 이 지대는 태풍 통과시 증발계수가 250이상으로 높아 백수피해 위험도가 높으며 풍해를 유발시키는 바람의 종류는 태백산맥을 넘어오면서 휀(Fohn) 현상에 의한 고온건조한 편서풍과 해양에서 내륙으로부터 한랭과습한 랭조풍이었으며 도작기간중 발생빈도는 각각 25, 20%였다. 3. 방풍강 설치에 의한 풍속 감속효과는 방풍강의 강목이 좁을수록 컸으며, 방풍강이 설치된 지점으로부터 1m 거리에서는 23%, 10m 거리에서는 34%, 20m 거리에서는 28%였으며 그 효과는 설치된 방풍강 높이의 10배까지 있었다. 4. 방풍강 설치에 의한 기상개선효과는 무방풍구에 비해 방풍강의 강목이 좁을수록 컸으며 기온은 최고 0.8$^{\circ}C$, 최저 0.7$^{\circ}C$, 평균 0.6$^{\circ}C$ 상승되었고 수온은 최고 0.5$^{\circ}C$, 최저 0.6$^{\circ}C$, 평균 0.5$^{\circ}C$ 상승되었으며 지온도 0.4$^{\circ}C$ 상승되었다. 5. 방풍강에 의한 생육개선효과는 무방풍구에 비하여 방풍강의 강목이 좁을수록 컸으며 출수촉진, 개체군 생장속도 및 광이용율 증진, 간장신장, 주당수수, 수당영화수, 임실율, 천립중 등이 증가하여 방풍강의 강목(0.5$\times$0.5cm)에 따른 증수효과는 10%, 농가포장 설치효과는 15% 증수되었다. 6. 답면수온이 낮은 동해안 랭조풍지대에서는 주당묘수를 늘리는 것이 수수 확보에 유리하여 13% 증수효과가 있었으며 그 효과는 무방풍구에서 더욱 현저하였다. 7. 방풍강 설치에 의한 풍속 경감으로 동화기관의 고엽방지효과로 완전미의 비율이 높아 미질개선의 효과가 있었으며 벼알의 변색정도가 감소되었고 변색정도가 심할수록 증숙율과 천립중이 떨어졌으며 그 정도와 부의 상관관계가 있었다. 이상의 결과를 종합하면 태풍 발생빈도가 높은 동해안 랭조풍지대에서는 품종과 이앙기를 조절하여 풍해를 회피하거나 방풍림이나 방풍강을 설치하여 풍해를 경감시키는 것이 수량 생산의 안전성을 향상시킬 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

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북서태평양에서 난수성(Pleuromamma sp.)과 냉수성(Neocalanus plumchrus) 요각류의 지방 함량 및 구성 분석을 통한 생리/생태 비교 (The Physiological and Ecological Comparisons between Warm (Pleuromamma sp.) and Cold Water Copepod Species (Neocalanus plumchrus) in the Northwestern Pacific Ocean Using Lipid Contents and Compositions)

  • 고아라;주세종;이창래
    • Ocean and Polar Research
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    • 제31권1호
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    • pp.121-131
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    • 2009
  • In an effort to better understand the physiological and ecological differences between warm and cold water copepod species in Korean waters using lipid contents and compositions, two species of copepods (Pleuromamma sp. as a warm water species and Neocalanus plumchrus as a cold water species) were collected from the Northwest Pacific and East Sea/Sea of Japan, respectively. The cold water species showed two fold higher lipid contents than the warm water species (11% vs. 5% of dry weight). Wax esters, known as one of the major storage lipid classes, were found to be the dominant lipid class (accounting for 64% of total lipids) in the cold water species, whereas, in the warm water species, phospholipids, which are known as membrane components, were the dominant lipid class (accounting for 43% of total lipids),with a trace amount of the storage lipids as a form of triacylglycerols (${\leq}1%$ of total lipids). With regard to the fatty acid compositions, saturated fatty acids (SAFA), especially 16:0 (about 30% of total fatty acids), were most abundant in the warm water species, whereas the polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), particularly eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA : 20:5(n-3)) (${\geq}16%$ of total fatty acids), were most abundant in the cold water species. Among the neutral fraction of lipids, phytol, originating from the side chain of chlorophyll and indicative of active feeding on phytoplankton, was detected only in the warm water species. Significant quantities of fatty alcohols were detected in cold water species, particularly long-chain monounsaturated fatty alcohols (i.e. 20:1(n-9) and 22:1(n-11)), which are well known to abound in cold water herbivorous copepods. However, only trace amounts of short-chain fatty alcohols were detected in the warm water species. Twelve different kinds of sterols were detected in these copepod species, with cholest-5-en-$3{\beta}$-ol (cholesterol) and cholesta-5, 24-dien-$3{\beta}$-ol (desmosterol) dominating in cold and warm water species, respectively. In addition, for the warm water species (Pleuromamma sp.), we assessed the latitudinal gradients of lipid contents and compositions using samples from three different latitudinal regions (Philippine EEZ, Japan EEZ, and the East China Sea). Although no latitudinal gradients of lipid contents were detected, the lipid compositions, particularly dietary fatty acid markers, varied significantly with the latitude. The findings of this study confirm that the distribution of lipid contents and compositions in copepods may not only indicate their nutritional condition and diet history, but may also provide insights into their living strategies under different environmental conditions (i.e., water temperature, food availability).