• 한국건설관리학회논문집
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.107-118
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• 2014

현재 전기공사업계는 경기분석 관련한 정보자료가 부재하여, 건설업계 경기전망을 활용하고 있다. 전기공사업은 건설업과 다른 고유한 특성이 있어 독자적인 경기지수 개발이 필요한 실정이다. 전기공사업 경기지수는 전기공사업 경기종합지수(ECI)와 전기공사업 경기실사지수(EBSI)로 구성된다. 전기공사업 경기종합지수(ECI)는 전기공사업 경기에 민감한 영향을 주는 개별 경제지표들의 움직임을 종합 지수(index)화하여, 경기동향을 파악하고 향후 경기를 예측하는데 활용된다. 전기공사업 기업실사지수(EBSI)는 기업의 실적과 계획, 경기동향 등에 대한 전기공사업체 대표들의 의견을 조사 지수화하여 미래의 경기를 판단 예측하는 데 활용된다. 본 연구는 '14년 2/4분기를 대상으로 실증 분석하였다. 전기공사업 경기종합지수의 경우 경기선행지수는 전분기 대비 0.4% 하락, 경기동행지수는 지속적인 하락국면에 있는 것으로 파악되었다. 그리고 전기공사업 기업경기실사지수(EBSI)는 전분기비 11.7p 하락한 83.5을 전망되었다. 따라서 '14년 2/4분기 전기공사업 경기상황은 좋지 못한 것으로 예상되었다. 전기공사업 경기지수는 전기공사업의 경기동향을 파악하고 장래의 경기를 예측함으로써, 전기공사업체가 경영전략을 수립하고 경기변화의 대응책을 마련하는데 기여할 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.17-35
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• 1993

We tried to evaluate frequencies and severities of malocclusion of various socioeconomic areas according to growth and development. To obtain objective validity, we used Handicapping Labiolingual Deviation (HLD) suggested by Draker, Treatment Priority Index (TPI) by Grainger, Handicapped Malocclusion Assessing Record (HMAR) by American Dental Association and American Association of Orthodontist. Seoul and Kwangju were selected as an urban group, Ahnyang as an middle socioeconomic group and Hwasun near the Kwangju area as an rural group. 140 (male 63, female 73) of 5th grade in 'E' elementary school students in Seoul, 202 (male 101, female 101) of 'S' elementary school students in Kwangju, 207(male 105, female 102) of 'H' elementary school students in Hwasun, and 100(male 49, female 51) of 'M' elementary school students of in Ahnyang of all the same grade were analyzed and we obtained the results as follows; 1. TPI, HLD, and HMAR showed high coincidence and reproducibility between different observer. (p<0.01) 2. In comparison of TPI, HLD, and HMAR according to clinical decision, there was statistically difference between each other. (p<0.01) 3. As the severity of malocclusion increases there was high correlation between TPI and HLD, and between HLD and HMAR (p<0.05) 4. With respect to differences between areas in TPI and HLD, there was statistically difference between Ahnyang and other areas. 5. In Seoul as an urban group there was a high incidence of periodic checkup and history of orthodontic treatment than other area. 6. Mode of feeding and posture during sleeping did not affect the severity of malocclusion. As a conclusion, TPI, HLD and HMAR are so reproducible and coincident that they can be used as a guide on evaluating the frequency and severity of malocclusion and determining the priority of orthodontic treatment to determine the need and supply of orthodontic treatment. Furthermore these indices can provide objectively valid data for establishing public health problem solution.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.407-420
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• 1995

This study was performed to evaluate and compare conservative treatment results by several parameters such as age, sex, symptom duration, type and timing of joint sound, parafunctional habits, splint type, and diagnostic classification. There have been too many articles reporting long term results of conservative treatment but articles related to comparison of treatment results by patients' self-evaluation have been rarely reported. For this study 258 patients with temporomandibular disorders(TMDs) were selected and examined by routine diagnostic procedure for TMDs. The subjects were classified into 5 TMDs subgroups ad treated with conservative treatments involving splints, physical modalities, jaw exercises, and counseling. Visual analogue scale(VAS) about pain, joint sound, and mouth opening limitation was recorded respectively during treatment period. From the VAS data and treatment duration, VAS treatment index(VAS Ti) was calculated. The obtained results were as follows : 1. Pain was the most frequent main symptom in subjects with temporomandibular disorders, and main symptom for mouth opening limitation was comparatively less than for pain or sound in disk displacement with reduction group or in degenerative joint disease group. 2. Degenerative joint disease group had the most poor treatment results and highest occlusal index of Helkim's index. 3. Good prognosis for conservative treatment was observed in acute group, under 6 months than chronic group, 6months over in symptom duration, and subjects with 40 years over in age showed the most poor prognosis. 4. Subjects treated with anterior repositioning splint had better treatment results than subjects treated with centric relation splint, but statistical significance in VAS Ti and treatment duration was not observed. 5. Treatment results according to affected side, types and point of joint sound did not show consistent statistical results. 6. The result for conservative treatment was observed poor in subjects with bruxism and clenching. 7. In studying coincidence between preferred chewing and affected side, frequency of preferred chewing side, in unilateral affection, was higher in ipsilateral than in contralateral side.

• 응용통계연구
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.249-260
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• 2009

정책수단과 장래 발생할 사건 간에 시차가 존재할 때 미래의 상태를 예측하는 데 유용한 선행지표의 개발에 다양한 방법들이 모색되어 왔다. 미래의 상황전개에 대응하는데 필요한 정보가 조기에 제공된다면 최근과 같은 경제위기의 폭은 크게 감소될 수 있을 것이다. 그간 금융환경이 변화하면서 금융변수와 실물경제활동 간에 관계가불안정해지고 괴리가 심화됨에 따라 본 연구에서는 미래의 경기동향을 미리 예측할 수 있는 국내외 금리변수들의 예측 능력을 추정해 비교 평가해 보았다.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.211-222
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• 2005

Results of 6 nights of CCD VR photometry of the nova-like variable V603 Aquilae (Nova Aquilae 1918) obtained at the Mallorcian 35-cm telescope in July 2004 are reported. The ephemeris for the superhump maximum is Max.HJD=2453213.60546(96)+0.14813(10)E. The waves with $3.^d9,\;1.^d4,\;0.^d135$ are statistically significant, which may be interpreted as the negative superhump-orbital, the beat periods (negative superhump- positive superhump) and the negative superhump with low amplitude, respectively. Another possible time-scale is $0.^d8,$ which has no coincidence with the beat periods. Quasi-periodic oscillations with an effective period of 18 minutes have been detected, which are close to 15.6 minutes reported by some authors. Their effective semi-amplitudes are $^m.045\;and\;0^m.051$ for V and R, respectively. This corresponds to the 0.12 mag excess in the color index V-R as compared with the mean color, which can be understood as the pulsed emission in the hotter inner parts of the accretion disk, similar to that observed in TT Ari and MV Lyr.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.111-119
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• 2009

A prototype GIS-based decision support system (DSS) was developed by using a database management system (DBMS), a model management system (MMS), a knowledge-based system (KBS), a graphical user interface (GUI), and a geographical information system (GIS). The method of selecting a dispersion model or a modeling scheme, originally devised by Park and Seok, was developed using our GIS-based DSS. The performances of candidate models or modeling schemes were evaluated by using a single index(statistical score) derived by applying fuzzy inference to statistical measures between the measured and predicted concentrations. The fumigation dispersion model performed better than the models such as industrial source complex short term model(ISCST) and atmospheric dispersion model system(ADMS) for the prediction of the ground level $SO_2$ (1 hr) concentration in a coastal area. However, its coincidence level between actual and calculated values was poor. The neural network models were found to improve the accuracy of predicted ground level $SO_2$ concentration significantly, compared to the fumigation models. The GIS-based DSS may serve as a useful tool for selecting the best prediction model, even for complex terrains.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.71-79
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• 1993

Many types of occlusal splints are used for treatment of craniomandibular disorders. Most widely used splint among them is flat-type centric relation splint. Insertion of splint into the mouth may cause increasing of vertical dimension, masticatory muscle realignment and rearrangement of maxillo-mandibular relationship, so as a result of splint treatment, occlusal relation may vary whether you like it or not. From this point of view, occlusal state of patient shold be frequently monitored to prevent undesired or harmful effect during occlusal splint therapy. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of occlusal splint, especially centric relation splint, on the occlusal contact state after 3 months treatment. 32 patients with craniomandibular disorders who had unilateral symptoms participated in this study. To observe and record occlusal contact state, the author used T-Scan system (Tekscan Co. U.S.A.) at both pretreatment and posttreatment. The recorded date were analyzed with regard to contact number, contact force and contact time, change of anterior tooth contact and coincidence of first contact point with affected side were observed, too. Aan last, the subjects were divided into 2 groups and compared, according to average value of VAS index, with respect to joint pain, sound and limitation of movement, respectively. The collected date were statistically processed with SPSS and the result as follows : 1. Total occlusal contact number and force were not changed by occlusal splint therapy but total occlusal contact time decreased slightly. 2. There was a tendency of increasing number of subjects with anterior tooth contact after treatment and change of first contact point side were observed in as many as 40.6% of subjects. 3. There were no difference between higher and lower group of VAS index, and between pretreatment and posttreatment in each group, either.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.439-447
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• 2013

Time-temperature integrators (TTIs) are simple and cost-efficient tools which may be used to predict food quality. Enzymatic TTIs are devised to indicate food quality in the form of color alterations from green to red, based on the cumulative impacts of temperature and time period on the enzymatic reactions. In this study, the quality of ground beef patties was investigated for the parameters of pH levels, color, VBN, water holding capacity, and total microbial counts, depending on various storage temperatures (5, 15, and $25^{\circ}C$). TTIs were attached to the surface of the ground beef patties in order to evaluate the degree of correlating colorimetric changes with the determined quality parameters. Through the Arrhenius equation, activation energy and constant reaction rates of TTI, VBN, and total microbial counts were calculated as to observe the relationship between enzymatic reactions of the TTI and food spoilage reactions of the ground beef patties. VBN and total microbial counts were already increased to reach decomposition index (VBN: 20, total microbial count: 7-8 Log CFU/g) of meat at middle stage of storage period for each storage temperature. Although activation energy of TTI enzymatic reactions and food spoilage reactions of the ground beef patties were similar, the change of TTI color was not a coincidence for food spoilage at $5^{\circ}C$ and $15^{\circ}C$ of storage temperature. It was suggested that TTI should be designed individually for storage temperature, time, type of meat, or decomposition index of meat.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.15-29
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• 1997

The author performed this study to investige the relationship between condylar movements recorded with Pantronic and mandibular movements at incisal area recorded with BioEGN. For this study 24 patients with Temporomandibular disorders(TMDs) and 30 dental students without any masticatory symptoms were selected as patients group and control group, respectively. The items recorded with Pantronic(Denar Corp., USA) were immediate side-shift, orbiting path, protrusive path, and PRI. BioEGN(Bioelectric-gnathography, Bioresearch Inc., USA) were sued to measure the amount of mandibular torque movement in frontal and horizontal plane and also the distance of mandibular translation at incisal area. Amount of mandibular rotational torque movement was analyzed by angle and difference between both condyles in frontal and horizontal plane. The collected data were processed with SAS program and conclusion were as follows : 1. Mean value of items recorded with Pantronic were not significantly differed between patients group and control group except the item of pantographic reproducibility index(PRI). The value of PRI was 39.5 in patients group, and 29.5 in control group. 2. The amount of mandibular torque movement was not differed tin early protrusive and early left excursion between patients group and control group, but in early right excursion, patients group showed more value than control group did. 3. The distance on sagittal plane in early eccentric movements were longer in patients group than those in control group, but the distance of maximal eccentric movements were not significantly differed between patients group and control group. 4. Items which showed significant correlation with PRI were progressive side-shift, and horizontal torque movement in early protrusion and right excursion. 5. The angle of protrusive path of affected side was greater than of non-affected side in unilaterally affected patients, but the protrusive angle of preferred chewing side was not differed from that of contralateral side in control group. 6. The amount of torque movement in early protrusion and right excursion were greater in patients with coincidence of affected side and preferred chewing side than in patients without coincidence.

• 직업교육연구
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.63-88
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• 2016

이 연구는 전문대학생 편입학의 직업지위 효과를 분석하고자 전문대에서 4년제에 편입학 후 취업한 경우와 전문대 졸업후 바로 취업한 경우의 노동시장 성과를 조사 및 분석한 것이다. 세부적으로는 편입학에 따른 직업구조의 차이를 조사했으며, 편입학이 직업지위에 어떤 효과가 있는지를 분석하였다. 자료는 대졸자직업이동경로조사(GOMS)를 사용했으며 표본의 선택편의 제고를 위해 성향점수매칭(PSM) 추정을 통해 544명의 표본을 추출하여 사용하였다. 또한 종속 변인으로 직업지위 지표를 개발하여 적용하였다. 이 연구의 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 편입학의 직업구조를 확인한 결과, 수평적인 산업구조에서는 편입학자가 모든 산업에 분포하고 있으나 비편입학자는 제조업에 상대적으로 많이 분포하고 진출하지 않은 산업 분야들도 있었다. 수직적인 직업지위 구조에는 높은 직업지위에는 편입학자가 더 많이 분포하고 비편입학자는 더 낮은 직업지위에까지 분포하고 있었다. 둘째, 편입학은 직업지위에 효과가 높은 것으로 나타났으며 이는 통계적으로 유의하게 나타났다. 그 외에 유의하게 나타난 설명변인은 부모학력, 전공계열, 고용형태, 전공직무일치 그리고 직무일치이다. 즉, 부모학력이 높을수록 직업지위가 높았으며, 공학자연계열인 경우 인문사회교육계열보다 직업지위가 높은 것으로 확인되었다. 정규직인 경우 비정규직보다 직업지위가 높았으며, 전공과 직무가 일치할수록, 교육 기술 수준과 직무가 일치할수록 직업지위가 높은 것으로 나타났다.