• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.150-154
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• 2019

The purpose of this research is to identify major factors that influence the cognition the elderly in community. There was a significant correlation between the cognitive and visual perceptual skills of the elderly. The subject's cognitive skill was statistically higher for males by gender, for lower age group, and for higher level of education.

• Archives of design research
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• v.20 no.1 s.69
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• pp.21-32
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• 2007

To quantitatively measure or evaluate aesthetic factors is not easy in comparison with physical, functional, behavioral or economic factors. Yet aesthetic factors essentially play an important role in design modeling process. Despite its importance, research on aesthetic assessment or the interaction of aesthetic influential elements is insufficient. Therefore, this study is intended to find the relationships between visual preference and aesthetic variables of perceptual-cognitive dimension and affective dimension in commercial space design. According to the result of this substantiation research, aesthetic variables that give a positive effect on the preference of commercial space design are unity, order, and clarity in perceptual-cognitive dimension and 'pleasant', 'relaxing' in affective dimension. On the other side, aesthetic variables that give a negative effect on the preference are contrast, complexity, and ambiguity that is a contrary concept of clarity in perceptual-cognitive dimension and 'exciting', 'arousing' in affective dimension.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.510-518
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• 1998

It was assumed that the maternal identity in primi-gravida is one of the most attribute of the motherhood, that is not biological but cognitive phenomena, appears active process as intelligent human being. The purposes of this study were that the identification the cognitive structure and the influencing factors of the maternal identity in primi-gravida. Theoretical framework in this study, maternal identity in primi-gravida was constructed as a cognitive output, has the cognitive structure of cognitive-perceptual factor, cognitive-behavioral factor, and cognitive-emotional factor. Influencing factors of maternal identity was constructed as a cognitive input, which were pregnancy related perceptions (pregnancy intention, minor discomfort, value of motherhood), interpersonal relationship(relationship with mother, relationship with husband, relationship with social network), preparation to motherhood(maternal knowledge, antenatal self care), and biological factor (gestation period). This study was the descriptive correlational research design, was done from the 3rd January to the 15th March 1996, and the research subjects were selected conviniently 226 the primi-gravida during the gestation period, data collection method was self reported questionnaire cross-sectionally. Descriptive data analysis was done by SAS PC$^{+}$, testing the hypothetical model was done by covariance structural analysis using LISREL 8.03 program. The result of the hypothesis testing, the value of motherhood(y=.650, T=4.26) the maternal knowledge (y=.137, T=2.030), the gestation period( y=.113, T=2.621), showed significant causal effect on the maternal identity in primi-gravida. In conclusion, the maternal identity in primi-gravida had interrelated cognitive structure consist of perceptual, behavioral, and emotional factors. Significant causal factors influencing the maternal identity were value identified. It seems to contribute toward the understanding the characteristics of the maternal identity as a cognitive domains that has been regarded highly abstract concept, so has not been validated empirically.y.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.609-621
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• 1998

Although many people initially enroll in health education programs, there are many instances of erratic participation and dropouts. Inconsistent participation in intervention programs minimizes their impact on health promotion. Therefore, a theoretical understanding of factors influencing participation in these programs can potentially enhance the effectiveness of its educational strategy. This study used the Pender's Health Promotion Model to examine specific factors influencing incentives to participate in an elderly nutrition education program. The Elderly Nutrition Counseling and Education Program was conducted with 147 volunteers (76 males, 71 females), aged 60 to 87, at 5 separate community elderly centers, by public health dietitians from February to April 1997. Some participants dropped out during the program. Overall, 61 people(18 males, 43 females) finished all 7 steps over 2 months. Pre-intervention data were collected by trained dietitians. This data included individual cognitive-perceptual factors(perceived benefits of nutrition improvement, importance of health, perceived control over health by multidimensional health locus of control, self esteem, perceived health status, concern about health, depression scale and social health scale), which were known to influence the likelihood of health behavior, and modifying factors(socioeconomic variables, biological characteristics, behavioral factors, such as smoking, alcohol drinking and exercise). Male finalists had a significantly lower chance for health locus of control, and better social health status with their children and grandchildren, compared to males who dropped out. Female finalists had a significantly higher locus of control regarding food behavior, higher self-esteem, better recognized nutritional status, worse self-recognized health status and lower concern about health than those who dropped out. There was no significant difference between the attendees and dropouts in age, BMI$(kg/m^2)$, Nutritional Risk Index, depression scale and daily nutrient intake. These results suggest that elderly nutrition intervention plans should focus on the individual cognitive and perceptual factors, with interpersonal influences, to increase participation in nutrition in nutrition improvement programs.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.505-510
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• 2021

Background: Factors related to root causes can cause commonly occurring accidents such as falls, slips, and jammed injuries. An important means of reducing the frequency of occupational accidents in small- to medium-sized enterprises (SMSEs) of South Korea is to perform intensity analysis of the root cause factors for accident prevention in the cause and effect model like decision models, epidemiological models, system models, human factors models, LCU (life change unit) models, and the domino theory. Especially intensity analysis in a robot system and smart technology as Industry 4.0 is very important in order to minimize the occupational accidents and fatal accident because of the complexity of accident factors. Methods: We have developed the modern cause and effect model that includes factors of root cause through statistical testing to minimize commonly occurring accidents and fatal accidents in SMSEs of South Korea and systematically proposed educational policies for accident prevention. Results: As a result, the consciousness factors among factors of root cause such as unconsciousness, disregard, ignorance, recklessness, and misjudgment had strong relationships with occupational accidents in South Korean SMSEs. Conclusion: We conclude that the educational policies necessary for minimizing these consciousness factors include continuous training procedures followed by periodic hands-on experience, along with perceptual and cognitive education related to occupational health and safety.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.161-174
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• 1999

This study tried to search for solutions of present problems in architecture through interdisciplinary study which includes biology, literature, aesthetics, and psychology, and set up two models composed of the nature and the human perception which contemporary architecture has problems on. By nature-oriented approach through biology and romanticist literature, the five types of organic principles which could be obtained from structure and order in natural system and by human perception-oriented approach through aesthetic theory of Harold Osborne and perceptual and cognitive psychology the structure and order of perceptual arousal, perceptual balance, and perceptual order in human cognition based on perceptual appropriateness could be found. The unified and organic framework of architectural composition must be considered through a deductive and inductive study as this study was approached. The results of the present study can be applied to construct human-oriented design principles and factors in architectural space and form, and better environmental quality.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.59-85
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to examine the health promoting behavior of university students and its related factors. A self-administered questionnaire survey was carried out for 1,031(male, 477, female, 554) students from 7 universities in Taegu from March 10 to April 15 2000. Collected data were analyzed by the $X^2$-test, t-test, ANOV A and structural equation modeling analysis. The results of this study were as follows; Mean score of health promoting behavior of women was higher than mean score of men(p〈0.01). According to the subordinate fields, female students showed significantly higher scores in the fields of stress management, nutrition, personal relations and alcohol-cigarette(p〈0.05). And in male students, the only fields of exercise had meaningfully higher score(p〈0.01). The highest degree of performance was marked in alcohol-cigarette field in female, and interpersonal field in male. In Both male and female students, the lowest field was health responsibility. The mean score of health promoting behavior showed significant differences in intermediating factors such as age, health education and grade in male, and such as grade, pocket money for a month, taking health education, perceived body shape and gastrointestinal symptoms in female(p〈0.05). The mean score of health promoting behavior showed significant differences in cognitive-perceptual factors and cues to action such as perceived health status, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, and health concern of parents in both male and female(p〈0.05). By the results of structural equation modeling analysis in male students, the economic status, gastrointestinal symptoms and perceived body shape as lean had significant direct effects on cognitive-perceptual factors($\mid$T$\mid$〉2.0). Grade and health concern of parents had significant direct effects on health promotion behaviors($\mid$T$\mid$〉2.0). In female students, perceived body shape as lean and perceived body shape as fat had significant direct effects on cognitive-perceptual factors($\mid$T$\mid$〉2.0). Grade, pocket money and health concern of parents had significant direct effects on health promotion behaviors($\mid$T$\mid$〉2.0). On the consideration of above findings, it is recommended that perceived health status and perceived benefits should be raised and perceived barriers should be lowered to increase health promoting behaviors, by means such as institutional approach which can enhance the primary prevention for a disease. In addition, the health policy for improving parents' concern about health as well as university students, through various ways such as health education, consulting, and health program, should be employed.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.16-25
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• 2019

While various efforts are being made to ensure aviation safety, air accident rate induced by pilot human factors is still high worldwide. In particular, among pilot human factors, it would be the most important issue for pilots to anticipate and recognize flight environmental factors beyond their control and to make a positive decision making(ADM). In the Republic of Korea Air Force(ROKAF), there were many dizzying experiences induced by bird strike incidents and developed into dangerous moments such as damage to the aircraft and pilots' increased mental stress. It is a matter of serious concern in terms of safety management and human factors to dismiss bird strike incidents as inevitable misfortune due to environmental factors. In 2018, the ROKAF Aviation Safety Agency(ASA) conducted an experimental study to enhance pilots' ADM competence that can anticipate and avoid a bird strike. As the way of the study, 'Bird Strike Preventing Information' had been written and distributed every week by the ASA to flight units in the ROKAF during the period of the study. Through enhanced pilots' perceptual ADM competence, there was a noticeable number of reduction in bird strike incident compared to previous years of the experimental study.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.650-663
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• 2013

Multidimensional scaling can be used to identify relationships among concepts, revealing the structure of the cognitive framework by measuring distances within perceptual maps. The current study sought to examine the relationships among concepts related to photosynthesis in 2,844 $3^{rd}-11^{th}$ grade science students. The questionnaire included items on 'location,' 'products,' 'reactants,' and 'environmental factors', presenting images related to each theme. Students provided responses corresponding to particular topics, and reported the extent to which the concept was related to the topic on a scale from 1 to 30. The survey results were as follows: first, students were not able to clearly distinguish between or understand the four main topics. Second, students organized their cognitive structures by closely associating related concepts after learning. Third, the presented concepts revealed a mixture of scientific and non-scientific concepts, suggesting that students needed to clearly distinguish the preconceptions through which they organized concepts, so that they are suitable for cognitive structures based on learning. Furthermore, non-scientific concepts within perceptions were consistently maintained throughout learning, affecting the proximity of scientific concepts.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.338-345
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• 2004

Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs) have become ubiquitous and continued to gain popularity. Since PDAs have some special contexts such as mobility and limited screen size, icons are utilized frequently because icons allow us to do tasks more rapidly and effectively on PDAs like another information appliances. The study presents a cognitive approach to study human factors affecting icon design with multidimensional Scaling (MDS) analysis. In the experiment, a real PDA was used to investigate 29 attributes and2 preference ratings for 22 PDA icons by 20 Korean subjects. As a result, cognitive positioning about icons, attributes, and preference data were arranged on the two dimensional perceptual map. Attributes were grouped by simplicity, universality, activity, complexity, abstraction, static, and alphanumeric time. Subjects preferences were highly related with simplicity attributes group and positive to universality and activity attributes groups. It was also confirmed that there are some icons unfitted to the mental model of Korean. However, when icons are designed for PDAs or similar information appliances to Korean, it should be designed simply and actively with universal image fitted on target users mental model.