• 인지과학
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.51-71
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• 1995

• 유통과학연구
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• 제17권8호
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• pp.45-56
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• 2019

Purpose - This study aimed at investigating the mediation roles of attitude dimensions in the effects of involvement type on hedonic product purchase intention and moderation role of lay rationalism in the effects of involvement type on attitude dimensions. Research design, data, and Methodology - "Wenjuanxing" was used online to make questionnaire, which was loaded on Wechat and QQ. 125 data were collected online in China. The Process macro model 58 including moderation of the two paths in the causal sequence was used to verify hypotheses. Results and Conclusions - First, cognitive (affective) involvement had positive effect on the utilitarian (hedonic) dimension of consumer attitude and the purchase intention. Second, hedonic dimension of attitude had positive effects on purchase intention, but utilitarian dimension of attitude had not significant positive effects on purchase intention. Third, Lay rationalism did decrease (did not increase) the positive effects of affective (cognitive) involvement on hedonic (utilitarian) dimension of attitude. Therefore Marketing managers should understand the differences between the cognitive involvement and affective involvement, and develop the ways by which they attract consumers to choose their hedonic product. And they should give affective (cognitive) information to the customers with low (high) rationalism consumers when they do marketing for their hedonic product.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.37-53
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to show that the effectiveness of utilitarian versus hedonic attributefocused advertisement on product evaluation depends on the arousal level of positive emotion, and to explore mediation effect of cognitive response to utilitarian attribute-focused advertisement and affective response to hedonic attribute-focused advertisement on the effectiveness of utilitarian versus hedonic attribute-focused advertisement. This research employs a 2 (arousal level: mild vs. elevated) × 2 (advertisement type: utilitarian vs. hedonic) between-subjects design, and 200 undergraduate students participate in the experiment, in which there are 50 students at each experimental group. The results of ANCOVA with positive emotion level as a covariate on advertised product evaluation show significant interaction effect of arousal level and advertisement type, and no effect of positive emotional level. Both of the mediation effects of the cognitive response and those of the affective response are significant. Participants under mild (elevated) arousal of positive emotion more positively evaluate the product in utilitarian (hedonic) attribute-focused advertisement. The positive effect of utilitarian (hedonic) attributefocused advertisement on product evaluation is partially mediated by cognitive (affective) response to the advertisement when consumers are under the mild (elevated) arousal of positive emotion. The results of this study show that advertisers should use utilitarian (hedonic) attribute-focused advertisement to consumers under the mild (elevated) arousal of ambient positive emotion, which should be searched by exploring what kind of event they have experienced.

• 과학교육연구지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.216-234
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• 2012

이 연구에서는 초등학교 5학년 영재학급 학생 14명을 대상으로, 과제의 개방도와 학생들의 인지수준에 따라 TS 활동에서 나타나는 언어적 상호작용이 어떤 특징을 보이는지 알아보았다. 연구 결과, 학생들은 과제의 개방도가 낮은 안내형 TS 활동보다는 개방도가 높은 개방형 TS 활동에서 훨씬 많은 언어적 상호작용을 보였고, 상위 수준의 상호작용도 안내형 활동보다는 개방형 활동에서 많았는데, 이런 결과는 언어적 상호작용의 거의 모든 하위 범주에서 나타났다. 또한, 안내형 과제를 수행하는 과정에서는 행동참여를 지시하거나 자기만족을 나타내는 언어사용 빈도가 높은 반면에, 개방형 과제를 수행하는 과정에서는 행동참여를 권유하거나 불만을 나타내는 빈도가 높았다. 학생들의 인지 수준에 따른 언어적 상호작용의 특징을 보면, 인지수준이 높을수록 상호작용의 빈도가 높고, 다양한 유형의 언어적 상호작용이 이루어지며, 상위수준의 상호작용이 많은 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 학생들의 인지 수준과 과제의 개방도는 학생들의 언어적 상호작용에 복합적으로 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 즉, 인지 수준이 높은 학생일지라도 안내형 활동에서는 상호작용의 수준이 높지 않았으며, 개방도가 높은 활동이라도 인지 수준이 낮은 학생들은 참여도가 낮고 상호작용의 수준도 높지 않았다. 이는 개방가 높은 과제가 학생들의 사고를 자극하여 상위 수준의 상호작용을 이끌어낼 수 있지만, 그 효과는 학생들의 인지 수준에 따른 한계가 있음을 의미한다. 따라서 과제 활동에서 인지 수준이 낮은 학생들의 사고를 자극하고 참여도를 높이기 위한 과제 개방도의 조절과 교수 전략의 개발이 중요한 추후 과제라 생각된다.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.595-603
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• 2002

밀도 학습에서 변칙 사례의 특성이 인지 갈등과 개념 변화에 미치는 여향을 조사했다. 남자 중학교 1학년 416명을 대상으로 논리적 사고력 검사와 선개념 검사를 실시했다. 그 후, 변칙 사례에 대한 반응 검사를 실시하였는데, 변칙 사례는 제시 방식(동영상/읽기 자료)과 권위 수준(상/하)에 따라 네 종류를 무작위로 제시했다. 밀도에 대한 컴퓨터 보조 수업 후, 개념 검사를 실시했다. 연구 결과, 동영상으로 제사한 변칙 사례가 읽기 자료로 제사한 변칙 사례보다 인지 갈등을 더 많이 유발했다. 높은 권위 수준의 변칙 사례를 제시받은 학생들의 개념 점수가 낮은 권위 수준의 변칙 사례를 제시받은 학생들보다 높았다. 인지 갈등 점수와 개념 점수에서 변칙 사례의 특성과 학생들의 논리적 사고력 사이에는 상호작용 효과가 없었다.

• 정신신체의학
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.59-67
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• 2018

연구목적 본 연구의 목적은 2형 당뇨병 환자에서 인지 장애의 빈도와 특성 및 이에 연관되는 변인과 위험 인자를 알아보기 위함이다. 방 법 2형 당뇨병 환자 80명(남성 42명, 여성 38명)을 대상으로 구조적 면담을 통해서 인구학적 및 임상적 정보를 얻었다. 한국판 간이 정신상태 평가(K-MMSE)와 한국판 몬트리올 인지평가(MoCA-K)를 사용해서 인지기능을 평가하였고, 한국판 Hamilton 우울증 평가 척도(K-HDRS)를 사용해서 우울증을 평가하였다. 결 과 1) MMSE-K 총점 24점 이하는 13.75%, MoCA-K 총점 22점 이하는 38.8%였다. 2) 2형 당뇨병 환자 중에서 인지 장애가 있는 군(N=31명)은 인지 장애가 없는 군(N=49명) 보다 MoCA-K 총점, 시공간/실행력, 주의력, 언어, 지연 회상력, 지남력 소검사 점수가 유의하게 낮았다(p<0.001). 3) 인지 장애가 있는 군과 인지 장애가 없는 군 간에는 연령, 교육 수준, 경제 상태, 체질량 지수, 당뇨병 이병 기간, K-HDRS 총점, MMSE-K 총점 및 MoCA-K 총점에서 유의한 차이가 있었다(p<0.05). 4) MoCA-K 총점은 연령, 교육 수준, 체질량 지수, 당뇨병의 가족력, 당뇨병의 이병 기간, K-HDRS 총점과 유의한 상관관계가 있었다(p<0.05). 5) 2형 당뇨병 환자에서 남성, 낮은 교육 수준, 높은 공복 혈당치, 우울증의 심한 정도는 유의하게 인지 장애의 위험을 증가시킨다. 결 론 2형 당뇨병 환자의 인지 장애는 복합적인 여러 요인이 관계되는 것으로 생각된다. 따라서 이들의 진단과 치료에는 생물 심리 사회학적인 관점이 망라된 좀 더 포괄적인 접근이 요청된다.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.35-45
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• 1999

Driver centered vehicle design is the important factor for driver's safety, product quality, and so on. Therefore, people has recently recognized the importance of driver centered vehicle design. Especially, in the focus of driver-vehicle interaction system, it is very important factor to ergonomic design of vehicle cockpit. In this study, Sketch Map method was used to measure of driver's cognitive map on IP(Instrument Panel) that is the basic factor to ergonomic design for vehicle cockpit. The compatibility of Sketch Map method was validated for the measurement of driver's cognitive map and then the accuracy between two groups was analyzed using Sketch Map method. Subjects were divided in two groups, the first group of subjects has their own vehicles and driver license, and the second group of subjects doesn't have own vehicle but has driver license. The result showed that for the case of the first group, the shape of IP in the cognitive map was influenced by IP of their each vehicle. However, for the case of the second group, it showed the difference between IP in the cognitive map and IP of experienced vehicle many times because they have been driving various type of vehicle. So, the shape of IP in the cognitive map was influenced by various type of IP.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.909-919
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to apply the learning clinic program to the maladjusted children to help the cognitive processing style, sense type and learning strategy. The results were as follows. First, the cognitive processing style of low-grade elementary school children is divided into the concept of sequential low-order style, which analyzes information sequentially and consecutively, concrete thinking style that processes real and direct information coming in from outside, and invisible principle or information. The abstract cognitive thinking style improved after the process before the program proceeded. However, There was no meaningful result in the simultaneous processing cognitive style which had excellent intuition and emotion and likes change. Second, the temporal lobe in which the linguistic activity is viewed, heard and spoken in the sensory type, the function of the occipital lobe in which the character or the language is processed is improved, but the function of the parietal lobe in moving and manipulating the body is not significant. Finally, factors that contribute to learning such as sincerity, learning initiative, study method, study habits, and concentration are helpful in learning and school life.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.111-119
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• 2009

For daily life interaction with human, robots need the capability of encoding and storing cognitive information and retrieving it contextually. In this paper, spatiotemporal grounding of cognitive information for a language based cognitive system is presented. The cognitive information of the event occurred at a robot is described with a sentence, stored in a memory, and retrieved contextually. Each sentence is parsed, discriminated with the functional type of it, and analyzed with argument structure for connecting to cognitive information. With the proposed grounding, the cognitive information is encoded to sentence form and stored in sentence memory with object descriptor. Sentences are retrieved for answering questions of human by searching temporal information from the sentence memory and doing spatial reasoning in schematic imagery. An experiment shows the feasibility and efficiency of the spatiotemporal grounding for advanced service robot.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제59권4호
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• pp.155-164
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• 2016

Cognitive impairment associated with childhood-onset epilepsy is an important consequence in the developing brain owing to its negative effects on neurodevelopmental and social outcomes. While the cause of cognitive impairment in epilepsy appears to be multifactorial, epilepsy-related factors such as type of epilepsy and underlying etiology, age at onset, frequency of seizures, duration of epilepsy, and its treatment are considered important. In recent studies, antecedent cognitive impairment before the first recognized seizure and microstructural and functional alteration of the brain at onset of epilepsy suggest the presence of a common neurobiological mechanism between epilepsy and cognitive comorbidity. However, the overall impact of cognitive comorbidity in children with epilepsy and the independent contribution of each of these factors to cognitive impairment have not been clearly delineated. This review article focuses on the significant contributors to cognitive impairment in children with epilepsy.