• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.78-98
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• 2011

이 연구의 목적은 자료해석에 영향을 미치는 학습자 요인으로 인지양식에 주목하고 학습자의 인지양식에 따른 자료해석의 특성을 알아보고자 하는 것이다. 연구대상으로 통합탐구가 가능한 형식적 조작기에 접어드는 초등학교 6학년을 선택하였으며 인지양식 검사를 통해 전체적 인지양식과 분석적 인지양식으로 집단을 분류한 후 과학적 자료해석 과제를 투입하여 이들의 자료해석 활동을 촬영하고, 사후 면담을 실시하여 프로토콜을 생성하였으며, 피험자들이 작성한 자료해석 활동지도 분석에 사용하였다. 연구에 따른 결과를 보면, 첫째, 자료해석에서 학습자들은 자료해석의 초기 상태에서 중간 상태를 거쳐 목표 상태에 이르는 동안 다양한 조작자를 활용한다. 본 연구를 통해서는 자료 확인, 변인 인식, 불확실한 자료의 처리, 수학적 조작, 표지의 사용, 사전지식의 이용, 관계 분석, 패턴 분석, 예상이 분석되었다. 인지 양식에 따라 자료해석의 초기 상태에서 자료를 확인하는 양상에 차이가 있다. 둘째, 초등학생의 인지양식에 따라 자료해석의 방향성과 선호하는 자료의 형태가 특징적으로 나타났다. 전체적 인지양식의 학습자는 일반적인 원리나 과학적 문제에 대한 답을 도출한 후 자료를 통해 세부적인 정보를 분석하는 하향식 접근과 연역적 기술의 특성을 보이며, 분석적 인지양식의 학습자들은 자료의 전체적인 양상에 집중하기보다 제시된 자료의 연속적인 세부 항목과 절차에 따라 정보를 일차적으로 분석하여 기술해 나가는 일차적이고 연대기적 구조를 가진다. 또한 이러한 방식으로 분석해 낸 세부 정보를 바탕으로 귀납적인 방법으로 과학적 문제에 대한 답을 얻는 상향식 접근 방법을 주로 사용한다. 따라서 다양한 교수학습 상황에서 효과적인 학습을 위해서는 학습자들의 인지양식에 대한 이해를 바탕으로 이를 효과적으로 지원하는 교수 설계 전략을 고안하기 위해 노력해야 할 필요가 있다.

• 대한불안의학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.116-122
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• 2007

Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the strategies used to cope with stress and the cognitive characteristics of somatic symptom perception in patients with panic disorder. Methods : A total of 101 patients who met the DSM-IV criteria for panic disorder and 60 normal controls were recruited for participation in this study. We evaluated the subjects using The Way of Stress Coping Questionnaire (SCQ), Somato-Sensory Amplification Scale (SSAS), Symptom Interpretation Questionnaire (SIQ), and the Panic Disorder Severity Scale (PDSS). We analyzed the data using an independent t-test and Pearson correlation analysis (p<0.05). Results : The patients who used emotionally focused coping strategies scored significantly lower on the SCQ. The patients with panic disorder showed greater amplification of body sensations in the SSAS, a significantly higher score on the physical interpretation subset of the SIQ, and a lower score on the environmental interpretation subset of the SIQ than the normal controls. The PDSS scores were positively correlated with the SSAS score and physical interpretation score on the SIQ. Conclusion : These results show that patients with panic disorder have poor emotionally focused strategies for coping with stress, greater amplification of body sensations, and a tendency towards a physical interpretation of somatic symptoms.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제19권11호
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• pp.373-379
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• 2021

본 연구는 블랜디드러닝 융합 사례기반학습이 간호대학생의 학습전략, 비판적 사고성향 및 학업적 자기효능감에 미치는 효과를 규명하기 위해 시도되었다. 단일군 사전-사후 설계로 23명의 간호대학생을 대상으로 하였다. 자료수집은 2021년 3월 2일부터 4월 30까지로 수집된 자료는 SPSS/WIN 23.0을 이용하여 분석하였다. 연구결과 블랜디드러닝융합 사례기반학습 적용 후 학습전략(t=-2.43, p=.019)과 하위요인인 인지전략(t=-2.22, p=.031), 메타전략(t=-2.59, p=.013), 자원관리전략(z=-2.46, p=.014)이 유의하게 증가하였다. 비판적 사고성향(t=-1.14, p=.262)과 학업적 자기효능감(t=-.34, p=.734)은 증가하였으나 통계적으로 유의하지 않았다. 결론적으로 블랜디드러닝 융합 사례기반학습이 간호대학생의 학습전략을 향상시키는 효과적인 교육 프로그램임이 확인되었다. 추후 블랜디드러닝 융합 사례기반 학습이 비판적 사고성향과 학업적 자기 효능감을 향상시킬 수 있는 프로그램 개발 및 효과검증이 필요하다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제9권12호
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• pp.637-646
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• 2009

국 내외 시장의 치열한 경쟁 속에서 국내 지역 경제의 활성화를 위해선 특성화된 산업의 발굴 육성과 더불어 기업의 브랜드 이미지 마케팅과 같은 체계화된 마케팅의 개념으로써, 지역의 아이덴티티 이미지 브랜딩을 구축하는 것은 필수적인 과제이다. 이에 각 지역의 아이덴티티 이미지 브랜드 구축을 위한 전략방안의 기초단계로써 기존 연구들의 기업에서의 브랜드 아이덴티티 창출단계에 따른 켈러(Keller, 1998)의 브랜드 인식에 대한 이미지 측정법의 분류 형태를 기반으로, 국내 소비자들이 인식하고 있는 인지적인 연상을 토대로 지역별 이미지 유형을 위한 4가지 형태로 분류하였다. 또한 지역 이미지에 대한 경험요인에 영향력을 미치는 커뮤니케이션 콘텐츠의 상관관계를 분석하기 위하여 슈미트(Schmitt, 1999)의 5가지 고객체험 유형을 결부시켜 무형의 브랜드 자산 측정요목 5가지를 측정하였다. 결과적으로 본 연구에서는 국내 지역시장이 지역의 내재적 특성을 개성화하여, 차별화된 전략의 개발과 정립으로 시장세분화를 이루고, 지역별 정책의 다양한 커뮤니티의 개발을 활성화하기 위해 소비자들이 인식하고 있는 지역 이미지의 유형과 경험요인의 영향에 의한 유형적 차원을 제시하고자 한다.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.155-173
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• 2018

Chronic postsurgical pain (CPSP) is an unwanted adverse event in any operation. It leads to functional limitations and psychological trauma for patients, and leaves the operative team with feelings of failure and humiliation. Therefore, it is crucial that preventive strategies for CPSP are considered in high-risk operations. Various techniques have been implemented to reduce the risk with variable success. Identifying the risk factors for each patient and applying a timely preventive strategy may help patients avoid the distress of chronic pain. The preventive strategies include modification of the surgical technique, good pain control throughout the perioperative period, and preoperative psychological intervention focusing on the psychosocial and cognitive risk factors. Appropriate management of CPSP patients is also necessary to reduce their suffering. CPSP usually has a neuropathic pain component; therefore, the current recommendations are based on data on chronic neuropathic pain. Hence, voltage-dependent calcium channel antagonists, antidepressants, topical lidocaine and topical capsaicin are the main pharmacological treatments. Paracetamol, NSAIDs and weak opioids can be used according to symptom severity, but strong opioids should be used with great caution and are not recommended. Other drugs that may be helpful are ketamine, clonidine, and intravenous lidocaine infusion. For patients with failed pharmacological treatment, consideration should be given to pain interventions; examples include transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, botulinum toxin injections, pulsed radiofrequency, nerve blocks, nerve ablation, neuromodulation and surgical management. Physical therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy and lifestyle modifications are also useful for relieving the pain and distress experienced by CPSP patients.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.65-70
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• 2013

Many child actors have appeared in various movies as the Korean film industry continues to evolve. As more children appear in violent and raunchy scenes, there are more concerns about the movie's effect on child actors. In some Western countries, many strategies have been developed for child actors, but for the Korean movie industry, the conditions are still poor for them. Although children who enter the concrete operational period are able to think logically and systematically, they are yet limited by their experiences. Adolescents in the formal operational period try to deal with all of the possibilities and assumptions logically and systematically with freedom from realistic contents and experiences. This period is very important because adolescents become more sensitive to others' feelings and they should develop their ego identity. Several studies have reported the indirect experiences through media including how the movie affected children and adolescents negatively. Depending on the individual's morality, judgment and emotional status, these effects were variable and inconsistent and could be relieved by several interventions. We could anticipate much bigger emotional effect on child actors who are acting directly and then are confronting themselves in the scene. Therefore, we suggest that the emotional effects of the movies on child actors can be managed properly by considering children's cognitive ability and emotional status, and establishing protective strategies before they are exposed to problematic scenes. Of course, it should be followed by evaluating them after the exposure and with follow-up management, if necessary.

• 한국학교수학회논문집
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.565-587
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• 2014

자기조절학습전략은 메타인지적, 인지적, 동기적, 행동적인 전략들을 자율적으로 선택하고 적용하여 학습자가 적극적이고 능동적으로 학습에 참여할 수 있도록 돕는 학습전략이다. 본 연구의 목적은 수학저널 쓰기학습에서 자기조절학습전략의 양상은 어떠한가를 살펴보기 위함에 있다. 수학저널은 총 13문항으로 자기조절학습전략의 하위요소별로 1~2문항씩 구성하였다. 연구의 결과 수학저널에서 메타인지전략은 학습 목표 설정, 문제해결전략탐구, 반성적 사고, 예를 들어 설명하기 등으로 표현되었다. 인지전략은 아이디어간의 구조 파악하기, 위계화하기, 핵심 내용 파악하기 등으로 표현되었다. 동기전략은 학습에 대한 만족감과 불안감, 차후 학습에 대한 자신감과 좌절감 등으로 표현되었다. 이는 수학저널 쓰기학습을 통하여 자기조절학습전략이 활용되고 있으며 효율적이고 성공적인 학습을 돕는다는 점에서 수학 교육학적인 시사점이 있다.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.276-286
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• 2002

Purpose: The concept of embarrassment as an unpleasant emotion is important in caring for those who are in the continuum of illness and health requiring body care and facing sexual problems. In spite of its nursing implication, embarrassment has not been focused in nursing research. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to develope a conceptual analysis of embarrassment. This analysis would help to understand comprehensively an embarrassing situation in which an intimate relationship between nurse and patient regarding body care of the patient could develope. Futhermore, it would be a basis for developing strategies for prevention of embarrassment which could lead for both patient and nurse to emotionally vulnerable situation because of their failure of self-presentation (impression management). Method: The concept analysis model suggested by Walker and Avant (1988) is used to clarify what is meant by the term 'embarrassment'. Result: This analysis defines the attributes of embarrassment such as follows. First, embarrassment is often attributed to situational factors interrupting a smooth interaction such as intimacy, confusion, vulnerability, exposure of interaction and characteristics of audience. Second, embarrassment is closely related with cognitive factor such as fear of losing face resulted from a behaviour being out of line. Third, embarrassment is closely associated with dispositional factor such as embarrassability. Fourth, embarrassment is an unpleasant and unwanted emotion arising reactively after an interaction had occurred. Fifth, embarrassment encloses physical, physiological and behavioral aspects such as a variety of unique and easily noticeable reactions and a pattern of verbal and non-verbal behaviour for coping in an embarrassing situation. The antecedents were normally socialized adolescents with normal cognitive ability, concern of losing face, embarrassability, embarrassing events related with situational intimacy, confusion, vulnerability, exposure of interaction and characteristics of audience, physical, behavioral blunders resulting in a failure of impression management. The consequences were an emotional coping behaviour, audience's embarrassment responses, and verbal and non-verbal coping strategies of interactional participants. Conclusion: It is hoped that this analysis will stimulate further exploration of this concept and study for developing systematic assessment and nursing practice that diminishes embarrassment of interactional participants.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제12권10호
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• pp.99-108
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• 2014

Purpose - The goals of this study are the following. First, this study focused on customer satisfaction of in-flight service. Specifically, in-flight duty free items were considered because of their potential value related with the differentiated strategy of airline companies. Second, this study analyzed feasible strategies that would fence off the aversive attitudes of consumers toward innovation regarding in-flight duty free items. Third, this study strived to discover implicit routes related with the reactions of of consumers to innovation. Fourth, the construal level theory was applied to the context of in-flight service. Psychological distance is expected to promote acceptance of innovation for duty free items. Research design, data, and methodology - This study consisted of three experiments. All data were collected through the participation of university students. First, the experiment employed a 2×2 between-subject design. The first independent variable was temporal distance (long vs. short of navigation time). The second independent variable was innovativeness (innovative duty free items vs. typical items). Further, experiment 2 involved a 2×2 between-subject design. The first independent variable was social distance (typical vs. atypical stewardess image). The second was innovativeness that was based on a pattern similar to that of the prior experiment. The third experiment involved a 2×2×2 design. The first and second independent variables were temporal distance and item innovation, respectively, based on the method of experiment 1. The third independent variable was cognitive depletion (depletion vs. control condition). Results - Experiment 1 demonstrated that the innovation of duty free items would need to consider the journey time of the airline. Specifically, innovative items were preferred in case of a long journey; typical items, however, were liked in a short journey. Further, experiment 2 demonstrated that, in spite of a short journey, innovative items would be preferred if an atypical stewardess was serving. An atypical stewardess was linked with social distance, and the psychological effects would activate a creative and flexible mindset that would fit with innovative duty free items. The final experiment was accomplished for the examination of cognitive processing of psychological distance on innovation-acceptance. Specifically, if the effects were related with systematic processing, then cognitive effort would be needed. In contrast, if they were related with heuristic processing, then such efforts would not be required. The same pattern appeared under both cognitive depletion and control condition; therefore, the effects of psychological distance were implied to be heuristic processing. Conclusions - Managers need to consider the navigation time, stewardess concepts, and depletion of consumers as important factors for innovative strategy regarding in-flight service. Longer journeys are more successful for innovative trials. Further, a more atypical stewardess image is more successful for atypical service. Long navigation and unfamiliar stewardesses may activate creative and flexible thinking. Further, cognitive depletion of consumers is not a dominant factor of psychological distance effects, because the effects are not related with systematic processing, but with heuristic processing.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.61-76
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to apply the instructional strategies for conceptual change prescribed by Posner et al(1982) to the astronomic content domain taught in the elementary and middle school and to analyze the characteristics of students' knowledge revealed in the test before, during and after the instruction. Also, it was to investigate the intercorrelation of cognitive levels, spatial ability and science achievement. The major findings of this study are as follows: 1. Students had a great variety of misconceptions related to the motion of the moon before the instruction, that is, the phases, the names of phases and the cause of changing phases by the moon's orbit about the earth, the moon's appearance and location at the given time, the relative positions of earth, moon and sun during a lunar eclipse, the cause that a full moon is not at the line of node once a month. In the analysis of students' responses concerning the cause of changing phases of the moon and a lunar eclipse, the results indicate that the great majority of students had rote learning rather than meaningful learning in the middle school. 2. Students' reponses during the instruction concerning the changing phases of the moon and the predictive knowledge about the motions of the earth and the moon were analyzed. 1) According to the results of the test given before and after experiment, after discussion, achievement score of the whole of subjects and groups in both preformal and formal cognitive levels appeared to increase linearly. 2) There was no statistically significant differences of achievement scores before and after experiment, after discussion between preformal group and formal group in cognitive levels. 3. Distribution of achievement scores according to the whole of subjects and groups in preformal and formal cognitive levels shows that there was a statistically significant difference between pretest and posttest. 4. Types of conceptual changes concerning the cause of changing phases of the moon that occurred from pretest to posttest were classified as accommodation, incomplete accommodation, assimilation, no change and no model. Six of the seven students starting instruction with alternative frameworks didn't sustain those alternative models throughout instruction. Five of these six students accommodated completely and the last one partially. Seventy-nine percentage of students taking instruction with fragmental models assimilated correct propositions at the end of the instruction. These results suggest that conceptual change model prescribed by Posner et al(1982) has promised the meaningful learning to students taking with fragmental models, especially in cases where students with misconception enter instruction. 5. High correlation between achievement score of simple-recall items and that of written items in pretest and posttest indicates that the higher students got the score in simple-recall items the better they also performed in written items. However, there was no statistically significant differences among cognitive levels, spatial ability and science achievement in the whole of subjects and groups according to the cognitive levels.