• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.314-325
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• 2010

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of pet dog-assisted activities on self-esteem, depression and cognitive function of elderly people Method: The experimental group(pet dog-assisted group) consisted of 22 people over 65 years old out of about 90 elderly people registered with a home for the aged and the control group(non-pet dog assisted group) consisted of 22 people over 65 years old out of about 90 elderly people registered with another home for the aged in Daegu. Both groups had similar general characteristics, state of health, conduct on health and self-esteem, depression and cognitive abilities. Nineteen people who participated in the program at least 10 times out of 12, were chosen for the final analysis from the experimental group. For the control group, 20 people who responded to all three tests, which had been conducted before, 1 week after, and four week after the experiment, were analyzed. Result: Mean(${\pm}SD$) differences between before and 1 week after the experiment for self-esteem, depression, and cognitive function were 5.84(${\pm}3.06$), -3.26(${\pm}1.76$), 1.47(${\pm}1.26$), respectively. Those between before the experiment and 4 weeks after the experiment was 5.68(${\pm}3.64$), -3.94(${\pm}2.32$), 1.63(${\pm}0.96$), respectively. Those for control group between before and after the experiment were -0.40(${\pm}1.27$), 0.00(${\pm}0.92$), 0.15(${\pm}0.93$), respectively. Those for control group between before and 4 weeks after the experiment were -0.45(${\pm}2.24$), 0.25(${\pm}1.68$), 0.15(${\pm}0.93$), respectively. All the differences between experiment and control group in mean differences between before and 1 week after experiment, between before and 4 weeks after experiment were statistically significant(p<0.05). Conclusion: This study suggests that the pet-assisted activities can be useful solution for elderly people who have psychological and emotional problems caused by retrogression of physical, mental and social ability.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.308-321
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• 2001

Behavior modification is an approach to decrease degree of obesity through changing maladaptive eating habit and life style. It produces small amount of weight loss but it has few side effects and low dropout rate. It also has great effectiveness on maintenance of decreased weight. This study was performed to investigate effects of behavior modification on physical variables, fat and thin habit, and self-esteem in obese elementary school children. Sixty two students of 4th, 5th, and 6th grade were selected from two elementary schools located in the suburbs of Seoul. Thirty four children in one school were assigned to experimental group and twenty eight children in another school were assigned to control group. All subjects were healthy and were not on any type of obesity control. Behavior modification, in this study, was consisted of introduction, self-monitoring and stimuli control, education about diet and physical activities, individual counseling and reinforcement, requesting personal assistance, cognitive restructuring, and closing and long-term planning. Experimental group was received 60～70 minutes of behavior modification once a week for 8 weeks from October 16 to December 22, 2000. Control group was not received any intervention. Data were collected before and after intervention by measuring physical variables, fat and thin habit, and self-esteem. Physical variables consisted of obesity index, skinfold thickness, body fat(percentage of body fat, fat mass, fat free mass), serum lipids(total cholesterol, HDL-C, LDL-C, triglyceride) and serum leptin. The results were as follows ; 1. physical variables 1) Obesity index of the experimental group was significantly decreased after behavior modification. But there was no significant difference between two groups. 2) The increase of skinfold thickness was significantly low in the experimental group compared to the control group. 3) Percentage of body fat and fat mass were significantly decreased in the experimental group. Fat free mass was significantly increased in the experimental group. 4) Total cholesterol, HDL-C, triglyceride and serum leptin between the experimental group and control group showed no significant difference. LDL-C was significantly decreased in the control group. 2. Thin habit score was significantly increased in the experimental group. In subcategories of habit, thin scores of life style, attitude, social relationship, nutrition were signifi- cantly increased in the experimental group. 3. Self-esteem score was significantly increased in the experimental group. These results indicate that behavior modification is effective in decreasing percentage of body fat and fat mass, in less increasing skinfold thickness and in increasing fat free mass, thin habit, and self-esteem. In conclusion, behavior modification can be used as safe and effective strategy for managing obesity in elementary school children.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.203-234
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• 2013

This study was performed to clarify 'jajonshim' which is different from self-esteem in its social representation and concept in Korean society. In order to refine the notion of 'jajonshim', we first referred to literature and short essay on jajonshim and analyzed its cultural meaning and social representation in Korea. As a result, jajonshim was considered necessary condition for human beings in Korean culture. Although jajonshim was not well recognized normally, it became critical when it was threatened by others and considered to be what one must save as well. Furthermore, the ground theory designed by Strauss and Corbin was utilized in order to analyze Korean interviewees' experience of jajonshim. Koreans believed that their jajonshim was injured when others disrespected their values, which consequently produced negative emotions. When their jajonshim was damaged, people also used 3 coping strategies to recover it. Based on the results, jajonshim was distinguished from self-esteem. First, jajonshim is a type of self-awareness people experience when they are disrespected; thus, it is different from self-esteem which is maintained stable regardless of any events or situations. Second, unlike self-esteem which is solely evaluated by oneself, jajonshim is evaluated by other people's point of view. This study shows that jajonshim exists in the context of Korean culture and has significance in clarifying the cognitive structure and experience process of jajonshim.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.10
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• pp.1-31
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• 2002

As the modern society is called the narcissistic society, the narcissism is widespread in the personality of individuals and the society at large. In consideration of this side, this study explored for several characteristics of the narcissistic personality and the job stress, and explored for the relationships between the two things theoretically. The narcissism is an attempt to repair self-esteem weakened by the splitting anxiety, the lack and the pathological fusion of self-structure. The job stress is a factor that a characteristic of the job influenced on the behavioral and affective response of the person on the job directly or indirectly. This study selected organizational justices, organizational constraints, role conflict, role ambiguity, role overload, organizational climate, interpersonal relations and career development as factors of the job stress. This study viewed that the stress is made from an interaction between environmental stimulus and personal particular reaction by defining the stress as an interaction model of stimulus-response and personal reaction is caused by psychological adjustment process, personal differences. On this occasion, this study discussed that the narcissistic personality is easy to get stress and weak in the job stress with regarding the personality as a mediation variation of psychological process. As a result, the narcissists estimated themselves positively and their self-esteem is high, but they excessively showed a self biased cognitive and affective response about the negative feedback to protect themselves. Moreover, this positive estimate on themselves and high self-esteem was vulnerable and weak in the self threat. In this view, the narcissistic personality is easy to get more job stress such as organizational justices, organizational constraints, role conflict, role ambiguity, role overload, organizational climate, interpersonal relations and career development.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.451-460
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate effects of a health education program based on social cognitive theory on university students with risk factors for metabolic syndrome. Methods: A nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design was used. Participants were 88 students who had at least 2 risk factors for Metabolic Syndrome (47 students for the experimental and 41 for the control group). The health education program consisted of thirteen sessions. Knowledge regarding smoking and alcohol drinking, self-efficacy and self-esteem were evaluated. t-test, $x^2$-test, Fisher's exact test, and paired t-test were conducted to analyze the data. SPSS/WIN 19.0 Statistics program was used. Results: There was a statistically significant increase in self-efficacy in the experimental group compared to the control group. No significant changes in knowledge and self-esteem were found. Conclusion: The results suggest that the health education program for university students was partially effective. Further work is required to develop more effective health education programs.

• Korean Journal of Child Education & Care
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.159-173
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• 2018

Objective: The main purpose of this study was examine the relationships among goodness of fit between mother and child, child's self-esteem and quality of home environment. Also, the moderating effects of quality of home environment among preschoolers were investigated in the relation of interest in this study. Methods: The study subjects were 195 children who attended preschools, located in Seoul. The preschoolers' self-esteem was tested by the trained researcher, and both of levels of goodness of fit between the mother-child and quality of home environment were rated by the mothers of this study. Results: The main results of this study found that levels of preschoolers' self-esteem were positively related to goodness of fit between the mother-child, and quality of home environment. Furthermore, the effects of goodness of fit between mother-child on preschoolers' cognitive, physical, and emotional self-esteem were moderated by the quality of home environment. Conclusion/Implications: Along with those findings, implications for research and practice were discussed.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.77-87
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• 2012

This study is a descriptive paper addressing the relationship between test anxiety, self-esteem and the mental health levels of freshmen and third year students of Dental Hygienics. In late 2011, we received a total of 298 questionnaires from freshmen and third year Dental Hygienics students of three South Korean universities, located specifically in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do. The timing of this questionnaire was significant because it was one week prior to midterm examinations. The results were as follows:1. There was a statistically significant relationship between age (t=3.017, p<.001) and grade(t=2.665, p<0.05), subjective health status(t=27.513, p<.001). 2. The lower the participants' reported mental health in general, the higher their level of test anxiety (r=.565, p<.001), broken down into two subdivisions: cognitive text anxiety (r=526, p<.001) and emotional test anxiety (r=.534, p<.001). 3. When considering the factors that influence the general mental health of participants, there were age differences. For first year students, their subjeetive health status (${\ss}$=-.300, p<.001) and test anxiety (${\ss}$=.530, p<.001) were significant. For third year students, this was also true (subjective mental condition: ${\ss}$=-.242, p<.001 and test anxiety: ${\ss}$=.350, p<.001) but self-worth was also significant (${\ss}$=.377, p<.001). The results of this study suggest that the key factors that influence the mental health level of students Dental Hygienics are test anxiety, subjective appraisal of health level, and general self-worth. A systematic approach is therefore needed to improve students' mental health and reduce test anxiety. Health management programs which address and test students' physical health will also be important in improving student performance and welfare.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.304-314
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• 2020

This cross-sectional descriptive study investigated the influence of romantic relationships' characteristics, self-esteem and sexual autonomy on limerence in dating relationships among female college students who had or were currently engaged in a dating relationship. The data was collected through self-reported structured questionnaires from 167 female Korean college students using convenient sampling methods from November 25, 2012 to December 20, 2012. The data was analyzed using t-tests, one-way analyses of variance, Scheffe's test, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and multiple linear regression analysis with the IBM SPSS 23.0 program. The results showed that a significant difference was found in limerence according to the frequency of experiencing romantic breakup (F=4.16, p=.003), and limerence in dating relationships was negatively correlated with self-esteem (r=-.31, p<.001) and sexual autonomy (r=-.21, p=.006). Self-esteem and the frequency of romantic breakups explained 20% of limerence in dating relationships among the participants (F=8.03, p<.001). Therefore, as a strategy to solve the problems related to limerence during the period of dating, cognitive and educational interventions are needed to strengthen the self-esteem and sexual autonomy of college students who have had a high number of separations. In addition, early screening of college students with risk factors for limerence and providing problem-solving based counseling will help improve their psychological health.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.168-173
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• 2017

Objectives: Adolescent depression is a complex disorder influenced by a variety of personal and familial factors. In this study, we compared the familial, cognitive, and behavioral characteristics of adolescents with and without diagnosed depression. Methods: Forty adolescents with depressive disorder were recruited from two psychiatric clinics, along with 46 healthy adolescents from a middle school and a high school. We then compared the participants' cognitive and behavioral characteristics and the child-rearing attitudes of their parents. Results: Compared to the healthy adolescents, the adolescents with depression exhibited lower self-esteem, higher emotional reappraisal, greater disruptive behavior, and lower attention. Furthermore, compared to the mothers of the healthy adolescents, the mothers of those with depression reported less affective, less autonomic, and more rejecting parenting attitudes towards their children. Conclusion: We found that attentional problems, negative parenting attitudes, negative self-cognition, and expressive suppression are all associated with adolescent depression. Parenting education and interventions appear to be needed to correct the negative cognitions of adolescents with depression.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.10
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• pp.6895-6904
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationships between fear of negative evaluation, cognitive emotion regulation and field adaptation of new graduate nurses and the possible moderating effect of cognitive emotion regulation. The participants of this study were 181 new graduate nurses who have worked for less than 1 year at a hospital, data was collected by using self-report questionaires. The results of this study were fear of negative evaluation score 3.25, cognitive emotion regulation score 3.18 and field adaptation score 2.92. Fear of negative evaluation had a positive correlation with maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation, and a negative correlation with field adaptation, and did not have on moderating effect. As this results, it strengthen field adaptation for new graduate nurses in a new circumstance through self-esteem enhancement programs. It is also required to manage by using an adaptive cognitive emotion regualtion.