• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.26 no.8
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• pp.1158-1164
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• 2022

In this study, the emotional reaction process and the cognitive reaction process were divided into the process of building trust in order to form a continuous use intention in the process of using the mobile simple payment system. We examined the process by which various external factors generate continuous use intentions, that is, behavioral responses through the process of each reaction. External factors were divided into social factors, systemic factors, and social factors. Among them, system factors were social norms and images, and systemic factors were simplicity and accessibility. And the social factors consisted of security and compatibility. And the emotional response was set as pleasure and emotional trust, the cognitive response was cognitive trust, and the final dependent variable was set as continuous use intention. A survey was conducted for model analysis, and the analysis results were derived using PLS.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.626-636
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• 2015

This paper proposes an adaptive multimodal in-vehicle information system for safe driving. The proposed system filters input information based on both the priority assigned to the information and the given driving situation, to effectively manage input information and intelligently provide information to the driver. It then interacts with the driver using an adaptive multimodal interface by considering both the driving workload and the driver's cognitive reaction to the information it provides. It is shown experimentally that the proposed system can promote driver safety and enhance a driver's understanding of the information it provides by filtering the input information. In addition, the system can reduce a driver's workload by selecting an appropriate modality and corresponding level with which to communicate. An analysis of subjective questionnaires regarding the proposed system reveals that more than 85% of the respondents are satisfied with it. The proposed system is expected to provide prioritized information through an easily understood modality.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.24 no.10
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• pp.131-136
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• 2007

In this paper, we estimated the effects of different color stimulation on the cognitive function of human quantitatively. For the stimulations we used color lights with 6 color filters such as red, yellow, green, blue, violet and white. The experiment was performed in a soundproof chamber. 50 young male and female subjects were participated in the experiment. To find the appropriate color cognitive function, the endogenous visuospatial attention task(EVAT) and one back working memory task(OWMT) were performed. The reaction time and accuracy degree were measured. The results showed that the reaction time of EVAT was the fastest and the accuracy degree of attention task was the highest in green environment. The reaction time of OWMT was the fastest in yellow and the accuracy degree of memory task was the highest in blue. For physiological parameters, we measured electrocardiogram(ECG) and HRV spectrum analysis, HF/LF color environment. These results can be used as an indicator in the design of color environment and clinical applications.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.596-611
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• 2004

Based on conceptual change theory, cognitive conflict is known as an important factor for conceptual change even though there are still questions about its positive and negative effects on science learning. However there are little research which propose types of meaningful(constructive) cognitive conflict in learning science. The purpose of this study is to find out how are the anxiety types of cognitive conflict to which high school students respond in the action-reaction task, and to reveal what's the characteristic of the explanatory hypothesis according to the anxiety types. The result of this study indicated that first, the characteristics of the anxiety types of the cognitive conflict were classified as eight types. Especially the students who belong to the types of conviction of logical misconception and reasonable modification suggested explanatory hypothesis close to physical nature. On the other hand, the students who showed other types of anxiety except the two types of anxiety suggested temporary supported hypothesis or simple explanatory hypothesis based on students' observation and intuition. Finally we discussed the importance and the implication of the types of anxiety in applying the cognitive conflict strategy to science instruction.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.687-708
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationships between cognitive conflict and students' causal attributions and to find out what kinds of attributions affect successful resolution of cognitive conflict in learning physics. Twenty-nine college students who attended a base general physics course took an attribution test and a conceptual pretest related to action and reaction concept. Of these, twenty students who revealed alternative conceptions were selected. They were confronted with a discrepant demonstration and took part in the cognitive conflict level test, a posttest, and delayed posttest. Those students who experienced high levels of cognitive conflict were selected and interviewed to find out what kinds of attributions affect resolving the conflict. When confronted with the discrepant event, the students who attributed success outcomes to "effort" experienced higher levels of cognitive conflict than those to "task difficulty." However, those students who revealed high levels of cognitive conflict and attributed success outcomes to effort did not always produce conceptual change. They had different perspectives on effort and conducted different effort activities to resolve the cognitive conflict. In addition, these effort activities appeared to include their motivational beliefs, metacognitive and volitional strategies. The results of this study indicate that in order for the conflicts to lead to change, students need to have the perspective on effort implying the use of the self-regulated learning strategy and to conduct effort activities based on them. Beyond cold conceptual change, this article suggests that there is a management strategy of cognitive conflict in the classroom context.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.354-365
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to understand the undergraduate students' response characteristics by their cognitive conflict levels and result predictions when they were confronted with the learning tasks of action & reaction and electric circuits. The 147 engineering college students who were enrolled at the introductory physics classes were selected as the subjects for this study. The students were grouped by cognitive levels and result predictions. First, in action and reaction task, the trend of suspecting experimental results and finding the reasons was dominant; however, in electric circuits, the trend of accepting the results was dominant. Second, the reasons for the responses on the subcategories of cognitive conflict were different by the level of cognitive conflict. The responses were influenced by students' preexisting knowledge, former experiences, learning habits, learning motivation, and epistemological beliefs, etc. The high conflict group recognized what they do not consider and was positive to reappraise their preconceptions, while the low conflict group showed the tendency of accepting the situation without doubt and low interest on learning physics. In conclusion, students responses showed differences in cognitive conflict levels, result predictions and presented conflict tasks. The research results, especially the response characteristics, suggest that more research on effective cognitive conflict strategies appropriate for different tasks and students' conflicts are necessary for effective physics teaching.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.556-561
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• 2008

ChongMyeong-Tang (CMT) have been used clinically to treat patient with amnesia and dementia. In addition, CMT have been also used for examinee to improve learning ability in Korea. This study was designed to investigate the effects of Gagam-ChongMeong-Tang (GCMT) on cognitive dysfunction recovery after ischemic brain injury in rats. Rats were divided into three groups; (1) normal, (2) commercial diet after ischemic brain injury (control), (3) CMT diet after ischemic brain injury (experiment). In our study, we carried out Morris water maze test for cognitive motor behavior test and immunohistochemistry study through the change BDNF in the hippocampus($7^{th},\;14^{th}\;day$). In Morris water maze test, cognitive motor function recovery was significantly increased in the experiment group as compared with control group on $7^{th}\;and\;14^{th}\;day$ day (p<0.01). In immunohistochemistric response of BDNF in the hippocampus, more immune reaction was investigated in the experiment group as compared with control group on $7^{th}\;and\;14^{th}\;day$. Especially more immune reaction was experimented $14^{th}$ day. These results imply that GCMT can play a role in facilitating recovery of cognitive function after ischemic brain injury in rats.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.34 no.11
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• pp.67-74
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• 2018

With the rapid increase in the elderly population, numerous problems arise related to the decreased cognitive function such as the declines of reaction time and concentration which are both resulting from ageing. Recently, ICT-based smart home and other residential services are being developed as a means of complementing human cognitive functions, but the elderly, who are in most cases digital-illiterate, find it hard to utilize these tools actively and if so it usually takes longer time and endeavor for the elderly to be familiarized with ICT devices. In this context, this study suggests a configuration of the holographic system in houses that complement the cognitive function of the elderly with the consideration of the interaction with the vision which is a critical function in the cognitive process. The method of this study consists of a literature review on topics including the characteristics of the cognitive function among the elderly, holographic technology and residential services; a configuration of residential services for different space types, depending on the aspects of the cognitive function among the elderly; and finally a suggestion of a holographic system configuration and application depending on various scenarios.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.21 no.47
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• pp.57-68
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• 1998

Work environments have been changed with the advent of new technologies, such as computer technology. However, human cognitive limits can't pace up with the change of work environment. Designing human-computer system requires knowledge and evaluation of the human cognitive processes which control information flow workload. Futhermore, under limited reaction time and/or urgent situation, human operator may the work stress, work error and resultant deleterious work environment. This paper evaluate the visual factors of major information processing factors(information density, amount of information, operational speed of speed)on operator performance of supervisory control under urgent(limited reaction time)environments which require deleterious work condition. To describe the work performance int the urgent work situations with time stress and dynamic event occurrence, a new concept of information density was introduced. For a series of experiments performed for this study, three independent variables(information amount, system proceeding speed, information density) were evaluated using five dependent variables. The result of statistical analyses indicate that the amount of information affected on all of five dependent measure. Number of failure and number of secondary task score were influenced by both amount of information and operational speed of system. However reaction time of secondary task were affected by both amount of information and information density. As a result, the deleterious factors for the performances seemed to be a scanning time to supervise each control panel. Consequently, a new display panel was suggest to reduce operator work load for scanning task showing better operator performance.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.65 no.5
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• pp.74-87
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• 2015

It is common for popular products to sell out, and be out of stock. The purpose of this study is to examine the responses of consumers who have experiences of shopping online, and finding their desired products unavailable from being sold out. In order to carry out the study, in-depth interviews were conducted with ten recruits who were recruited from the Internet community, Soul Dresser, which is part of the Korean web portal, Daum. First, the cognitive reaction of the interviewees showed both positive and negative responses when they found out that their desired product was sold out. However, in the case of emotional reaction, all of them showed negative reactions. Observations showed that consumers researched and found similar products including price when they realized that their desired products were not going to be re-stocked. And in cases of similar products not being available, the consumers looked to buy other types of products such as bags, shoes, and other accessories.