• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.38A no.11
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• pp.938-943
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• 2013

In this paper, we propose a transmission parameter optimization scheme based on genetic algorithm for dynamic spectrum access systems. Specifically, we represent a multiple objective fitness function as a weighted sum of single objective fitness functions to optimize transmission parameters, and then, obtain optimized transmission parameters based on genetic algorithm for given transmission scenarios. From numerical results, we confirm that the transmission parameters are well optimized by using the proposed optimization scheme.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.54 no.6
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• pp.241-245
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• 2011

Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a genetic multisystem disorder that results from mutations in the TSC1 or TSC2 genes, and is associated with hamartomas in several organs, including subependymal giant cell tumors. The neurological manifestations of TSC are particularly challenging and include infantile spasms, intractable epilepsy, cognitive disabilities, and autism. The TSC1- and TSC2-encoded proteins modulate cell function via the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling cascade, and are key factors in the regulation of cell growth and proliferation. The mTOR pathway provides an intersection for an intricate network of protein cascades that respond to cellular nutrition, energy levels, and growth factor stimulation. In the brain, TSC1 and TSC2 have been implicated in cell body size, dendritic arborization, axonal outgrowth and targeting, neuronal migration, cortical lamination, and spine formation. The mTOR pathway represents a logical candidate for drug targeting, because mTOR regulates multiple cellular functions that may contribute to epileptogenesis, including protein synthesis, cell growth and proliferation, and synaptic plasticity. Antagonism of the mTOR pathway with rapamycin and related compounds may provide new therapeutic options for TSC patients.

• School Mathematics
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.483-512
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• 1999

The purpose of the research was to investigate the patterns of student's mathematical thinking and behavior and describe the nature of difficulties the student underwent in trigonometry as the student conducted independent explorations within the interactive technology environment. Also, the research identified the connections among multiple representations and merits and shortcomings in using a graphic calculator as a tool. A take-based clinical interview procedure as the method for qualitative research was used to find the cognitive actions of the participant and his interactions with the graphic calculator. A case study report was written for the student. The researcher found that the student moved from operative stage, to constructive stage, to applicable stage of thinking. From Colgan; Graphing has significance both to mathematics and mathematics education in at least three ways since: * graphing represents an important technique, instrument and process in mathematics; * through ‘graphing’, per se, students can be said to be using one symbolic system to extend and acquire an understanding of another(e. g., trigonometric functions and their graphs). * graphing is propaedeutic to other, more advanced topics and concepts in mathematics.

• The Journal of Korea Robotics Society
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.158-162
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• 2006

This paper presents a speaker recognition system intended for use in human-robot interaction. The proposed speaker recognition system can achieve significantly high performance in the Ubiquitous Robot Companion (URC) environment. The URC concept is a scenario in which a robot is connected to a server through a broadband connection allowing functions to be performed on the server side, thereby minimizing the stand-alone function significantly and reducing the robot client cost. Instead of giving a robot (client) on-board cognitive capabilities, the sensing and processing work are outsourced to a central computer (server) connected to the high-speed Internet, with only the moving capability provided by the robot. Our aim is to enhance human-robot interaction by increasing the performance of speaker recognition with multiple microphones on the robot side in adverse distant-talking environments. Our speaker recognizer provides the URC project with a basic interface for human-robot interaction.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.159-166
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• 2005

Human reliability assessment (HRA) is conducted on the unspoken premise that 'human error' is a meaningful concept and that it can be associated with individual actions. The basis for this assumption it found in the origin of HRA, as a necessary extension of PSA to account for the impact of failures emanating from human actions. Although it was natural to model HRA on PSA, a large number of studies have shown that the premises are wrong, specifically that human and technological functions cannot be decomposed in the same manner. The general experience from accident studies also indicates that action failures are a function of the context, and that it is the variability of the context rather than the 'human error probability' that is the much sought for signal. Accepting this will have significant consequences for the way in which HRA, and ultimately also PSA, should be pursued.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.9-22
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• 2009

This paper first presents the author's personal view on the importance of modeling in scientific research in general, and then describes two of his works toward modeling certain aspects of human speech communication. The first work is concerned with the physiological and physical mechanisms of controlling the voice fundamental frequency of speech, which is an important parameter for expressing information on tone, accent, and intonation. The second work is concerned with the cognitive processes involved in a discrimination test of speech stimuli, which gives rise to the phenomenon of so-called categorical perception. They are meant to illustrate the power of models based on deep understanding and precise formulation of the functions of the mechanisms/processes that underlie observed phenomena. Finally, it also presents the author's view on some models that are yet to be developed.

• BMB Reports
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• v.42 no.8
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• pp.467-474
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• 2009

The modification of proteins by reversible phosphorylation is a key mechanism in the regulation of various physiological functions. Abnormal protein kinase or phosphatase activity can cause disease by altering the phosphorylation of critical proteins in normal cellular and disease processes. Alzheimer' disease (AD), typically occurring in the elderly, is an irreversible, progressive brain disorder characterized by memory loss and cognitive decline. Accumulating evidence suggests that protein kinase and phosphatase activity are altered in the brain tissue of AD patients. Tau is a highly recognized phosphoprotein that undergoes hyperphosphorylation to form neurofibrillary tangles, a neuropathlogical hallmark with amyloid plaques in AD brains. This study is a brief overview of the altered protein phosphorylation pathways found in AD. Understanding the molecular mechanisms by which the activities of protein kinases and phosphatases are altered as well as the phosphorylation events in AD can potentially reveal novel insights into the role aberrant phosphorylation plays in the pathogenesis of AD, providing support for protein phosphorylation as a potential treatment strategy for AD.

• Education of Primary School Mathematics
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.89-101
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• 1999

The reform movements of current mathematics education have based on several major ideas, in order to provide a new vision of the teaching and loaming of mathematics. Of the ideas, the motto of communication of mathematics appears to be a significant factor to change teaching practices in mathematics classroom. Through Vygotsky's sociocultural theory, the psychological background is presented for both supporting the motto and extracting important suggestions of the reform of mathematics education. The development of higher mental functions is explained by internalization, semiotic mediation, and the zone of proximal development. Above all, emphasis is put on the concepts of scaffolding and inter subjectivity related to the zone of proximal development. Seven implications are proposed by Vygotsky's sociocultural theory for the new forms of the teaching and learning of mathematics.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.96-100
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• 2020

Soundtrack dissonance, which appears in the background music of a movie scene, is a phenomenon of using songs or compositions that contrast with the general sentiment of the situation. A sad scene usually uses a slow tempo of sad music to match the mood of the scene. However, sometimes, in order to play background music that follows a depressing, sad, or anxious scene, there is a case of inserting music with an opposite atmosphere such as bright music, exciting music, fast-tempo music, or magnificent music. The method of presenting music that is contrary to the mood of the scene is a kind of psychological technique that inflicts a kind of mental shock on the audience and makes them remember a particular situation. In this study, we have investigated the meaning coming from scenes and Soundtrack Dissonance in movies, in order to understand the role that music and images play.

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.75-82
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• 2021

Speech and language functions are highly cognitive and human-specific features. The underlying causes of normal speech and language function are believed to reside in the human brain. Developmental persistent stuttering, a speech and language disorder, has been regarded as the most challenging disorder in determining genetic causes because of the high percentage of spontaneous recovery in stutters. This mysterious characteristic hinders speech pathologists from discriminating recovered stutters from completely normal individuals. Over the last several decades, several genetic approaches have been used to identify the genetic causes of stuttering, and remarkable progress has been made in genome-wide linkage analysis followed by gene sequencing. So far, four genes, namely GNPTAB, GNPTG, NAGPA, and AP4E1, are known to cause stuttering. Furthermore, thegeneration of mouse models of stuttering and morphometry analysis has created new ways for researchers to identify brain regions that participate in human speech function and to understand the neuropathology of stuttering. In this review, we aimed to investigate previous progress, challenges, and future perspectives in understanding the genetics and neuropathology underlying persistent developmental stuttering.