• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.5 no.1 s.15
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• pp.53-61
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• 2005

The purpose of this study presents useful data on the choice or development of floor covering from slip viewpoint by examining closely the impact of the changes in sliding experiments due to the wear of floor covering by walk. The result of wear practical test per ten thousand walks enforces some kind of popular floor covering and measure of coefficient of slip resistance as follows: (1) When surface of floor covering is in the state of wet, the degree of wear doesn't affect greatly in slip. (2) When surface of floor covering is in dry and clean state, most floor coverings have the tendency to lower the coefficient of slip resistance with the amount of walk on it. (3) Change in the tendency of slip resistance by wear appeared mainly due to the differences in the state of floor covering and organic floor covering appeared to have great reduction of coefficient of slip resistance than the inorganic ones. (4) According to the result of investigation on changes in tendency of coefficient of slip resistance due to the increase in the number of walk and if two hundred thousand walks were done, regardless of surface shape or kind of site, etc, the safety of floor covering, in slip viewpoint, greatly reduces.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.185-189
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• 2012

While there is no standards on slip risk for contaminants on surface, glycerol is described in standard contaminant for measuring coefficient of friction(COF) and slip resistance such as ISO 13287. But that is just used to measure the slip resistance of surface materials and shoes not to evaluate the contaminant materials. Therefore the objective of this study was to find out the relationship between standard contaminant and the contaminants used usually at the workplaces. For this, some measurement criteria were acquired from the analysis based on biomechanics and kinetics of human gait during slips. The slip resistance according to viscosity of the contaminants was measured applying the criteria and slip probability was determined by the gait analysis. Some factors which should be considered when measuring the slip resistance were identified. The velocity, acceleration, contact time and contact pressure should be 1 m/sec, 10 $m/sec^2$, 350 kPa and less than 0.5sec respectively. The variation of viscosity according to temperature for working oils was different from that of standard contaminant. The static coefficient of friction (SCOF) of working oils was almost 0.5 times as large as the SCOF of standard contaminant. So it was assumed to be difficult to compare the contaminants at the workplaces with the glycerol as a standard contaminant for estimating the slip risk.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.114-122
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• 2007

In high strength bolted joints, the corrosion of base material causes the reduction of slip resistance of the joints. In this study, tensile tests on slip-critical joints utilizing Zn/Al metal spraying corrosion resistance method were carried out in order to prevent the corrosion and meet the required mechanical characteristics of joints. In addition, slip coefficient and surface roughness were calculated. The key parameters were surface finishing condition and thickness of coating with the identical geometry in all specimens. From the results, it is found that the slip coefficient of the joints with coated finish after sand blast treatment as well as those of non-coated joints with only sand blast treatment were similar or superior to 0.45, which is a specification criteria of slip coefficient in friction-typed joints.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.133-141
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• 2015

The floor slipperiness is an essential property for the pedestrian safety. This study was conducted to develop the slip test apparatus to be well accorded with actual characteristics of human gait; and the correlation between RCOF (Required coefficient of friction), Rz (Surface roughness), and 3 coefficients of slip resistance (C.S.R (Coefficient of slip resistance), BPN (British pendulum number), and SCOF (Static coefficient of friction)) were analyzed. Result of the analysis revealed that the cadence, stride length, and step length were proportional to the walking speed, and the significant correlation between walking speed and RCOF was found. However, the correlation between RCOF and the other respective coefficients of slip resistance was almost unidentified thus it would be difficult to identify the actual property of floor slipperiness with the RCOF alone.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.179-184
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• 2012

This study was performed to find out the measurement criteria of slip resistance from analysis of human gait and slips. Many kinds of slip resistance testers were developed based on mechanical friction testers. But, there are, as yet, no unambiguous slip resistance measurement methodologies and generally accepted safety criteria or safety thresholds for estimating slipping hazard exposures. Also, there are variety of measuring conditions between those testers. The measurement criteria should be tested within the range of human slipping conditions observed in biomechanical studies. It's results should clearly consider whether the devices reflect the human slipping conditions. In this study a dragsled type friction tester, which was constructed in accordance with ISO 15133 basically, was used. Test conditions were set in order to determine the range of measurement criteria. It is shown that drag velocity should be more than 1 m/s, acceleration be more than 10 $m/s^2$, contact time be less than 0.1sec, and contact pressure be within 350~400 kPa.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2016.05a
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• pp.83-84
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• 2016

For the slip resistance test of shower room floor, the "O-Y Pull Slip Meter method (O-Y·PSM)" regulated under KS M 3510. This test method uses cooking oil as a substitute of soapy water, and thus it does not reflect the real condition. In this study, on 10 types of floor material samples, the Coefficient of Slip Resistance Bath (CSR·B) on bare foot between 10 types of body wash solution and 6 types of SDS solution was compared. The body wash solution is a mixture of soap and water in 1:20 ratio. As a result, SDS 0.1% solution was the most suitable for a substitute of soapy water in shower.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2009.05b
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• pp.219-223
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• 2009

This paper is the result of investigation of ONO PPSM(ONO PORTABLE SLIP METER) by way of experiment to see the validity as a slip meter, ONO PPSM is a portable slip meter which was made up for the weak points of O-Y PSM(ONO-YOSHIOKA PULL SLIP METER) which takes an accurate measurement of the slip resistance but very heavy and hard to operate. In order to know the stability of the measurement result of ONO PPSM, we measured the slip resistance against 4 different kind of floor materials. As a result of this, we found out that the coefficient of variability of CSR' is less than 0.05. Also, we verified the relation between CSR' and CSR. more specifically by doing the slip test against 7 different kinds of inorganic matter floor materials. We increased the usability of ONO PPSM as a slip meter by suggesting the method of sharing the evaluation index of slip of CSR' and C.S.R.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.477-488
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• 2009

A slip critical joint has various values to adopt the proper slip coefficient in various conditions of faying surfaces in the following codes: AISC, AIJ and Eurocode 3. However, the Korean Building Code still regulates the unique slip coefficient, 0.45, regardless of the diverse faying conditions. In this study, the slip resistance test, including five kinds of surface treatments were conducted to obtain the proper slip coefficients available to steel plate KS SM490A. The faying surfaces were comprised of a clean mill, rust, red lead paint, zinc primer, and shot blast treatment. The candidates for high strength bolts were torque-shear bolts, torque-shear bolts with zinc coating, and ASTM A490 bolts. Based on the test results, the specimens with a shot blasted surface and rusted surface exhibited $k_s$, 0.61, and 0.5, respectively. It is recommended that the specimens with zinc primer exhibit $k_s{\geq}0.40$. The clean mill treated surface had prominently lower values, 0.27. For red lead painted treatment, the thickness of the coating affects the determinant of slip coefficient, so it is necessary to establish a minimum $k_s$ of 0.2, with a coating thickness of 65 ${\mu}m$. During 1,000 hours of relaxation, the uncoated surfaces exhibited the loss of clamping force behind 3%, while the coated surfaces within a certain limited thickness exhibited the loss of clamping within a range of 4.71% and 8.37%.

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.75-83
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• 2019

Purpose: There are no clear criteria for slip performance in the BF certification process, so the evaluator relies on subjective judgments depending on the field situation. Physical criteria for determining the slip performance of various floor finishes are not clear. C.S.R., the only criterion currently being used to check slip performance, may raise questions about its coverage, feasibility and reliability. Method: For an analysis of domestic standards and status, KS L 1001, KS M 3510, and KS F 2375. External standards are analyzed for ADA Standard, ANSI Standard, and BS EN Standard. Analyze the test methods and evaluation criteria of O-Y-PSM, BPT, and the dynamic slip resistance test used in these criteria. It also presents an improvement plan for the rational presentation of standards. Results: To date, various kinds of test methods and measuring devices of the slip resistance coefficient have been developed, but there are not many ways to trust useful results related to user safety. Reliability and thoroughly verified test methods and criteria should be used to assess the slip performance of the floor. In order to improve the standard for the evaluation of slip performance in Korea, the existing standard should first be raised to the same level as the overseas standard, and the application of the discriminatory standard should be applied considering the characteristics and usage patterns of each space. Implication: Currently, Korean standards propose various test methods, but the proper use of test methods, scope and assessment criteria are not established, so improvement of the comprehensive standard is necessary.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.1-4
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• 2013

The main objective was to design and develop a prototype robot system for assessing slip resistance. The developed robot system will be able to be used for stochastic nature of friction in the whole workplace. The second objective was to evaluate its operating condition in the laboratory, using a dreg sled type slipmeter(BOT-3000) as reference device. It was found that COF(Coefficient of Friction) measured with robot system was similar to that of BOT-3000 when sliding velocity was reached at 0.2m/s. The robot system might be the more promising one than any traditional measurement devices. A further evolution of prototype devices, as well as the development of test methods for that's various applications, is to be started in forthcoming studies.