• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.9-15
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• 2016

The changes of resistant starch (RS) contents of cooked rice with soybean and coconut oils under different storage conditions were investigated and RS contents were compared between the rice and cooker types. The japonica (Hopyeong) and the indica (Thailand) type rice were cooked (washed rice: water = 100: 130) using an electric cooker and a saucepan. The coconut oil and soybean oil (3%, based on rice, w/w) were added into cooking water before heating. The RS contents of freeze-dried cooked rice powders (newly-cooked rice, stored for 12 h in the refrigerator, microwave heating after storage for 12 h in the refrigerator) were measured by the AOAC method. The RS contents of cooked rice using a saucepan were higher than those using an electric cooker. The indica type cooked rice had a higher RS content than the japonica type cooked rice, regardless of storage conditions. However, addition of oil before cooking rice resulted in increased RS content on storage in the refrigerator. The highest RS content of the cooked indica type rice with soybean oil ($5.89{\pm}0.22%$) that was stored for 12 h in the refrigerator was analyzed. The results suggested that the cooked rice formed retrograded (RS3) and amylose-lipid complex (RS5) type RS; furthermore, the RS content is affected by storage conditions, rice, cooker and oil types.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.431-437
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• 2011

Transparent liquid crystal gels with high oil content by fatty acid soap were investigated. The solubilization efficiency of the mineral oil was dependent on the process. The process of dropping water part into the solution of oil and surfactant was more efficient than the process of dropping water part into the surfactant solution and after that dropping oil. The fatty acid soap could not solubilize the high oil content, but under the certain range, addition of CDE (Coconut Diethanolamide), Arlacel 165 (Glyceryl Stearate/PEG-100 Stearate) and cetostearyl alcohol helped solubilize the high content oil. Also, the glycerin and water content had influence on the solubilization. Especially, higher oil content gel showed elastic feature.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.375-385
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• 2019

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to provide basic data for gingivitis management programs by dental hygienists by evaluating the effect of oral health education, oil pulling, and professional toothbrushing on gingivitis. Methods: A total of 38 subjects were divided into three groups: control group (12 subjects), experimental group 1 (13 subjects), and experimental group 2 (13 subjects). The control and experimental groups were instructed to brush using the rotating method. Distilled water was provided to the control group after training. Coconut oil was provided every morning for about 10 minutes. In the experimental group 2, a professional brushing method was used at each visit. Results: There were no significant differences in oral health among the three groups, and there was homology between patient hygiene performance (PHP) index (p=0.144) and bleeding rate (p=0.213). The PHP index showed a significant interaction between the group and measurement time. The control and experimental groups showed changes in the PHP index with time (F=3.711; p=0.013). The bleeding rate showed a significant interaction between the group and measurement period. The control and experimental groups showed changes in the bleeding rate with time (F=6.707; p<0.001). Conclusions: Oral health education, professional toothbrushing, and oil pulling specialists in oral care of gingivitis were effective in managing gingivitis. It is necessary to educate people on self-management methods for oral health promotion using gingivitis management programs by dental hygienists.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.524-532
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• 2018

In this study, two types of amino acids-based anionic biosurfactants such as potassium cocoyl glutamate (CTK) and sodium cocoyl glutamate (CTN) were synthesized from coconut oils and the structure elucidation of CTK and CTN was carried out by using FT-IR, $^1H-NMR$ and $^{13}C-NMR$ spectrophotometries. Measurements of interfacial properties such as static and dynamic surface tensions and emulsification activity showed that both CTK and CTN were surface-active and effective in lowering the interfacial free energy. In particular, the CTK surfactant was found to be more efficient in reducing the interfacial free energy since the larger number of CTK molecules was preferentially adsorbed at the air-water interface due to the higher hydrophobicity and larger mobility of CTK than those of using CTN, indicating possible uses in cosmetics and household products formulation.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.55-61
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• 1992

This study was performed observe the effect of edible oil on the serum lipid of 0.5% cholesterol-fed rats. In this experiment, male rats of Sprague-Dawley strain were used. The rats were divided into 5groups which were fed differently eigher for 8 weeks : basal diet, 20% sunflower oil diet, 20% soybean oil diet, 20% rapeseed oil diet, 20% coconut oil diet. The followings are the results of this experiment. 1. The total chol., free chol., TG, PL level in the serum were showed tendency of decrease with in creasing of P/S ratios. 2. HDL-chol. level was increased with increasing of P/S ratios but LDL-chol. level was decreased. 3. GOT, GPT, TBA level in the serum were increased with increasing of P/S ratios.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.605-610
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• 1992

Two experiments were conducted to investigate into the effects of replacing maize with a mixture of cassava root and leaf meal (CRLM) on the performance of broiler chickens. In experiment 1, CRLM replaced 50 or 100 percent of maize in the control diet. In experiment 2, the 100 percent CRLM based-diet was fortified at a further 3 percent level with coconut oil. A total of 180, one-day old Shaver Starbro chicks, raised up to 49 days of age, were used. There were no significant (p<0.05) differences in final body weights, feed intake and feed efficiency between the control group and the group fed the diet in which 50 percent of the maize was replaced with CRLM. At the 100 percent level of replacement of maize with CRLM, however, final body weights, feed efficiency and carcass yields, were significantly (p<0.05) reduced. Dressing percentage and feed intake were not affected (p>0.05) by level of substitution of maize with CRLM. In experiment 2, when the diet in which all of the maize was replaced with CRLM was fortified with coconut oil at an additional 3 percent level, broiler performance improved and equaled (p=0.05) that obtained on the control maize diet. It was concluded the CRLM can replace 50 percent of maize in broiler diet without adversely affecting performance. However, for the complete replacement of maize with CRLM, it is necessary to further supplement such a diet with a high energy density ingredient if broiler performance is to be maintained.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.834-842
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• 2017

Objective: An experiment was to evaluate the interplay of dietary lipid sources and feeding regime in the transition from sow milk to solid food of abruptly weaned piglets. Methods: Soon after weaning, 144 piglets were selected and were trained over a 15 day period to experience gradually reducing dietary fat content from 12% to 6% for lard (L), soybean oil (S), and coconut oil (C) and their feeding behavior and diet preference then tested in a behavior observation experiment. Another 324 weaned piglets were used in three consecutive feeding experiments to measure the effect of different dietary fats on performance and feed choice in the four weeks after abrupt weaning. The lipid sources were used as supplements in a 3% crude fat corn/soya basal diet, with 6% of each being included to form diets 9C, 9S, and 9L respectively, and their effects on performance measured. Combinations of these diets were then further compared in fixed blends or free choice selection experiments. Results: Piglets pre-trained to experience reducing lipid inclusion showed different subsequent preferences according to lipid source, with a preference for lard at 9%, soybean oil at 3%, and coconut oil at 6% inclusion rate (p<0.001). Following abrupt weaning, whilst after 4 weeks those fed 9C had the heaviest body weights (18.13 kg, p = 0.006). Piglets fed a fixed 1:1 blend of 9C+9S had a poorer feed conversion ratio (FCR = 1.80) than those fed a blend of 9C+9L (FCR = 1.4). The 9C and 9L combination groups showed better performance in both fixed blend and free choice feeding regimes. Conclusion: After abrupt weaning, they still have dependence on high oleic acid lipids as found in sow milk. A feeding regime offering free choice combination of lipids might give the possibility for piglets to cope better with the transition at weaning, but further research is needed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.362-368
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• 2012

This study examined the fatty acid compositions of the fats extracted from 14 commercial coffee creamers and 11 instant coffee mixes, and evaluated the sensory characteristics of the coffees using different coffee creamers. The fat content in the 14 coffee creamers and 11 coffee mixes was 15~28% and 8~14%, respectively. The fats in 12 coffee creamers consisted of 34~45% lauric, 15~19% myristic and 10~18% palmitic acids. The fats in the other 2 coffee creamers consisted of 43% palmitic, 39% oleic and 10% linoleic acids. The fatty acids of the fats in the 11 coffee mixes were almost all saturated with lauric acid being the most abundant (44~45%). Coconut oil or palm kernel oil might have been used to manufacture the 12 coffee creamers and 11 coffee mixes, which had a higher lauric acid content. Palm oil (PO) might be a fat source for the other 2 coffee creamers. The sensory characteristics of five coffee mixes were evaluated based on their fatty acid compositions. The coffees with the creamers, which had a higher lauric acid content, were significantly more acceptable than those with a higher palmitic acid (p<0.05). The sensory evaluation of the coffees made with the creamers composed of hydrogenated coconut oil (HCO) and PO at different ratios showed that the acceptability increased with increasing HCO content. This suggests that PO may have a negative impact on the sensory characteristics.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.342-349
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• 2020

The rapidly increasing threats to the environmental has increased the demand for biodegradable lubricants. Vegetable oils, such as olive, coconut, and sunflower oils, are readily obtainable and are not harmful, unlike synthetic and mineral oils. The tribological characteristics of these oils should be adequately examined for industrial applications. In this study, the lubrication characteristics of olive oil is investigated using a pin-on-disk-type tribometer under 500 gf of normal force, and the examination results are compared and analyzed with those of commercial synthetic lubricants for friction and wear. In addition, stearic acid, which is a type of saturated fatty acid, is mixed with olive oil as an additive to improve its lubrication characteristics. Olive oil with stearic acid additive is thus observed to exhibit the lowest friction coefficient for rotational speeds of 200 to 800 rpm. According to the wear analysis, a minimal amount of wear is observed when no additive is used. Hence, olive oil is able to effectively reduce friction and wear at relatively low speeds. These low friction and wear characteristics of olive oil are attributed to its compatibility with the substrate.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.60-65
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• 2000

The yeast extract, coconut water, safflower seed oil, arachidonic acid, linolenic acid, jasmonic acid and methyl jasmonate were added to Gamborg's B$_{5}$ medium. The changes on productivity of baccatin III were estimated every 30 minutes and the results were compared using the selected high yielding cell culture system of Taxus cuspidata. In most cases, the peaks of baccatin III productivity occured at 90~120 min after addition of elicitors. Among the compound elicitors, safflower seed oil showed the highest productivity of baccatin III. Also arachidonic acid and linolenic acid increased the baccatin III production.