• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.236-243
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• 2006

A series of surveys are performed to evaluate the abundance, composition and distribution of marine debris on the sea bed around the Busan port. In order to set up a master plan for the marine environmental pollution the relevant maritime authority must understand how many and w㏊t kinds of marine litters are distributed on the sea bed. At first we planed to survey areas divided regularly according to the coast line but there were many sea going vessels and fishing boats. So we selected and surveyed the around area where there were no sea going vessels or fishing boats.The obtained results are as follows: 1. The mean values of litters in number and weight are 5.8 pieces/㏊. and 3.5㎏/㏊. respectively. 2. The highest density in terms of number are vinyl and plastic item, and in weight are fishing gear and ship articles. 3. The nearer to the shore we surveyed the more we collected in terms of the density of marine litters in number and in weight per hectare. 4. Eel pot, oiled waste, rope, others, other pot and net of fishing gear litters in number were 59.9, 22.7, 7.9, 4.5, 3.1 and 1.9% respectively. 5. There is no relationship between the amount of fish caught and the amount of marine debris.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.21-32
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• 2011

A series of in-situ and laboratory tests were performed for the clayey soils of Busan area in order to develop the methods to evaluate the compressibility using CPT and DMT results. The laboratory tests show that the clayey layers of Busan areas are normally consolidated, and their compression indices are turned out to be 0.5~1.3. From the analysis of test results, correlation factors between the cone resistance and constrained modulus (${\alpha}_m$ and ${\alpha}_n$) are observed to decrease with increasing plasticity index, and the correlation factor between the dilatometer modulus and constrained modulus $(R_M)$ increases with $1/I_D$. Based on these relationships, the methods evaluating the constrained modulus from CPT and DMT results are suggested. It is shown that the prediction method by CPT underestimates the constrained modulus of improved ground, whereas the prediction method by DMT is suitable for evaluating the constrained modulus of improved and unimproved ground.

• Atmosphere
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.301-319
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• 2016

The evolutionary process of the polar low, which caused the heavy snowfall in the East Coast area on 11~12 February 2011, was investigated to describe in detail using synoptic weather charts, satellite imageries, and ERA (European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Re-Analysis) -Interim reanalysis data. It was revealed that 1) the polar low was generated over the sea near Busan where a large cyclonic shear in the inverted trough branched from the parent low existed, 2) during the developing and mature stages, there was a convectively unstable region in the lower layer around the polar low and its south side, 3) the polar low was developed in the region where the static stability in the 500~850 hPa layer was the lowest, 4) the result from the budget analysis of the vorticity equation indicated that the increase in the vorticity at the lower atmosphere, where the polar low was located, was dominated mainly by the stretching term, 5) the warm core structure of the polar low was identified in the surface-700 hPa layer during the mature stage, 6) there was a close inverse relationship between a development of the polar low and the height of the dynamic tropopause over the polar low, and 7) for generation and development of the polar low, large-scale circulation systems, such as upper cold low and its combined short wave trough, major low (parent low), and polar air outbreak, should be presented, indicating that the polar low has the nature of the baroclinic disturbance.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.1159-1170
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• 2016

This study examines the distribution and taxonomy of sea horses in South Korea, specifically sea horses that were caught in the Southern Sea, centering on Yeosu, South Korea. Specimen collection methods The samples were collected by set net, skimming nets, dragnets, and landing nets on a boat, as well as scuba diving. A total of 128 sea horses belonging to three species were collected. To investigate the exact distribution pattern, the catch per unit effort and the population density per $1,000m^2$ were calculated for each site in the Southern Sea. The result shows the highest catch by set nets was 29 sea horses a day in Site B at Dolsan-eup, Port Impo, and the highest catch by scuba diving was 8 sea horses a day in Site B at Gijang-gun, Busan. The highest population density was 61.2 sea horses in the coast of Gijang-gun, Busan. Genetic information analysis and morphological analysis were performed for determination of species. As a result, four Hippocampus trimaculatus, (flat-faced sea horses), 45 Hippocampus coronatus (Crowned sea horses), and 79 Hippocampus mohnikei (Japanese sea horses) were distinguished.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.163-174
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• 2020

Particulate matter levels are rapidly increasing daily, and this can affect human health. Therefore, air pollutant emissions from sea vessels require management. This study evaluates the status of air pollutants, focusing on air pollutant emissions from the vessels of the Korea Coast Guard (KCG), and proposes national management measures to reduce emissions. According to a report recently released (2018) by the National Institute of Environmental Research (NIER), emissions from vessels constituted 6.4 % of the total domestic emissions, including 13.1 % NO_x, 10.9 % SO_x, and 9.6 % particulate matter (PM10/PM2.5). Among the rates of pollutant emission from vessels, the emission rates of domestic and overseas cargo vessels were the highest (50.6 %); the ratio of fishing boats was 42.6 %. With respect to jurisdictional sea area, 44.1 % of the emissions are from the south sea, including the Busan and Ulsan ports, and 24.8 % of the emissions are from the west sea, including the Gwangyang and Yeosu ports. The KCG inspects boarding lines to manage emission conditions and regulate air pollutant emissions, but it takes time and effort to operate various discharge devices and measure fuel oil standards. In addition, owing to busy ship schedules, inspection documents are limited in terms of management. Therefore, to reduce the air pollutant emissions of such vessels, regulations will be strengthened to check for air pollutants, and a monitoring system based on actual field data using KCG patrol ships will be established, for each sea area, to manage the emissions of such vessels. Furthermore, there is a need for technological development and institutional support for the introduction of environmentally friendly vessels.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 1983

Data on the trawl operation was compiled from the Korea stern trawlers operated in the sea off the Sahara coast of Africa from May 1975 to April 1976. The distribution of some important demersal fishes were investigated by calculating the catch per haul in every fishing ground sections divided by every fishing ground sections divided by every 30' of latitude and longitude. The results obtained are as follows; 1. The mean catch per haul calculated as: squid 14.9kg, large cuttlefish 29.9kg, small cuttlefish 37.8kg, octopus 44.1kg, sole 8.0kg, seabream 9.3kg and miscellaneous fishes 63.1kg. Where cuttlefish is divided into two sizes, large or small by if it weighs over 300kg or not. 2. Squid were caught mostly from August to November in the northern part of 24$^{\circ}$30'N and southern part of 23$^{\circ}$30'N. 3. Large cuttlefish were caught mostly from December to May of the next year, in the coast from 23$^{\circ}$00'N to 25$^{\circ}$00'N, where as small cuttlefish were caught mostly from April to June and from November to January of next year, in the coast from 23$^{\circ}$30'N to 25$^{\circ}$00'N. 4. Octopus were caught mostly from September to January of the next year and from March to April. in the coast from 23$^{\circ}$00'N to 25$^{\circ}$00'N rather in the offshore than in the near coast. 5. Miscellaneous fishes including seabream were caught from May to November, sole from June to November and the others from May to October.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.61-69
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• 2005

The coastal erosion and the look of a heap which are mainly occurred in the district along the coast are found for various forms such as the estuary closing, the estuary sand bar the development of the coast sand bar, and the modification of coastline. Recently, due to the coastal development, these transformations have been intensified. The change of coast, which has been made slow progress is required long-term study on a searching examination of the root cause and a suggestion of a counter measure. In this research, ortho aerial photos were produced to analyze volumes of topographical alternations that have been progressed fer the long run, by 10s cycle from 1940s through 1990s, to compute accurate volumes of coastline variation, through a datum point and G.C.P (Ground Control Point). Also in this study, without respect to water level, the coastline variation was analyzed by using comparatively analyzed a Idlest land map, a cadastral map. And to analyze topographical variation volumes, the tidal station's materials was used under consideration f3r tide. Finally, topographical variation volumes are comparatively analyzed through surveying and sounding and a point of fine of aviation photographing was calculated and revised. After this research, by using ortho aerial photos, We can understand efficiency of these in computing volumes of variations of coastline by analyzing quantitatively erosion and look of a heap. Besides, in the future, these will be used for information gathering of the coastline integration control system.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.184-190
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• 2021

Since the original description of new species, Eumicrotremus jindoensis, we confirmed the first occurrence of E. jindoensis based on a single specimen (22.3 mm SL) caught by inshore stow net at the coastal waters of Boryeong of Korea. However, our specimen slightly differed from type specimens in having more vertebrae (26 vs. 21~24), longer snout (17.4% vs. 8.1~9.1%), longer preanus length (67.5% vs. 58.0~58.3%) and shorter second dorsal fin base (15.3% vs. 20.2~20.8%). Comparing with mtDNA COI and Cytb sequences, we could not find any differences in mtDNA Cytb sequences between our specimen and type specimens, which suggest that those morphological differences may belong to local variation by habitat and environmental condition between off Jindo Island and off Boryeong in Korea. Eumicrotremus uenoi is known from the southern sea of Korea narrowly (Busan, Tongyeong, and Jeju Island), the other congeneric species (E. asperrimus, E. pacificus, and E. taranetzi) from only the eastern sea of Korea, but E. jindoensis from the central coast to southern coast of western Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.466-473
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• 2020

A marine air drone is a new device that can be used to respond to and prevent marine casualties. Determining the districts where marine air drones can be deployed helps the government decision makers identify efficient policy. The aim of this study is to develop a model using the fuzzy-analytic hierarchy process (F-AHP) and additive ratio assessment (ARAS) method to evaluate appropriate districts for deploying marine air drones. To verify the applicability of the proposed model, a case study was performed with respect to the Korea coast guard (KCG) districts. Since the deployed marine air drones are characterized by a high degree of overlap between the evaluation attributes. the F-AHP is used to determine the weights of identified criteria. The results of this study, show that missing people from the shore was the most important criterion for deployment of the drone. For ranking the local districts of the KCG, the ARAS is applied in the case study with the single goal of 50% reduction in marine casualties. Consequently, the highest priority district was identified as Mokpo, followed by Incheon, Seogwipo, Taean, Wando, Yeosu, Pohang, Tongyeong, Gunsan, Bolyeong, Jeju, Buan, Donghae, Sokcho, Ulsan, Uljin, Busan, Changwon, and Pyeongtaeg.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.437-444
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• 2017

The concentration of the HNS Accident for each region was confirmed to prepare against an HNS Spill accident by using a Concentration Index which is used to assess industry concentration trend. This is to present the HNS Accident Concentration Index by combining HNS Accident Scale Concentration Index and an HNS Accident Frequency Concentration Index based on the data of marine spill accidents including the HNS accident. Based on the HNS Accident Concentration Index, Ulsan was identified as a top priority region for preparedness, Yeosu, Busan and Taean were identified as priority regions for preparedness, Gunsan, Mokpo, Wando, Incheon, Tongyeong, Pyeongtaek and Pohang were identified as necessary regions for preparedness, Donghae, Boryeong, Buan, Seogwipo, Sokcho, Jeju and Changwon, in which no marine spill accidents occurred, were identified as support regions for preparedness.