• Title/Summary/Keyword: coal waste

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Isolation and Characterization of a New Hydrogen Sulfide-Oxidizing Bacterium Thiobacillus Sp. (황화수소 산화세균인 새로운 Thiobacillus sp.의 분리 및 특성)

  • Cha, Jin-Myeong;Lee, In-Hwa
    • Korean Journal of Microbiology
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    • v.32 no.4
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    • pp.252-257
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    • 1994
  • A new hydrogen sulfide-oxidation bacterium, Thiobacillus sp. was isolated from waste coal mine water around Hawsun in Chunnam province. The isolate was motile gram-negative rod shape, formed spore and grew up to be aerobically facultative chemolithotroph by using energy released from the oxidation of reduced inorganic sulfur compounds. It could assimilate various kinds of organic compounds and grew well upon thiosulfate-supplemented basal medium. To the lelvel of 32 mM in thiosulfate concentration, thiosulfate in itself was utilized as energy source for growth. However, from those of the higher concentration than 32 mM, thiosulfate functioned specifically as the substrate inhibitor rather than as the energy source. It was found that the optimum thiosulfate concentration for growth was 32 mM. The G+C content of the DNA was 65.0 mol%. The isolate had 16 : 1 + 17$_{cyc}$, 16 : 0 as their major non-hydroxylated cellular fatty acids, 3-OH 12 : 0 as a hydroxylated fatty acid and also contained unidentified $C_{18}$ branched fatty acid. The ubiquinone system in the respiratory chain was Q-9. Based on the physiological and biochemical characteristics, the isolate was assigned to a novel species of the genus Thiobacillus sp. iw.

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Advances of Post-combustion Carbon Capture Technology by Dry Sorbent (건식흡수제 이용 연소배가스 이산화탄소 포집기술)

  • Yi, Chang-Keun
    • Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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    • v.48 no.2
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    • pp.140-146
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    • 2010
  • This paper addresses recent status and trends of carbon dioxide capture technologies using dry sorbents in the flue gas. The advantages of dry sorbent $CO_2$ capture technology are broader operating temperature range, less energy loss, less waste water, less corrosion problem, and natural properties of solid wastes. Recently, U.S.A. and Korea have been developing processes capturing $CO_2$ from real coal flue gas as well as sorbents improving sorption capacity to decrease total $CO_2$ capture cost. New class of dry sorbents have been developed such as chemisorbents with alkali metals of which material cost is low, amines physically adsorbed on silica supports, amines covalently tethered to the silica support, carbon-supported amines, polymer-supported amines, amine-containing solid organic resins and metal-organic framework. The breakthrough is needed in the materials on dry sorbents to decrease capture cost.

A Study on the Comparison of Measuring Methods and Development of Emssion Factor on Mercury from Large-Scale Emission Sources (대형배출원에서의 수은 측정방법 비교 및 배출계수 개발에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Hyung-Chun;Kim, Rhok-Ho;Kim, Jong-Hyeon;Lim, Seung-young;Kang, Dae-Il;Hong, Ji-Hyung;Jang, Kee-Won
    • Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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    • v.32 no.2
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    • pp.184-192
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    • 2016
  • Recently, studies on reducing mercury have been actively conducted worldwide, which include the current status of mercury emissions and mercury control technology. Among the control technology, Sorbent Trap measurement method has been aggressively developed due to its reliability, easiness in measurement and analysis. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the applicability of the new international measurement method; Sorbent Trap. For this, the study compared the Sorbent trap method (US EPA Method 30B) and the Korean Standard Method for Examination of Air (ES 01408.1) to evaluate their reliability, and developed mercury emission factors. As the result, the relative standard deviations (% RSD) of the two methods were 3.5~13.4% at Coal-fired Power Plants (CPP), 4.0~18.4% at Cement Kilns (CK), and 3.0~11.3% at Medical Waste Incinerators (MWI). The emissions factors were developed as 14.50 kg/ton at CPP, 45.10 kg/ton at CK, and 1,290.2 kg/ton at MWI.

A Study on the Application with Limestone Sludge at Limestone-Gypsum Wet Flue Gas Desulfurization Process (석회석 슬러지의 석회석-석고 습식 배연탈황 공정적용에 관한 연구)

  • Seo, Sung Kwan;Chu, Yong Sik;Shim, Kwang Bo
    • Resources Recycling
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    • v.25 no.5
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    • pp.44-49
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    • 2016
  • Flue gas desulfurization(FGD) is an effective technique to remove $SO_2$ gases of coal-fired plants. Limestone is usually used as desulfurizing agent. In this study, we use the limestone sludge which is a by-product of steel industry in order to replace desulfurizing agent of FGD process. Physical and chemical characteristics analysis of desulfurizing agent was conducted. Desulfurizing agent using limestone sludge was fabricated by pre-treatment process and, then the agent was used on FGD process. Consequently, the tendency on the $SO_2$ concentration did not appear. And limestone sludge was considered as possible alternative agent for flue gas desulfurization process through absorber control system.

Thermal Decomposition and Combustion Behavior of Plastics into Blast Furnace (플라스틱의 高爐 吹入時 熱分解特性 및 燃燒擧動)

  • 허남환;백찬영;임창희
    • Resources Recycling
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    • v.9 no.6
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    • pp.15-22
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    • 2000
  • There are many intensive efforts to develop the recycling technologies of waste plastics in steel works to tackle the saving of resources and the protection of the natural environment. In this study, the thermogravimetric analyses for three kinds of plastics, the combustion experiments and the theoretical approach for calculating the flame temperature in the blast furnace had been performed to understand the behavior of plastics in the raceway. The thermal decompositions of plastics were studied using thermogravimetric analyzer under the atmospheric condition. The starting temperature of thermal decomposition and the maximum weight loss point were increased in proportion to the logarithmic values of heating rate. The combustion characteristics of plastics were simulated in a coke-bed combustor. The combustion efficiency of plastics was lower than that of pulverized coal. The oxygen enrichment was found out to be one of the useful methods to increase the combustibility of plastics in raceway. The maximum injection rate of plastics was calculated based on the flame temperature.

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A Study on Willingness to Pay for Nuclear Energy Tax using Choice Experiment (원자력 발전 신규 조세 도입에 대한 지불의사액 추정 연구)

  • Hojeong Park;Sung Jin Cho
    • Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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    • v.31 no.4
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    • pp.531-559
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    • 2022
  • It is necessary to study the need for introduction of nuclear energy tax in Korea to internalize the externality cost of nuclear power and to make more balanced taxation system considering LNG and coal power. This study adopts choice experiment method to estimate the willingness to pay (WTP) for possible new tax on nuclear power. The finding is that the tax on nuclear fuel is more preferable to other tax base with KRW2.19/kWh of WTP, compared to KRW1.46/kWh for nuclear waste. The WTP for using the tax revenue to facilitate economic activity is KRW6.39/kWh compared to KRW6.12/kWh of WTP for funding climate change investment. The finding suggests that the design of nuclear power taxation needs to focus more on the use of tax revenue than on the choice of tax base.

Application of Laser Distance Measurer to measure ground surface displacement in slopes (사면의 지표변위 측정을 위한 레이저 거리측정기의 활용)

  • Cho, Yong-Chan;Song, Young-Suk
    • Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
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    • v.13 no.1
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    • pp.23-31
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    • 2014
  • In this study, the method to measure effectively the ground surface displacement of slope was proposed using the Laser Distance Measurer (LDM). Applying the proposed technique is more simple and easier than the complicated and high-priced instrument to measure the ground surface displacement. LDM is an instrument that the red laser aimed at the target and then the reflected laser used for calculating the distance. The advantages of LDM are easy operating method, high measurement precision and lower in price. To check the feasibility, the proposed method applied to the real site that the ground surface displacement of slope was occurred continuously. The ground surface displacements were occurred in various points of the natural and cut slopes located at the lower part of coal mine waste heap due to the load of waste heap. To measure directly the ground surface displacement in this site, 6 measurement sections and 26 measurement points were selected. As the result of the displacement measured by the proposed technique within a certain period time, the accumulative ground surface displacement could be measured as well as the velocity of displacement could be estimated. Also, the progress direction of ground surface displacement can be confirmed and predicted through the analysis of all measured result.

Environmental Characteristics of Leachates from Steel Slag (제강슬래그 침출수의 환경적 특성)

  • Park, Jong-Beom;Lee, Byoung-Chan;Jang, Min-Ho;Na, Hyun-Ho
    • Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
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    • v.11 no.2
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    • pp.31-38
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    • 2012
  • The recycled aggregate for construction, slag, coal ash and such may elute leachates by chemical reaction when in touch with water, and to confirm this, generally the waste process test is executed. If the test result criteria are met, it can be used as replacement aggregate. In case of steel slag, however, the chemical reaction does not end in a short term, but occurs over a long time, generating eluted leachate. Thus, in this study, the leachate from steel slag were analyzed for heavy metal, and the pH change and environmental characteristics of eluted leachate were analyzed. According to the experiment result, the chemical reaction of free CaO and water within the steel slag occurred more actively when stirred, and the smaller the grain size, the higher the pH was. As the result of waste process test, all test items for the two types of specimen were found to have no heavy metal, but from the ICP test analysis result, heavy metals such as Al, Pb, Zn, Fe were detected. It could be confirmed that chemical reaction would occur upon contact of steel slag and water, and heavy metal may be detected depending on experiment conditions and analysis methods, the long-term environmental characteristics should be examined for utilization of steel slag.

Study on the Correlation between Air Emission Gas and Alternative Fuels Used in Cement Sintering Process (시멘트 소성공정에 사용된 대체연료와 대기배출가스간 상관관계 연구)

  • Choi, Jaewon;Baek, Ju-Ik;Kwon, Sang-Jin;Won, Pil-Sung;Kang, Bong-Hee
    • Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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    • v.8 no.3
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    • pp.286-293
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    • 2020
  • In this study, we tried to verify the correlation of the amount of combustible industrial by-products, household waste used as fuels on cement sintering process and the amount of NOx, and CO, harmful components in the exhaust gas. The analysis uses coal as natural fuel, soft plastics (plastics with properties that tend to be scattered by wind, such as vinyls), hard plastics (plastics with properties that are not scattered by wind, such as PETs, wate rubbers), and reclaimed oils as alternative fuels. Utilizing the response surface analysis (RSM) technique using the process data of 2019, such as the fuel input and combustion temperature of a domestic A cement manufacturer's sintering facilities as independent variables, and the NOx, and CO emissions to the stack as dependent variables. Correlation was analyzed. As a result, it was confirmed that the impact on the emission material differs for each waste. In particular, it was analyzed that the hard plastics increase the CO emission but have an excellent effect of reducing NOx.

A Research on the Economic Feasibility of Korean Nuclear Power under the Condition of Social Acceptance after Fukushima Accident (후쿠시마원전사고 이후 원전 경제성과 안전성(사회적 수용성)의 최적점 연구)

  • Kim, Dong-Won
    • Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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    • v.11 no.3
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    • pp.207-212
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    • 2013
  • Since the Fukushima nuclear power plant accident in March 2011, critical views on the increase in operation of nuclear power plants including the safety and the economic feasibility thereof have been expanding across the world. In these circumstances, we are to find out solutions to the controversial questions on whether nuclear power plants are economically more feasible than other energy sources, while the safety thereof is fully maintained. Thereby, nuclear power plants will play a key role as a sustainable energy source in the future as well as at present. To measure the social safety level that Korean people are actually feeling after the Fukushima accident, a method of cost-benefit analysis called the Contingent Valuation Method(CVM) was used, whereby we wanted to estimate the amount of expenses the general public would be willing to pay for the safety based on their acceptance rather than the social safety. As a result of calculating the trade-off value of the economic feasibility versus the safety in nuclear power plants through the survey thereon, it caused the nuclear power generation cost to be increased by 4.75 won/kWh. Reflecting this on the current power generation cost of 39.11 won/kWh would increase the cost to 43.86 won/kWh. It is thought that this potential cost is still more competitive than the coal-fired power generation cost of 67 won/kWh. This result will be available as a basic data for the 2nd Energy Basic Plan to be drawn up this year, presenting policy implications at the same time.