• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제27권7B호
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• pp.695-705
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• 2002

본 논문에서는 개방 지역 혹은 위성 채널과 같이 직진파 (Line-Of-Sight; LOS) 성분이 존재하는 라이시안 (Rician) 다중경로 페이딩 채널 하에서의 광대역 부호 분할 다원 접속 (Wideband Code Division Multiple Access; W-CDMA) 시스템에 적합한 단순한 형태의 개방루프 전송 다이버시티 기법을 제안한다. 제안된 기법은 송신기에서 어떠한 사전 처리 과정도 필요하지 않기 때문에 기존의 폐쇄루프 전송 다이버시티 기법인 TxAA (Transmit Adaptive Array)나 개방루프 시공간 전송 다이버시티 (space-Time Transmit Diversity; STTD)에 비하여 간단한 구조를 갖는다. 본 논문에서는 제안 기법의 수신단 출력 신호대잡음비 (Signal-to-Noise Ratio; SNR)에 대한 확률밀도함수 및 비트오율 (Bit Error Rate; BER)을 유도한다. 또한 전형적인 라이시안 페이딩 채널 환경에서 모의 실험을 통해 해석 결과의 타당성을 검증하고 기존의 전송 다이버시티 기법들과의 성능 비교 결과를 제시한다. 모의실험 결과, LOS 성분이 매우 작은 경우에는 기존의 개방루프 STTD 기법 보다 약간의 우위를 유지하는데 그치지만 LOS 성분이 커질수록 기존의 개방루프 STTD 기법보다 월등히 우수해지며 이상적인 폐쇄루프 TxAA 시스템의 이론적인 성능에 근접함을 알 수 있다.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.573-592
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• 1994

A two-stage procedure is ideal for getting a successful osseointegration. But if a one-stage procedure can achieve a similar osseointegration, the one-stage procedure has several advantages. The purpose of this study was to observe the initial bone formation and bone remodeling of open type (nonsubmerged) and closed type (submerged) titanium implants. Eight ITI hollow-screws and eight Branemark fixtures were divided into two groups (submerged and nonsubmerged) and were installed on the lower jaws of four mongrel dogs. The animals were sacrificed three months later and bone sections with implants were processed for light microscopic and fluorescent microscopic observation. The results were as follows : 1 There was no significant difference in bone-to-implant contact between submerged and nonsubmerged implants. 2. Smooth surface titanium implants showed more bone-to-implant contact than that of titanium plasma coated implants histologically. 3. Under fluorescent microscopy, the active bone remodeling and new bone formation were observed in the interface zone. 4. Under fluorescent microscopy, submerged and nonsubmerged implants had no difference in bone remodeling pattern, and intramembranous bone formation was more prominent. 5. The connective tissue fibers orienting perpendicularly toward implant surface were oberved in the neck of implants.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.2357-2380
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• 2019

In this paper, we investigate the impact of hardware impairments (HWIs) on the performance of a downlink massive MIMO system. We consider a single-cell system with maximum ratio transmission (MRT) as precoding scheme, and with all the HWIs characteristics such as phase noise, distortion noise, and amplified thermal noise. Based on the system model, we derive closed-form expressions for a typical user data rate under two scenarios: when a common local oscillator (CLO) is used at the base station and when separated oscillators (SLOs) are used. We also derive closed-form expressions for the downlink transmit power required for some desired per-user data rate under each scenario. Compared to the conventional system with ideal transceiver hardware, our results show that impairments of hardware make a finite upper limit on the user's downlink channel capacity; and as the number of base station antennas grows large, it is only the hardware impairments at the users that mainly limit the capacity. Our results also show that SLOs configuration provides higher data rate than CLO at the price of higher power consumption. An approach to minimize the effect of the hardware impairments on the system performance is also proposed in the paper. In our approach, we show that by reducing the cell size, the effect of accumulated phase noise during channel estimation time is minimized and hence the user capacity is increased, and the downlink transmit power is decreased.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.275-286
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• 2013

An explicit frequency-domain circuit model for the conventional coupled magnetic resonance system (CMRS) is newly proposed in this paper. Detail circuit parameters such as the leakage inductances, magnetizing inductances, turn-ratios, internal coil resistances, and source/load resistances are explicitly included in the model. Accurate overall system efficiency, DC gain, and key design parameters are deduced from the model in closed form equations, which were not available in previous works. It has been found that the CMRS can be simply described by an equivalent voltage source, resistances, and ideal transformers when it is resonated to a specified frequency in the steady state. It has been identified that the voltage gain of the CMRS was saturated to a specific value although the source side or the load side coils were strongly coupled. The phase differences between adjacent coils were ${\pi}/2$, which should be considered for the EMF cancellations. The analysis results were verified by simulations and experiments. A detailed circuit-parameter-based model was verified by experiments for 500 kHz by using a new experimental kit with a class-E inverter. The experiments showed a transfer of 1.38 W and a 40 % coil to coil efficiency.

• 한국IT서비스학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.99-113
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• 2015

Adaptive bitrate (ABR) streaming technology has become an important and prevalent feature in many multimedia delivery systems, with content providers such as Netflix and Amazon using ABR streaming to increase bandwidth efficiency and provide the maximum user experience when channel conditions are not ideal. Where such systems could see improvement is in the delivery of live video with a closed loop cognitive control of video encoding. In this paper, we present streaming camera system which provides spatially and temporally adaptive video streams, learning the user's preferences in order to make intelligent scaling decisions. The system employs a hardware based H.264/AVC encoder for video compression. The encoding parameters can be configured by the user or by the cognitive system on behalf of the user when the bandwidth changes. A cognitive video client developed in this study learns the user's preferences (i.e. video size over frame rate) over time and intelligently adapts encoding parameters when the channel conditions change. It has been demonstrated that the cognitive decision system developed has the ability to control video bandwidth by altering the spatial and temporal resolution, as well as the ability to make scaling decisions

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.115-126
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• 2001

In this paper, through a series of comparative experiments, effects of two different cure processing methods, cocure and precure, on the mechanical properties of honeycomb core materials for aircraft applications are considered. Mass of moisture accumulated into the closed cells of the sandwich panel specimen from the measured mass of moisture diffused to the full saturation state into the elements(skin, adhesive layer, Nomex honeycomb), consisting the honeycomb sandwich specimen has been calculated. Water reservoir of 70$\^{C}$ was used to have specimens absorb moisture to see the influence of moisture absorbed into sandwich panel on its mechanical properties. For the repair condition holding for 2 hours at 177$\^{C}$(350℉) temperature, a pressure due to the vapor expansion in each cell of the sandwich panel, which may result in the local separation of the interface between laminated skin and the surface of the honeycomb, has been estimated by vapor pressure-temperature relation from the thermodynamic steam table and compared to the pressure from the ideal gas state equation. The bonding strengths of the laminated skins on the flat surface of the Nomex honeycomb have been compared by the flatwise tension test and climbing drum peel test performed at room temperature for dry, wet and wet-repair specimens, respectively.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2001년도 추계 학술대회지
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• pp.72-90
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• 2001

Environment agriculture carried out from 1999 in Daeho reclaimed saline area, located in central east cost of Choongnam Korea, resulted in dramatic reduction of amount of nitrogen fertilizer and application times and amount of pesticides. The ecological status of Daeho reclaimed saline area was considered to still very sound from the results of ecological survey on flora and fauna. However, it was desirable to adapt precision agriculture for production of high eating quality of rice and preservation of Daeho ecosystem. Especially, precise application of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer was recommendable for prevention of water pollution in environment rice cultivation by duck or mud snail or crab. The bioefficacy of Scirpus maritimus and Echinochloa crus-galli in paddy field of environment rice cultivation by duck or mud snail or crab in Daeho reclaimed saline area was revealed very low. Therefor, it was concluded that the pre-measures of reduction of natural weed population were necessary for successful environment agriculture. The most desirable and ideal environmentally sound agriculture in Daeho reclaimed saline area was performance of crop rotation, introduction of legume crops and green manure crops, and also, simultaneous management of crop production and animal husbandry for smooth flow of energy cycle within the closed Daeho ecosystem.

• 한국전자통신학회논문지
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.881-888
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• 2020

본 논문에서는, 상호작용 이동통신 사용자의 비직교 다중접속에서 강채널 사용자의 저하된 BER 성능을 향상하기 위해 음수의 상관관계 계수 B2S 사상을 제안한다. 먼저, 음수의 상관관계 계수 B2S 사상 수신기의 BER의 폐쇄형 표현식을 유도하고, 이상적인 완벽한 SIC 수신기와 양수의 상관관계 계수 수신기의 BER과 비교하여, B2S 수신기의 BER이 향상되었음을 보여준다. 또한, 이론적인 분석에 기초하여 SNR 이득을 구하여 음수의 상관관계 계수 B2S 사상 수신기의 성능 우수성을 입증한다.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.465-472
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• 2008

An automotive windshield wiper system is modeled mainly for vibration analysis purpose. The model is composed of solid links, ideal joints, imperfect joints to simulate unavoidable manufacturing defects and bushings having stiffness, contact between a wiper blade and a wind screen glass, friction, a spring and an actuator. Main stream of wiper dynamics analysis has been obtaining a closed form of system of equations using Newton's or Lagrange's formula and doing a numerical simulation study to understand and predict the behavior of it. However, the modeling process is complex since a wiper system is of multibody and a contact problem occurs. When imperfection, such as dead zone of a joint and stiffness of a rubber bushing, should be included, the added complexity makes the modeling difficult. Since the imperfection is understood as main cause of problematic vibration, the dynamics model of a wiper system aiming vibration analysis should include such unavoidable manufacturing defects in the model. An open form of dynamic model of a automotive windshield wiper system with imperfect joints using a commercial software is obtained and a simulation analyssis is conducted for vibration reduction study.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제67권1호
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• pp.103-113
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• 2018

In this paper, an improved integral variable structure regulation controller is designed by using a special integral sliding surface and a disturbance observer for the improved regulation control of highly nonlinear rigid robot manipulators with prescribed output performance. The sliding surface having the integral state with a special initial condition is employed in this paper to exactly predetermine the ideal sliding trajectory from a given initial condition to the desired reference without any reaching phase. And a continuous sliding mode input using the disturbance observer is also introduced in order to effectively follow the predetermined sliding trajectory within the prescribed accuracy without large computation burden. The performance of the prescribed tracking accuracy to the predetermined sliding trajectory is clearly investigated in detail through the two theorems, together with the closed loop stability. The design of the proposed regulation controller is separated into the performance design and robustness design in each independent link. The usefulness of the algorithm has been demonstrated through simulation studies on the regulation control of a two-link robot under parameter uncertainties and payload variations.