• Genomics & Informatics
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.52-58
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• 2018

In this report, we present a case study of how pharmacogenomics and pharmacometabolomics can be useful to characterize safety and pharmacokinetic profiles in early phase new drug development clinical trials. During conducting a first-in-human trial for a new molecular entity, we were able to determine the mechanism of dichotomized variability in plasma drug concentrations, which appeared closely related to adverse drug reactions (ADRs) through integrated omics analysis. The pharmacogenomics screening was performed from whole blood samples using the Affymetrix DMET (Drug-Metabolizing Enzymes and Transporters) Plus microarray, and confirmation of genetic variants was performed using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Metabolomics profiling was performed from plasma samples using liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. A GSTM1 null polymorphism was identified in pharmacogenomics test and the drug concentrations was higher in GSTM1 null subjects than GSTM1 functional subjects. The apparent drug clearance was 13-fold lower in GSTM1 null subjects than GSTM1 functional subjects (p < 0.001). By metabolomics analysis, we identified that the study drug was metabolized by cysteinylglycine conjugation in GSTM functional subjects but those not in GSTM1 null subjects. The incidence rate and the severity of ADRs were higher in the GSTM1 null subjects than the GSTM1 functional subjects. Through the integrated omics analysis, we could understand the mechanism of inter-individual variability in drug exposure and in adverse response. In conclusion, integrated multi-omics analysis can be useful for elucidating the various characteristics of new drug candidates in early phase clinical trials.

• 대한치과의사협회지
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• 제48권6호
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• pp.469-477
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of two dentin desensitizers and Er,Cr:YSGG laser for dentinal tubule occlusion. Twenty recently extracted single-rooted human teeth were used to obtain root dentinal fragments. The crowns were cut approximately 1mm below the cementum enamel junction(CEJ). A second cut was used to remove the apex of the root. Subsequently, a longitudinal cut was made in order to obtain 2 fragments from each root sample. The cementum from the cervical portion was removed using a high-speed diamond-coated bur in order to expose the dentin. To open dentinal tubules, forty samples were treated with 50% citric acid for 2 min and then rinsed under distilled water for 1 min. These were divided into four groups of ten samples each. The first group served as a control group. In group 2, the samples were irradiated with the Er,Cr:YSGG laser(Waterlase MD, Biolase, USA). In group 3, the samples were treated with Bisblock and ONE-STEP PLUS(Bisco, USA). In group 4, the samples were treated with Gluma comfort bond & Desensitizer(Heraeus Kulzer, Germany). All the samples were examined using Scanning electron microscopy(Hitachi, S-4700, Japan) with two different magnifications(X2000, X5000). These images were assessed by one examiner who was blind to the experimental procedure, using the index of smear layer removal. The distribution of smear layer removal grades was tested using Fisher's exact test. On the order hand, in order to evaluate the occluding effect of two dentin desensitizers and Er,Cr:YSGG laser, the number of exposed dentinal tubules was counted in each group. These were evaluated using the Kruskal-Wallis test with significance predetermined $\alpha$=0.05. There were statistically significant differences between the three groups(Er,Cr:YSGG laser, Bisblock+ONE-STEP PLUS, Gluma comfort bond & Desensitizer) and control group.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.95-102
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to observe histopathologically the influence of advanced periodontitis on pulp tissue, and to conclude the correlation between the results with clinical manifestations. The samples were teeth with over 7mm pocket depth and over 50% radiographic bone loss. These were diagnosed to have very poor prognosis and thus planned to be extracted. Those with any of following conditions were excluded from the samples, loss of vitality, periapical pathology, restoration or prosthesis, dental caries, and attrition or abrasion. It was because these conditions could affect pulp without any correlation with periodontal disease. For the experiment, 17 teeth from 11 patients were selected. Average age of patient was 47. Each tooth was examined for following categoris; pocket depth, gingival recession, electric pulp test, mobility, percussion test, sensitivity test. The extracted teeth were fixed buffered neutral formalin solution. It was decalcified using 4% nitric acid. Sliced histological samples observed using light microscope, for pulp status, and severeity of inflammation. 4 samples were excluded due to histologic sample discrepency. Thus 13 samples were subject to observation. 4 showed normal conditions. Focal reversable pulpitis was shown in 5 samples. Chronic pulpitis was observed 1 sample. Pulpal abscess was observed in 3 samples.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.427-430
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• 2008

Serious controls and cares using ID numbers and barcode needed throughly to have appropriate management in clinical tissues and nucleic acids inventories because these samples are the most essential and important materials in the experimental research laboratories. While almost all of the laboratories using and handling DNA samples as starting materials in their research, problems such as mixing up of two or more different samples together, contamination with other samples, and/or mistakes can occur, especially when it comes with large number of samples. These problems are rather frequent even though researchers pay more attentions to be far away from these obstacles. It has been such a long time since PCR became useful as an important and essential biological research tool among lots of bio-scientific research methods. In this research, we tried to set up a simple and cost-effective genotyping method using PCR and agarose gels, instead of expensive automated machines, for identification and discrimination among those DNA samples, as a kind of low level quality control and sample inventory management.

• BMB Reports
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.234-236
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• 1997

Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is associated with the rapid development of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. It has been reported that the amount of HCV RNA may be correlated with the progression of hepatitis and may be a prognostic marker for treatment of HCV patients. The direct detection of HCV RNA by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is widely used to determine the presence of circulating virions. The most relevant limit of this approach is the lack of quantitative information about the viral titer. In the present study, we developed the method for HCV quantitation using competitive reverse transcription (CRT)-PCR using the deleted HCV standard. The serially diluted standard was added in titrated amounts to the target HCV RNA. The mixture was then reverse transcribed and amplified in the same reaction tube. The methods were evaluated using over 110 HCV-PCR positive samples in Koreans. About 59% of the samples were judged to contain $10^{5}-10^{6}$ copies of HCV RNA in 1 ml of serum.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.113-117
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• 2008

It designed a study to examine the efficiency of DNA and RNA extraction from archival formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues using an non-heating and heating method. Archival paraffin blocks of liver, kidney, colon were randomly selected. Each paraffin block was prepared in 20 microtubes. For each paraffin blocks were tested non-heating DNA extraction to 10 microtubes and heating protocol under pH 7.0 and $100^{\circ}C$ to 10 microtubes. Evaluation of the results of DNA extraction was carried out by measuring concentration by UV spectrophotometry and then PCR amplification. DNA extraction content that non-heating method was liver $5{\pm}0.7{\mu}g/mL$, kidney $2{\pm}0.3{\mu}g/mL$, colon $6{\pm}0.4{\mu}g/mL$ and heating method was liver $12{\pm}0.6{\mu}g/mL$, kidney $7{\pm}0.5{\mu}g/mL$, colon $10.{\pm}0.3{\mu}g/mL$. Successful RNA extraction was observed, by ${\beta}$-actin amplification, in 46.7% sections for samples treated by the heating method versus 30.0% using non-heating DNA extraction. The extracted nucleic acid showed better values for samples heated at $100^{\circ}C$. Therefore heating extraction of nucleic acid is reliable, quick and efficiency.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.226-228
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• 2001

Human lymphotropic herpesvirus is known to be a major pathogen associated with various diseases in bone marrow transplantation (BMT) recipients. A multiplex nested-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method was developed for the simultaneous detection of human lymphotropic herpesviruses, including Ebstein-Barr virus (EBV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), and human herpesvirus 6 variants A and B (HHV6-A, HHV6-B). To demonstrate the usefulness of multiplex PCR for the analysis of clinical samples, peripheral blood mononuclear cells and serum from BMT recipients were analysed. The results skewed that a clear detection could be made between EBV, HCMV and HHV-6. This multiplex PCR assay is an efficient and cost-effective approach to the analysis of large numbers of samples to determine the epidemiological importance of EBV HCMV and HHV-6.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권sup3호
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• pp.87-91
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• 2016

To investigate whether excision repair cross complementing-group1 (ERCC1) expression status could serve as a bio-predictor of response to platinum-based induction chemotherapy for head and neck cancers (HNCs) patients with a diagnosis of epithelial HNC were studied retrospectively. Paraffin embedded tumor samples of the patients were analyzed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to determine ERCC1 expression status and its correlation with response to platinum-based induction chemotherapy was investigated. Of 44 included patients, 33 were male (75%) and 11 were female (25%) with a mean age of 53 years. Some 36% of patients whose tumor samples had high ERCC1 expression showed no response to induction chemotherapy. The value for patients with low ERCC1 expression was 9% and the difference was statistically significant (p=0.03). The ERCC1 expression state did not significantly vary between patient groups according to sex, age, primary tumor site, and tumor and node stage. Our study indicates that ERCC1 expression status detected by RT-PCR might serve as a bio-predictor of response to platinum-based induction chemotherapy for epithelial HNCs.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.32-37
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• 2010

The author was performed to investigation of current status of prevalence for anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) among the health-checkup adults in Jeonbuk province. A toal of 1,553 (male 1,046, female 507) serum samples were diagnosed by 3rd generation enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for anti-HCV. Total prevalence of anti-HCV was 0.9%, and prevalence of male and female were 0.8% and 1.2%, respectively. The prevalence of female was higher than male. According to ages group, prevalence of anti-HCV was highest in 60 age group, but it was not found in 20 age group. 14 samples with anti-HCV positive were diagnosed by EIA for hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBs Ag), by chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA) for serum albumin, alanine transaminase (ALT) and asparagine transaminase (AST). Positive for HBs Ag was not found. The mean of serum albumin levels was 4.5 g/dL, and mean of ALT and AST were 34.3 IU and 31.9 IU, respectively. Through this study, I know that the prevalence of anti-HCV among adults in Jeonbuk, and suggest that the positive of anti-HCV persons who have lower serum albumin, normal to mild elevations in serum enzymes are chronic hepatitis.

• 대한한의진단학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.45-58
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• 2007

Background and purpose: We previously developed questionnaire of Bojungikgitang systom on the Delphi method through the pathogenesis analysis. But developed a questionnaire was not verified in the clinical. So, to ensure objectivity, quantification and validity, verification is needed for questionnaire items before applying a clinical. On this study, we looked at whether questionnaire items had been validity in the clinical. Methods: Surveys conducted about 191 patients at 12 oriental medicine hospitals. Among them, patients with Bojungikgitang systom(group I) were 95, and patients with no Bojungikgitang systom(group II) were 96. We calculated that the sum of each item in the survey and then the sum was reviewed statistically significant difference through Independent samples T test between group I and II. Results: Between group I and II, the total sum survey of the percent difference is meaningful (P<0.05). Conclusions: Reliability analysis of the Bojungikgitang systom survey research is needed in the future. Also I think that research should proceed about a lot of people.