• 대한수학교육학회지:학교수학
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.303-315
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• 2014

우리나라 초등학교 수학에서 다양한 식을 취급하고 있음에도 불구하고, 식 지도 내용의 체계화는 아직 미흡하다. 이것은 기본적으로 초등학교 수학에서 취급하는 식의 정체를 명확하게 드러내지 못하고 있기 때문이다. 본 논문에서는 이 상황을 개선하기 위한 기초 작업으로, 식에 ${\square}$, ${\triangle}$ 등과 단어 또는 연어(連語)와 같은 과도기적 기호를 사용하는 초등학교 수학을 고려하는 입장에서, 먼저 식을 구성하는 요소로서의 기호를 분류하고, 그것에 바탕을 두어 식을 정의하고 분류하였다. 이러한 정의와 분류를 통해 초등학교 수학에서의 식 지도 내용의 체계화를 도모하는데 도움을 줄 수 있는 다음 네 가지 판단이 가능하다는 것을 결론으로 제시할 수 있다. 첫째, 식의 정체를 명확히 함으로써, 어떠한 표현이 식인지 아닌지 판별할 수 있다. 둘째, 식의 양태를 파악할 수 있다. 셋째, 식 지도 내용을 체계적으로 파악할 수 있다. 넷째, 식 지도 내용 사이의 위계를 파악할 수 있다.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.505-509
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• 2011

This paper attempts to classify known facial expressions and to establish the correlations between two regions (eye + eyebrows and mouth) in identifying the six prototypic expressions. Covariance is used to describe region texture that captures facial features for classification. The texture captured exhibit the pattern observed during the execution of particular expressions. Feature matching is done by simple distance measure between the probe and the modeled representations of eye and mouth components. We target JAFFE database in this experiment to validate our claim. A high classification rate is observed from the mouth component and the correlation between the two (eye and mouth) components. Eye component exhibits a lower classification rate if used independently.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.617-627
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• 2012

Objective: The aim of the study was to develop a most widely used Korean dictionary of emotion expressing idioms. This is anticipated to assist the development of software technology that recognizes and responds to verbally expressed human emotions. Method: Through rigorous and strategic classification processes, idiomatic expressions included in this dictionary have been rated in terms of nine different emotions (i.e., happiness, sadness, fear, anger, surprise, disgust, interest, boredom, and pain) for meaning and intensity associated with each expression. Result: The Korean dictionary of emotion expression idioms included 427 expressions, with approximately two thirds classified as 'happiness'(n=96), 'sadness'(n=96), and 'anger'(n=90) emotions. Conclusion: The significance of this study primarily rests in the development of a practical language tool that contains Korean idiomatic expressions of emotions, provision of information on meaning and strength, and identification of idioms connoting two or more emotions. Application: Study findings can be utilized in emotion recognition research, particularly in identifying primary and secondary emotions as well as understanding intensity associated with various idioms used in emotion expressions. In clinical settings, information provided from this research may also enhance helping professionals' competence in verbally communicating patients' emotional needs.

• Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.171-184
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• 1991

• Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.67-78
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• 1992

• 정보처리학회논문지:소프트웨어 및 데이터공학
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• 제4권12호
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• pp.577-584
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• 2015

일반적으로 질의응답 시스템은 입력된 질문에 대한 정답을 찾기 위해 질문과 관련된 문서 또는 단락 단위의 검색을 수행한다. 그렇지만 단어 기반의 검색만으로는 정답을 포함하는 단락을 찾기 어려운 경우가 있다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 문제를 각 문장이 가지고 있는 주제를 통해 해결할 수 있다고 판단하고 이를 위한 질의-응답문의 주제 분류 시스템에 대해 연구하였다. 이러한 시스템을 위해 필요한 인물과 관련한 주제 유형을 소개하고, 주제를 찾기 위한 단서표현을 정의하였다. 또한 단서표현기반으로 문장의 주제를 파악하는 시스템의 구성에 대해 소개하고, 이 시스템의 구성요소들에 대한 성능 평가를 수행하였다.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.567-576
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• 2006

In this paper, we applied the multiblock dimension reduction methods to the classification of tumor based on microarray gene expressions data. This procedure involves clustering selected genes, multiblock dimension reduction and classification using linear discrimination analysis and quadratic discrimination analysis.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.10-16
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• 2001

Purpose: The p53 protein is a tumor supressor gene, and its mutation is associated with biologic aggressiveness. CD44v6, one of the CD44 family, is a cell surface glycoprotein that plays a role in cancer invasion and metastasis. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is another recently identified growth factor with significant angiogenic properties. The purpose of this study was to investigate p53, CD44v6, and VEGF expressions to determine whether degree of expression was related to pathological parameters such as Lauren's classification, depth of invasion, and lymph node metastasis. Materials and Methods: Immunohistochemical stains of p53, CD44v6, and VEGF in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue sections of 125 gastric adenocarcinomas were done. Results: The overall expression rates of p53, CD44v6, and VEGF were $54.4\%$ (68/125), $36.8\%$ (46/125), and $48.0\%$ (60/125), respectively. The p53, not CD44v6 and VEGF was higher in intestinal-type gastric carcinomas by Lauren's classification. The expressions of p53, CD44v6, and VEGF were statistically correlated with depth of tumor invasion. The expression of CD44v6 was higher in the lymph node metastatic group than in the negative group. The p53 expression was significantly associated with VEGF expression. Conclusions: These data suggest that the expressions of p53, CD44v6, and VEGF are biologically related to malignancy. The p53 and CD44v6 expressions are independent; however, p53 gene mutation is one of the contributing factors to VEGF expression in gastric adenocarcinoma.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.47-68
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• 2015

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to review and propose improvements for the Romanization and English expressions in the WHO international classification of diseases 11th revision beta version (ICD-11b) traditional medicine chapter. Methods : ICD-11b as of October 5, 2015, was reviewed. Romanization and English expressions were analyzed with reference to existing standards such as the Basic Principles of Romanization stipulated by the National Institute of Korean Language, and the Korean Standard Classification of Diseases (KCD), suggested improvements followed. Results : Following the Basic Principles of Romanization, 131 ICD-11b rubrics need improvement in the Romanization of Korean. When compared to KCD-6 comparable rubrics, 161 ICD-11b rubrics are the same and 64 are different. When compared to KCD-7 comparable rubrics, 118 ICD-11b rubrics are the same, and 51 are different. In KCD-6, there are 127 rubrics that do not match with items in ICD-11b. In KCD-7, there are 123 rubrics that do not match with items in ICD-11b. Conclusions : ICD-11b may be improved by correcting the Romanization and consideration of English expressions suggested in this study.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.485-492
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• 2018

In this paper, we propose facial expression recognition using CNN (Convolutional Neural Network), one of the deep learning technologies. The proposed structure has general classification performance for any environment or subject. For this purpose, we collect a variety of databases and organize the database into six expression classes such as 'expressionless', 'happy', 'sad', 'angry', 'surprised' and 'disgusted'. Pre-processing and data augmentation techniques are applied to improve training efficiency and classification performance. In the existing CNN structure, the optimal structure that best expresses the features of six facial expressions is found by adjusting the number of feature maps of the convolutional layer and the number of nodes of fully-connected layer. The experimental results show good classification performance compared to the state-of-the-arts in experiments of the cross validation and the cross database. Also, compared to other conventional models, it is confirmed that the proposed structure is superior in classification performance with less execution time.