• 정보보호학회논문지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.91-96
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• 1991

리듀스드 이원이차형을 사용한 키 교환법이 소개되었다. 이는 실이차체의 클래스군 위에서의 이산대수문제의 어려움을 이용한 것이다.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.127-134
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• 2002

Although the reward based on group accomplishment in cooperative learning has a merit to emphasize interdependency, it may have some undesirable side effects such as free rider effect and sucker effect. For the purpose of reducing these side effects, this study examined how the adjustment of the reward structure affected the scholastic achievement, the perception of learning environments, and the attitude toward science class by adding individual reward to group reward. We selected 2 classes of sixth grade in an elementary school, and taught on oxygen and carbon dioxide for 13 class hours in cooperative learning strategies. Group reward was applied to one class, and both group and individual rewards were applied to the other class. Analysis of the results indicated that the achievement scores of the students under the group and individual rewards were significantly higher than those under the group reward. In addition, they had more difficulty in science class and felt less satisfied. The upper level students under the group and individual rewards were also found to exhibit more competition. Educational implications were discussed.

• 대한의료기공학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.1-22
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• 2015

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to develop a Gi-Gong method instruction configured with modern motions to suit the Medical curing characteristics of Korean Medicine and improve the development and validation of educational and clinical needs. Methods : We took survey on 33 students after giving 'Yang-Seng Gi-Gong' lectures at Woosuk University School of Korean Medicine in the first semester of the year 2015. Results : 1. Reflection of training goal was 7.75±1.79, which showed that the education was overall interesting, but showed a high satisfaction with the practical rather than the theoretical lectures. 2. General difficulty level was intermediate, but the practice of Hwal-In-Shim-Bang Do-In-Beop from several formulations were evaluated relatively difficult exercise. 3. The propriety of training materials were rated as mostly adequate, but that assessment was relatively less appropriate for the linkage of theory and practice, and that of time allocation and place was a normal level. 4. For the propriety of time distribution, the class of one semester such as the current is rated appropriate by 61% of students. 5. General class participation was 6.34±2.52, then participation in practice than theory lessons were active. On the other hand, Induction training participation and participation appeared to be relatively low correlation, but overall interesting and participation in practice high correlation. Conclusions : The difficulty level of theory lessons is necessary to be adjusted and lecture form will need to continue focusing on practical lessons.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:시스템및이론
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.169-175
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• 2002

본 논문은 프로세스들이 크래시(crash)되어 죽을 수 있으나 통신망은 신뢰 할 수 있는 비동기적 분산 시스템에서 선출(election) 문제 해결의 어려움에 대하여 논한 글이다. 비동기적인 분산 시스템에서 문제들을 해결하는데 어려움의 정도는 프로세스들의 실패(failure)에도 불구하고 그것들을 해결 할 수 있느냐 하는 어려움(difficulty)에 의해 결정된다. 비동기적인 분산 시스템에서 부딪치는 문제들은 3부류의 문제들로 구분되는 바: F(고장 감내), NF(비고장 감내), NFC(비고장 감내 완전성)의 3 종류들이다. 그런 문제들 중, NFC 부류의 문제들이 해결하기 가장 어려운 문제들이다. 본 논문에서는 선출 문제도 NFC 부류에 속하는 해결하기 가장 어려운 문제임을 증명한다.

• Korean Journal of Mathematics
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.453-464
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• 2011

We used SAS program in statistics class as a plan to increase effect of class. Because lease cost of SAS program is high and low-level students felt difficulty of the syntax of SAS program, I planned to introduce other instruction-software. We observe whether it's O.K. to use Excel instead of SAS program and Excel is helpful in having positive attitudes. We try to compare and analyze the merits of two programs. The purpose of this study is to apply Excel to statistics class, cut down the cost of instruction-software, and make students understand statistics more conveniently and easily.

• 중국학논총
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• 제61호
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• pp.255-277
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• 2019

This paper presented a course plan based on the ideas I gained from conducting a lecture on Chinese language for students in the second semester of the Chinese language department at a four-year university. In the paper, we sought to deviate from the traditional grammar-translation teaching style and find ways for students to enjoy learning without difficulty in all areas by using the 'total language approach' such as writing, speaking, listening and reading through reading skills. Therefore, we discussed the educational significance and expression of the 'Chinese Languages' class, and introduced the class stages and methods of progress. In other words, they suggested introduction of text plots, explanation of vocabulary and grammar, presentation of original text, questions about text, arrangement of words, ordering sentences to fit the plot, and understanding the plot while looking at the picture.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.55-72
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to find out what kind of difficulties teachers face in the management of the elementary gifted institutions in the rural area of Chungbuk province. In this study, rural area was defined that the area where gifted education is difficult to access due to geographical accessibility or where gifted education service is restricted. The participants of the this study were three elementary gifted teachers who manage elementary gifted education institutions and is teaching science to disadvantaged gifted students. We collected data about the difficulties and support needs for the management of the gifted institutions in the rural area through the questionnaire and the interview. The results of this study are as follows. First, the common difficulty that teachers expressed was the lack of parental attention and awareness of gifted education. Second, the teachers who participated in this study perceived different difficulties according to their area, experience, and environment. Teacher A is the lack of awareness of the managers, teacher B is the difficulty of student selection, teacher C is the most difficult factor in teacher quality management. This difference in perceptions also led to differences in the support improvements required by gifted class teachers in the rural area. Third, the three teachers commonly referred to difficulties to access due to geographical accessibility, and demanded the integrated management of the gifted class in the rural area and the support for the expansion of the class.

• 한국임상보건과학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.1543-1552
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• 2022

Purpose: It is intended to investigate the satisfaction of dental hygiene students with non-face-to-face online classes and use them as basic data for successful lecture design and operation. Methods: The data collected in this study were analyzed using the lBM SPSS Statistics 21 program. The general characteristics of the study subjects were frequency analysis, non-face-to-face online class satisfaction, and test satisfaction were frequency analysis and technical statistics. Through the independent sample T test, a t-test was conducted to find out whether there was an average difference in online class and test satisfaction according to grade. Results: The advantages of non-face-to-face online classes were that repetitive learning was possible (57.7%), the disadvantage was that there was a lack of real-time communication (74.9%), and the most efficient teaching method was a mixed form of online and face-to-face classes (64.9%). The satisfaction level of online classes was 2.69 points for 'self-directed learning habits,' which was the highest compared to the overall average of 2.55 points, and 2.09 points for 'difficulty in interaction between instructors and learners in online classes.'Non-face-to-face test satisfaction was 2.68 points for 'short test time gives fairness to test results,' higher than the overall average of 2.45 points, and 2.07 points for 'no difficulty accessing the test.'In terms of satisfaction with the non-face-to-face test according to the grade, it was found that the third grade showed a more negative attitude than the second grade in terms of sexual fairness (p<0.05). Conclusions: Through the above results, non-face-to-face online classes require various content development and some mixed classes considering the level of students, and instructors' efforts to improve the quality of classes for interaction between instructors and learners are needed.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.334-344
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• 2020

본 연구는 PBL(Problem Based Learning) 수업에서 학생들에 수행하는 과제에 켈러의 ARCS에 의해 동기설계를 반영하였을 때, 학습자의 교과흥미와 과제난이도 인식 수준에 미치는 영향을 탐색하기 위해서 수행되었다. 이를 위해서 일반교직을 전공하는 대학생 79명을 대상으로 수행되었다. 연구를 위해서 실험집단과 비교집단을 구성하였다. 교과 흥미와 과제난이도 인식 수준의 사전 수준을 측정하기 위해 1차 PBL 과제를 수행하였다. 다음으로 동기 설계가 반영된 과제의 영향을 검증하기 위해 2차 PBL 활동 수행하였다. 실험집단은 동기설계가 반영된 과제를 수행하였고, 비교집단은 동기설계가 반영이 되지 않은 과제를 수행하였다. 2차 PBL 활동이 종료된 후에 교과흥미와 과제난이도 인식 수준을 측정하였다. 수집된 자료는 사전 수준을 공변량으로 선정하여 ANCOVA를 사용하여 자료를 분석하였다. 그 결과 실험집단의 교과흥미 수준이 통계적으로 유의미하게 향상되었고, 과제난이도 인식 수준은 통계적으로 유의미하게 낮아진 것으로 검증되었다.

• 디지털콘텐츠학회 논문지
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.1123-1129
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• 2018

본 연구의 목적은 보육교사의 모바일 알림장 사용경험에 대하여 알아보는데 있다. 연구대상은 서울 경기지역에 소재한 모바일 알림장을 사용하고 있는 보육교사 7명으로, 심층면담을 통해 자료를 수집하였다. 연구 결과 첫 째, 보육교사의 [모바일 알림장 사용경험 중 긍정적인 측면]에 관한 주제군은 <교사와 부모와의 신뢰감 향상>, <즉각적인 일처리의 효율화>로 주제가 분류되었다. 둘 째 보육교사의 [모바일 알림장 사용경험 중 부정적인 측면]에 관한 주제군은 <업무량 증가에 대한 어려움>, <모바일 알림장 기능의 다양화에 대한 아쉬움>으로 주제가 분류되었다. 본 연구는 향후 부모와 교사간의 신뢰할 수 있는 의사소통 자료를 제공하고, 모바일 알림장을 보다 효과적으로 활용할 수 있도록 기초자료를 제시하는데 의의가 있다.