• Computers and Concrete
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.583-595
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• 2011

This paper studied the cement efficiency factor (k factor) of high calcium Class F fly ash. This k factor represents a unit of fly ash with efficiency equivalent to k unit of cement. The high calcium Class F fly ash was used to replace cement in concrete. The modified Bolomey's law with linear relationship was used for the analysis of the result of compressive strength, cement to water ratio (c/w) and fly ash to water ratio (f/w) by using the multi-linear regression to determine the k factor and other constants in the equations. The results of analysis were compared with the results from other researcher and showed that the k factor of high calcium Class F fly ash depends on the fineness of fly ash, replacement level and curing age. While the amount of CaO content in Class F fly ash not evident. Furthermore, necessary criteria and variables for the determination of the k factor including the use of the k factor in concrete mix design containing fly ash were proposed.

• English Language & Literature Teaching
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.309-326
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• 2011

This study examines the relationship between second language use outside of class and oral proficiency development. It first identifies out-of-class activities of international graduate students in the U.S. and the average time spent speaking English in those out-of-class activities. Interviews and student self-measurements of time spent speaking English each day were used to investigate the types and quantities of out-of-class activities. In addition, two sets of student oral proficiency test scores were collected. Correlation analysis is used to find out the relationship of the variables between the most salient out-of-class activities and oral proficiency gains. The findings indicate that second language use outside of class is important for international graduate students to improve their oral proficiency. This is especially true with regularized interaction such as talking at work and the average time spent speaking in English a day outside of class. This study suggests that learners of English in an ESL environment should be encouraged to take part in out-of-class activities in addition to English use in the classroom in order for them to improve their oral proficiency.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.813-820
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• 2021

Objectives: This study was conducted to verify the effectiveness of the VR-applied head and neck anatomy class and to be used as basic data for the development of a teaching method using VR in the basic dental hygiene field. Methods: A convenience sample was extracted from 128 students and graduates who completed the head and neck anatomy class at the department of dental hygiene at a university in Gwangju. From June 1 to July 31, 2021, an online survey was conducted on class attitude and satisfaction, and statistical analysis was performed using frequency analysis and independent sample t-test. Results: Class attitude (3.79), interest (3.64), attention (3.88), learning motivation (3.80), and achievement motivation (3.84) were all high in the head and neck anatomy VR application group (p<0.01). Satisfaction (3.99), relevance of class content (4.06) and class achievement (3.96) were high in the head and neck anatomy VR application group (p<0.01). The suitability of class attitude (3.65) and class content (sub-item of class satisfaction) (4.13) was high in the group with the 4th industrial revolution education experience (p<0.05). Conclusions: The effect of VR application in the head and neck anatomy class was confirmed to increase students' class attitude and satisfaction. In the basic dental hygiene curriculum, it will be necessary to develop and utilize teaching methods related to the 4th industrial revolution and VR application classes.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.13 no.11
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• pp.561-569
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• 2015

This study looks into the level of anxiety that middle school students have about PE class, dividing the classes into coed class and single-sex class and aims to conduct an in-depth analysis of differences in sub-factors of the anxiety. Subjects of the study were 554 students in randomly selected six middle schools located in Gyeonggi-do. To figure out the relationships among the sub-factors of the anxiety according to class, grade, academic record and the level of physical strength, a Multivariate Analysis of Variance model was set up and analysis was conducted. The results obtained through the research are as follows. First, it was predicted that the level of anxiety about PE class in middle school would have a great impact on the factor, 'punishment' by class (coed and single-sex). Second, it was predicted that the level of anxiety about PE class in middle school would have a great impact on the factors, 'anxiety about the event of sports' and 'conflict during class' by grade. Third, it was found that there was no difference in the level of anxiety about PE class that middle school students had according to their academic record in PE. Fourth, it was predicted that the level of anxiety about PE class in middle school would have a great impact on the factor of 'anxiety about the event of sports' by the level of physical strength.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.111-122
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• 2012

This study analyzed the differences in value perception and purchasing intention for natural cosmetics by LOHAS class and investigated what influences people's value perception for natural cosmetics had on their purchasing intention. Total 450 questionnaires were distributed to adults of over 20s to 50s for the period from Dec. 1, 2011 to Dec. 14 and 410 questionnaires were used as analysis data. As for collected data, the statistical package SPSS 18.0 Version was used for factor analysis, frequency analysis, reliability test, one-way ANOVA, Chi-Square test, Scheffe-test, correlations analysis and multiple regression analysis. LOHAS class was divided into three groups (higher, middle and lower) based on LOHAS index. Through factor analysis, the value perception for natural cosmetics were divided into three factors (social value, emotional and functional value perception). The results of this study were obtained as below. First, in case of the value perception for natural cosmetics by LOHAS class, it was demonstrated that the higher LOHAS classes they were, the higher value perception for natural cosmetics (social, emotional and functional value perception) they had. Second, in case of the effects of the value perception for natural cosmetics by LOHAS class on their purchasing intention (intention to use and recommendation of usage), it was found that their value perception influenced their purchasing intention. Social value perception and functional value perception, especially social value perception largely affected the purchasing intention of all LOHAS classes, while emotional value perception didn't affected the purchasing intention.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.1147-1159
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to verify the analysis of level of importance and satisfaction in recognitions of elementary school students on useful classes among school sport clubs using Importance-Performance analysis. In order to achieve this objective, samples were taken by using convenience sampling method among non-probability sampling methods, and 384 data were used as the final valid samples for this study except 16 data with missing items or insincere responses. The results of frequency analysis, exploratory factor analysis, independent samples t-test, IPA analysis by using SPSS 20.0 were as follows. First, Iquadrant included education contents of enhance ability to ingenuity, teaching method of provides option, teaching method of encourage participation activity, education contents of the aspect of fun, evaluation of motor function and emotion, education contents of explains key contents easily, and education contents of understanding overall context. II quadrant included education environment of good sport facility, class environment of fair opportunity for activity, class atmosphere of arouses interest, and class atmosphere of autonomous and voluntary. III quadrant included diverse teaching method and instructor's demonstration, class atmosphere of systematic learning, evaluation of fairness, objectivity, and credibility, and an atmosphere that can exercise. IV quadrant included education contents of enable acquisition of knowledge and degree of improvement into consideration, and class atmosphere of trust and respect between instructor and student.

• The Journal of Economics, Marketing and Management
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.65-76
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• 2023

Purpose: It suggests that in order to compare economic development between large cities, this paper aims to exclude factors such as GDP, trade, manpower, R&D, then present newly an analysis of others (inflation, exports, middle-class, competitiveness, digital). Research design, data, and methodology: In the period of rapid digitalization of the world, we would like to deal with different analysis factors than before. This is because digitalization and prices have the greatest impact on the region in terms of national competitiveness. Random sampling was used as the sample size of this study to generate various values for the annual income of the middle class and the competitiveness index, and the analysis method was used. This is because the income of the middle class can lead the digitalization of the country and accelerate it to standardization. Results: Based on these analysis, it is necessary to reduce the inflation rate of digitalization, it is necessary to lower inflation rates. This can be more fundamental than interest rates. If the demand for digitalization is reduced, national competitiveness, national competitiveness will lower national competitiveness. By building a hub for middle class, you can reduce this inflation rate without China's oversupply. Conclusion: This is because it is difficult to maintain competitiveness through interest rate control, as prices rise, and inflation can become unstable. This study can seek digital acceptance by the middle class as a solution to problems like the regional economic confrontation of new globalization inflation environment.

• Journal of Engineering Education Research
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.68-77
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• 2019

This study dealt with a case study on the application of flipped learning to solid mechanics in college of engineering and analyzed the results of Pre-class survey, In-class activities, and Post-class survey to examine the effects of flipped learning. Total sample size of the analysis was 32 students who applied for solid mechanics in mechanical engineering department, consisting of 23 students in sophomore, five in junior and four in senior. The class was operated in three stages: Pre-class, In-class, and Post-class. The response of the students was observed at each stage of the class. According to the results, flipped learning was effective in learning knowledge of major subjects in engineering, and students actively participated in class activities and conducted smooth discussions with team members. Flipped learning has also improved students' class concentration and academic ability. Most of the students have expressed their intention to take classes or actively recommend other students when the classes are held. Effective classes will require systematic discussion guidance because flipped learning is closely related to discussion activities.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.256-266
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• 2023

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between stress and school life adaptation according to the degree of participation in physical education class and perception of middle school students. In order to achieve this research objective, the subjects of this study were sampled using cluster random sampling from male and female students attending middle schools in Gwangju Metropolitan City and Jeollanam-do in 2020. 150 males and 150 females, a total of 300 people were sampled. The statistical analysis used for data analysis was frequency analysis, exploratory factor analysis, reliability analysis, and multiple regression analysis using SPSS Windows 21.0 Version. The conclusions obtained in this study through data analysis by such methods and procedures are as follows. First, it was found that middle school students' participation in physical education classes and perceptions had a partial effect on stress. Second, it was found that the degree of participation and awareness of middle school students' physical education class had a partial effect on their adaptation to school life. Third, middle school students' stress was found to have a partial effect on school life adaptation.

• Proceedings of the Korea Database Society Conference
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• 1999.06a
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• pp.281-287
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• 1999

Decision class analysis (DCA) is viewed as a classification problem where a set of input data (situation-specific knowledge) and output data (a topological leveled influence diagram (ID)) is given. Situation-specific knowledge is usually given from a decision maker (DM) with the help of domain expert(s). But it is not easy for the DM to know the situation-specific knowledge of decision problem exactly. This paper presents a methodology fur sensitivity analysis of DCA under incomplete information. The purpose of sensitivity analysis in DCA is to identify the effects of incomplete situation-specific frames whose uncertainty affects the importance of each variable in the resulting model. For such a purpose, our suggested methodology consists of two procedures: generative procedure and adaptive procedure. An interactive procedure is also suggested based the sensitivity analysis to build a well-formed ID. These procedures are formally explained and illustrated with a raw material purchasing problem.